Plant-based diets add to the wastewater phosphorus burden
Global food production and current reliance on meat-based diets requires a large share of natural resource use and causes widespread environmental pollution including phosphorus (P). Transitions to less animal-intensive diets address a suite of sustainability goals, but their impact on society'...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental research letters 2020-09, Vol.15 (9), p.94018, Article 094018 |
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description | Global food production and current reliance on meat-based diets requires a large share of natural resource use and causes widespread environmental pollution including phosphorus (P). Transitions to less animal-intensive diets address a suite of sustainability goals, but their impact on society's wastewater P burden is unclear. Using the UK as our example, we explored historical diet changes between 1942 and 2016, and how shifting towards plant-based diets might impact the P burden entering wastewater treatment works (WWTW), and subsequent effluent P discharge to receiving water bodies. Average daily per capita P intake declined from its peak in 1963 (1599 mg P pp−1 d−1) to 1354 mg P pp−1 d−1 in 2016. Since 1942, the contribution of processed foods to total P consumption has increased from 21% to 52% in 2016, but consumption of total animal products has not changed significantly. Scenario analysis indicated that if individuals adopted a vegan diet or a low-meat ('EAT- Lancet') diet by 2050, the P burden entering WWTW increased by 17% and 35%, respectively relative to baseline conditions in 2050. A much lower P burden increase (6%) was obtained with a flexitarian diet. An increasing burden of P to WWTW threatens greater non-compliance with regulatory targets for P discharge to water, but also presents an opportunity to the wastewater industry to recycle P in the food chain, and reduce reliance on finite phosphate rock resources. Sustainable diets that reduce food system P demand pre-consumption could also provide a source of renewable fertilizers through enhanced P recovery post-consumption and should be further explored. |
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Transitions to less animal-intensive diets address a suite of sustainability goals, but their impact on society's wastewater P burden is unclear. Using the UK as our example, we explored historical diet changes between 1942 and 2016, and how shifting towards plant-based diets might impact the P burden entering wastewater treatment works (WWTW), and subsequent effluent P discharge to receiving water bodies. Average daily per capita P intake declined from its peak in 1963 (1599 mg P pp−1 d−1) to 1354 mg P pp−1 d−1 in 2016. Since 1942, the contribution of processed foods to total P consumption has increased from 21% to 52% in 2016, but consumption of total animal products has not changed significantly. Scenario analysis indicated that if individuals adopted a vegan diet or a low-meat ('EAT- Lancet') diet by 2050, the P burden entering WWTW increased by 17% and 35%, respectively relative to baseline conditions in 2050. A much lower P burden increase (6%) was obtained with a flexitarian diet. An increasing burden of P to WWTW threatens greater non-compliance with regulatory targets for P discharge to water, but also presents an opportunity to the wastewater industry to recycle P in the food chain, and reduce reliance on finite phosphate rock resources. Sustainable diets that reduce food system P demand pre-consumption could also provide a source of renewable fertilizers through enhanced P recovery post-consumption and should be further explored.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1748-9326</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1748-9326</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab9271</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ERLNAL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>BRISTOL: IOP Publishing</publisher><subject>Animal products ; Diet ; Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Fertilizers ; Food chains ; Food processing ; Food production ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Meat ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences ; Natural resources ; Nutrient deficiency ; Phosphorus ; Physical Sciences ; Processed foods ; Receiving waters ; Science & Technology ; Sustainability ; Vegan ; Veganism ; Vegetarian diet ; Wastewater treatment ; wastewater treatment works ; Water discharge</subject><ispartof>Environmental research letters, 2020-09, Vol.15 (9), p.94018, Article 094018</ispartof><rights>2020 The Author(s). 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Res. Lett</addtitle><description>Global food production and current reliance on meat-based diets requires a large share of natural resource use and causes widespread environmental pollution including phosphorus (P). Transitions to less animal-intensive diets address a suite of sustainability goals, but their impact on society's wastewater P burden is unclear. Using the UK as our example, we explored historical diet changes between 1942 and 2016, and how shifting towards plant-based diets might impact the P burden entering wastewater treatment works (WWTW), and subsequent effluent P discharge to receiving water bodies. Average daily per capita P intake declined from its peak in 1963 (1599 mg P pp−1 d−1) to 1354 mg P pp−1 d−1 in 2016. Since 1942, the contribution of processed foods to total P consumption has increased from 21% to 52% in 2016, but consumption of total animal products has not changed significantly. Scenario analysis indicated that if individuals adopted a vegan diet or a low-meat ('EAT- Lancet') diet by 2050, the P burden entering WWTW increased by 17% and 35%, respectively relative to baseline conditions in 2050. A much lower P burden increase (6%) was obtained with a flexitarian diet. An increasing burden of P to WWTW threatens greater non-compliance with regulatory targets for P discharge to water, but also presents an opportunity to the wastewater industry to recycle P in the food chain, and reduce reliance on finite phosphate rock resources. Sustainable diets that reduce food system P demand pre-consumption could also provide a source of renewable fertilizers through enhanced P recovery post-consumption and should be further explored.