Elementary excitations in a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate
While a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) has been experimentally observed, its elementary excitations remain unclear in the stripe phase. Here, we systematically study the elementary excitations in three distinct phases of a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 BEC. We find that the exc...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | New journal of physics 2022-07, Vol.24 (7), p.73041 |
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| creator | Chen, Yuanyuan Lyu, Hao Xu, Yong Zhang, Yongping |
| description | While a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) has been experimentally observed, its elementary excitations remain unclear in the stripe phase. Here, we systematically study the elementary excitations in three distinct phases of a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 BEC. We find that the excitation spectrum as well as the corresponding static response function and structure factor depend strongly on spin–orbit coupling parameters such as the quadratic Zeeman field and the Rabi frequency. In the stripe phase, besides two gapless Goldstone modes, we show the existence of roton excitations. Finally, we demonstrate that quantum phase transitions between these different phases including the zero-momentum, plane wave and stripe phases are characterized by the sound velocities and the quantum depletion. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1088/1367-2630/ac7fb1 |
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Here, we systematically study the elementary excitations in three distinct phases of a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 BEC. We find that the excitation spectrum as well as the corresponding static response function and structure factor depend strongly on spin–orbit coupling parameters such as the quadratic Zeeman field and the Rabi frequency. In the stripe phase, besides two gapless Goldstone modes, we show the existence of roton excitations. Finally, we demonstrate that quantum phase transitions between these different phases including the zero-momentum, plane wave and stripe phases are characterized by the sound velocities and the quantum depletion.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1367-2630</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1367-2630</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ac7fb1</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NJOPFM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bristol: IOP Publishing</publisher><subject>Acoustic velocity ; Bose-Einstein condensates ; Bose–Einstein condensate ; Depletion ; Elementary excitations ; Excitation spectra ; Lasers ; Phase transitions ; Phases ; Physics ; Plane waves ; Rabi frequency ; Response functions ; Spin-orbit interactions ; spin–orbit-coupling ; Structure factor ; Symmetry</subject><ispartof>New journal of physics, 2022-07, Vol.24 (7), p.73041</ispartof><rights>2022 The Author(s). 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Phys</addtitle><description>While a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) has been experimentally observed, its elementary excitations remain unclear in the stripe phase. Here, we systematically study the elementary excitations in three distinct phases of a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 BEC. We find that the excitation spectrum as well as the corresponding static response function and structure factor depend strongly on spin–orbit coupling parameters such as the quadratic Zeeman field and the Rabi frequency. In the stripe phase, besides two gapless Goldstone modes, we show the existence of roton excitations. Finally, we demonstrate that quantum phase transitions between these different phases including the zero-momentum, plane wave and stripe phases are characterized by the sound velocities and the quantum depletion.</description><subject>Acoustic velocity</subject><subject>Bose-Einstein condensates</subject><subject>Bose–Einstein condensate</subject><subject>Depletion</subject><subject>Elementary excitations</subject><subject>Excitation spectra</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Phase transitions</subject><subject>Phases</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Plane waves</subject><subject>Rabi frequency</subject><subject>Response functions</subject><subject>Spin-orbit interactions</subject><subject>spin–orbit-coupling</subject><subject>Structure factor</subject><subject>Symmetry</subject><issn>1367-2630</issn><issn>1367-2630</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>O3W</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kcFuEzEQhlcIJNrAneNKPXDp0rG9sTdHWgWoVAkJwdmatcfIUWJvbUdqb7xD35AnqZNFhUPFaazf_3xj_9M07xh8YDAMF0xI1XEp4AKNciN70Zw8SS__Ob9uTnPeADA2cH7SfFtvaUehYLpv6c74gsXHkFsfWmzz5MPvXw8xjb50Ju6nLdmj2LH2Mmaqd2sfcqHqNjFYChkLvWleOdxmevunLpofn9bfr750N18_X199vOlM3w-ls44DWy5xiU7U4kZhCAjFaN3ACEYm1QqYgJ4GK5E74j1HRqikQWkFF4vmeubaiBs9Jb-rn9ARvT4KMf3UmIo3W9KcOStXqgfOoUehRmuYwpVwQlYoiso6m1lTird7ykVv4j6F-nzNFYCSCvpVdcHsMinmnMg9TWWgD1vQh5j1IWY9b6G2nM8tPk5_mf-xv3_GHjaT5r1WGlTNg-nJOvEIRm-XuQ</recordid><startdate>20220701</startdate><enddate>20220701</enddate><creator>Chen, Yuanyuan</creator><creator>Lyu, Hao</creator><creator>Xu, Yong</creator><creator>Zhang, Yongping</creator><general>IOP Publishing</general><scope>O3W</scope><scope>TSCCA</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4946-6664</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3943-0596</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220701</creationdate><title>Elementary excitations in a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate</title><author>Chen, Yuanyuan ; 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Phys</addtitle><date>2022-07-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>73041</spage><pages>73041-</pages><issn>1367-2630</issn><eissn>1367-2630</eissn><coden>NJOPFM</coden><abstract>While a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) has been experimentally observed, its elementary excitations remain unclear in the stripe phase. Here, we systematically study the elementary excitations in three distinct phases of a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 BEC. We find that the excitation spectrum as well as the corresponding static response function and structure factor depend strongly on spin–orbit coupling parameters such as the quadratic Zeeman field and the Rabi frequency. In the stripe phase, besides two gapless Goldstone modes, we show the existence of roton excitations. 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| subjects | Acoustic velocity Bose-Einstein condensates Bose–Einstein condensate Depletion Elementary excitations Excitation spectra Lasers Phase transitions Phases Physics Plane waves Rabi frequency Response functions Spin-orbit interactions spin–orbit-coupling Structure factor Symmetry |
| title | Elementary excitations in a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate |
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