TTV-determined Masses for Warm Jupiters and Their Close Planetary Companions

Although the formation and the properties of hot Jupiters (with orbital periods P < 10 days) have attracted a great deal of attention, the origins of warm Jupiters (10 < P < 100 days) are less well studied. Using a transit timing analysis, we present the orbital parameters of five planetary systems containing warm Jupiters, Kepler 30, Kepler 117, Kepler 302, Kepler 487, and Kepler 418. Three of them, Kepler-30 c(Mp = 549.4 5.6 M⊕), Kepler-117 c(Mp = 702 63 M⊕), and Kepler 302 c(Mp = 933 527 M⊕), are confirmed to be real warm Jupiters based on their mass. Insights drawn from the radius-temperature relationship lead to the inference that hot Jupiters and warm Jupiters can be roughly separated by Teff,c = 1123.7 3.3 K. Also, Teff,c provides a good separation for Jupiters with companion fraction consistent with zero (Teff > Teff,c) and those with companion fraction significantly different from zero (Teff < Teff,c).