Practical realisation of the kelvin by Johnson noise thermometry
Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) is a purely electronic method of thermodynamic thermometry. In primary JNT, the temperature is inferred from a comparison of the Johnson noise voltage of a resistor at the unknown temperature with a pseudo-random noise synthesized by a quantum-based voltage-noise sour...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Metrologia 2024-04, Vol.61 (2), p.22001 |
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| creator | Benz, Samuel P Coakley, Kevin J Flowers-Jacobs, Nathan E Rogalla, Horst Tew, Weston L Qu, Jifeng White, D Rod Gaiser, Christof Pollarolo, Alessio Urano, Chiharu |
| description | Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) is a purely electronic method of thermodynamic thermometry. In primary JNT, the temperature is inferred from a comparison of the Johnson noise voltage of a resistor at the unknown temperature with a pseudo-random noise synthesized by a quantum-based voltage-noise source (QVNS). The advantages of the method are that it relies entirely on electronic measurements, and it can be used over a wide range of temperatures due to the ability of the QVNS to generate programmable, scalable, and accurate reference signals. The disadvantages are the requirement of cryogenic operation of the QVNS, the need to match the frequency responses of the leads of the sense resistor and the QVNS, and long measurement times. This review collates advice on current best practice for a primary JNT based on the switched correlator and QVNS. The method achieves an uncertainty of about 1 mK near 300 K and is suited to operation between 4 K and 1000 K. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1088/1681-7575/ad2273 |
| format | Article |
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In primary JNT, the temperature is inferred from a comparison of the Johnson noise voltage of a resistor at the unknown temperature with a pseudo-random noise synthesized by a quantum-based voltage-noise source (QVNS). The advantages of the method are that it relies entirely on electronic measurements, and it can be used over a wide range of temperatures due to the ability of the QVNS to generate programmable, scalable, and accurate reference signals. The disadvantages are the requirement of cryogenic operation of the QVNS, the need to match the frequency responses of the leads of the sense resistor and the QVNS, and long measurement times. This review collates advice on current best practice for a primary JNT based on the switched correlator and QVNS. 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| subjects | Best practice Electric potential international system of units Johnson noise Josephson effect Mise en Pratique for the kelvin Pseudorandom Random noise Reference signals Resistors Thermal noise thermodynamic temperature Thermometry Voltage |
| title | Practical realisation of the kelvin by Johnson noise thermometry |
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