Plant-based diets add to the wastewater phosphorus burden

Global food production and current reliance on meat-based diets requires a large share of natural resource use and causes widespread environmental pollution including phosphorus (P). Transitions to less animal-intensive diets address a suite of sustainability goals, but their impact on society'...

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Veröffentlicht in:Environmental research letters 2020-09, Vol.15 (9), p.94018, Article 094018
Hauptverfasser: Forber, K J, Rothwell, S A, Metson, G S, Jarvie, H P, Withers, P J A
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creator Forber, K J
Rothwell, S A
Metson, G S
Jarvie, H P
Withers, P J A
description Global food production and current reliance on meat-based diets requires a large share of natural resource use and causes widespread environmental pollution including phosphorus (P). Transitions to less animal-intensive diets address a suite of sustainability goals, but their impact on society's wastewater P burden is unclear. Using the UK as our example, we explored historical diet changes between 1942 and 2016, and how shifting towards plant-based diets might impact the P burden entering wastewater treatment works (WWTW), and subsequent effluent P discharge to receiving water bodies. Average daily per capita P intake declined from its peak in 1963 (1599 mg P pp−1 d−1) to 1354 mg P pp−1 d−1 in 2016. Since 1942, the contribution of processed foods to total P consumption has increased from 21% to 52% in 2016, but consumption of total animal products has not changed significantly. Scenario analysis indicated that if individuals adopted a vegan diet or a low-meat ('EAT- Lancet') diet by 2050, the P burden entering WWTW increased by 17% and 35%, respectively relative to baseline conditions in 2050. A much lower P burden increase (6%) was obtained with a flexitarian diet. An increasing burden of P to WWTW threatens greater non-compliance with regulatory targets for P discharge to water, but also presents an opportunity to the wastewater industry to recycle P in the food chain, and reduce reliance on finite phosphate rock resources. Sustainable diets that reduce food system P demand pre-consumption could also provide a source of renewable fertilizers through enhanced P recovery post-consumption and should be further explored.
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Res. Lett</addtitle><date>2020-09-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>94018</spage><pages>94018-</pages><artnum>094018</artnum><issn>1748-9326</issn><eissn>1748-9326</eissn><coden>ERLNAL</coden><abstract>Global food production and current reliance on meat-based diets requires a large share of natural resource use and causes widespread environmental pollution including phosphorus (P). Transitions to less animal-intensive diets address a suite of sustainability goals, but their impact on society's wastewater P burden is unclear. Using the UK as our example, we explored historical diet changes between 1942 and 2016, and how shifting towards plant-based diets might impact the P burden entering wastewater treatment works (WWTW), and subsequent effluent P discharge to receiving water bodies. Average daily per capita P intake declined from its peak in 1963 (1599 mg P pp−1 d−1) to 1354 mg P pp−1 d−1 in 2016. Since 1942, the contribution of processed foods to total P consumption has increased from 21% to 52% in 2016, but consumption of total animal products has not changed significantly. Scenario analysis indicated that if individuals adopted a vegan diet or a low-meat ('EAT- Lancet') diet by 2050, the P burden entering WWTW increased by 17% and 35%, respectively relative to baseline conditions in 2050. A much lower P burden increase (6%) was obtained with a flexitarian diet. An increasing burden of P to WWTW threatens greater non-compliance with regulatory targets for P discharge to water, but also presents an opportunity to the wastewater industry to recycle P in the food chain, and reduce reliance on finite phosphate rock resources. 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subjects Animal products
Diet
Environmental Sciences
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
Fertilizers
Food chains
Food processing
Food production
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Meat
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Natural resources
Nutrient deficiency
Phosphorus
Physical Sciences
Processed foods
Receiving waters
Science & Technology
Sustainability
Vegan
Veganism
Vegetarian diet
Wastewater treatment
wastewater treatment works
Water discharge
title Plant-based diets add to the wastewater phosphorus burden
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