Nonvolatile electric-field-controlled anomalous Hall effect in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo film

We report on the electric-field-modulated anomalous Hall effect (AHE) under various temperatures in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.67Ti0.33O3 (PMN-PT) structures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The coercive field Hc and the magnetic compensation temperature TM are modulated by applying an electric field to the multilayer. The resistance ratio (ΔRxy/Rxy) plotted as a function of the symmetric bipolar electric field takes the form of a nonvolatile butterfly-like bipolar curve. The resonance field Hr of the ferromagnetic resonance spectra as a function of the applied electric field shows a typical butterfly-like shape, indicating that strain is the dominant effect in the electric-field-controlled AHE in the ferrimagnetic heterostructure. In addition, a four-state nonvolatile memory is observed upon simultaneous application of pulsed magnetic field and electric field. The results for the electric-field-controlled AHE should prove useful for research into the development of ultra-energy-efficient ferrimagnets.