</description><subject>Animal products</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences & Ecology</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>Food chains</subject><subject>Food processing</subject><subject>Food production</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Meat</subject><subject>Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences</subject><subject>Natural resources</subject><subject>Nutrient deficiency</subject><subject>Phosphorus</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Processed foods</subject><subject>Receiving waters</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Sustainability</subject><subject>Vegan</subject><subject>Veganism</subject><subject>Vegetarian diet</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment</subject><subject>wastewater treatment works</subject><subject>Water discharge</subject><issn>1748-9326</issn><issn>1748-9326</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>O3W</sourceid><sourceid>AOWDO</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>D8T</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNUU2LFDEUbETBdfXuscGj9m6SzudxGVd3YUEP6jW8JK_dDGNnTNIM_nsz2zLqQfDwyKOoKiqvuu4lJReUaH1JFdeDGZm8BGeYoo-6sxP0-I_9afeslC0hggulzzrzcQdzHRwUDH2IWEsPIfQ19fUe-wOUigeomPv9fSpt8lJ6t-SA8_PuyQS7gi9-vefd53fXnzY3w92H97ebq7vBC8rqYAKXepTeAWcO0WglWhTlRi0YCM-pwilIoJwoSYSRrmFAg1cjnUbZ5ry7XX1Dgq3d5_gN8g-bINoHIOWvFnKNfocWPNHGo6JCMC4IA6NBa6RukkFpgc1rWL3KAfeL-8vtbfxy9eC2i4ul0hjFG__Vyt_n9H3BUu02LXlu37VMaMYI4Vw1FllZPqdSMk4nX0rssRx7vL49Xt-u5TTJ61VyQJem4iPOHk8y0uqRgutxbBs5svX_szexQo1p3qRlrk36ZpXGtP8d_p-5fgKPDa5S</recordid><startdate>20200901</startdate><enddate>20200901</enddate><creator>Forber, K J</creator><creator>Rothwell, S A</creator><creator>Metson, G S</creator><creator>Jarvie, H P</creator><creator>Withers, P J A</creator><general>IOP Publishing</general><general>IOP Publishing Ltd</general><scope>O3W</scope><scope>TSCCA</scope><scope>AOWDO</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>ABXSW</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><scope>D8T</scope><scope>DG8</scope><scope>ZZAVC</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1153-0328</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4984-1607</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-6077</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-9586</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-2126</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200901</creationdate><title>Plant-based diets add to the wastewater phosphorus burden</title><author>Forber, K J ; 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Res. Lett</addtitle><date>2020-09-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>94018</spage><pages>94018-</pages><artnum>094018</artnum><issn>1748-9326</issn><eissn>1748-9326</eissn><coden>ERLNAL</coden><abstract>Global food production and current reliance on meat-based diets requires a large share of natural resource use and causes widespread environmental pollution including phosphorus (P). Transitions to less animal-intensive diets address a suite of sustainability goals, but their impact on society's wastewater P burden is unclear. Using the UK as our example, we explored historical diet changes between 1942 and 2016, and how shifting towards plant-based diets might impact the P burden entering wastewater treatment works (WWTW), and subsequent effluent P discharge to receiving water bodies. Average daily per capita P intake declined from its peak in 1963 (1599 mg P pp−1 d−1) to 1354 mg P pp−1 d−1 in 2016. Since 1942, the contribution of processed foods to total P consumption has increased from 21% to 52% in 2016, but consumption of total animal products has not changed significantly. Scenario analysis indicated that if individuals adopted a vegan diet or a low-meat ('EAT- Lancet') diet by 2050, the P burden entering WWTW increased by 17% and 35%, respectively relative to baseline conditions in 2050. A much lower P burden increase (6%) was obtained with a flexitarian diet. An increasing burden of P to WWTW threatens greater non-compliance with regulatory targets for P discharge to water, but also presents an opportunity to the wastewater industry to recycle P in the food chain, and reduce reliance on finite phosphate rock resources. Sustainable diets that reduce food system P demand pre-consumption could also provide a source of renewable fertilizers through enhanced P recovery post-consumption and should be further explored.</abstract><cop>BRISTOL</cop><pub>IOP Publishing</pub><doi>10.1088/1748-9326/ab9271</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1153-0328</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4984-1607</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-6077</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-9586</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-2126</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animal products Diet Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Fertilizers Food chains Food processing Food production Life Sciences & Biomedicine Meat Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Natural resources Nutrient deficiency Phosphorus Physical Sciences Processed foods Receiving waters Science & Technology Sustainability Vegan Veganism Vegetarian diet Wastewater treatment wastewater treatment works Water discharge |
title | Plant-based diets add to the wastewater phosphorus burden |
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