Treatment of chronic moderate-to-severe non-malignant pain with polymer-coated extended-release morphine sulfate capsules

ABSTRACT Objective: To demonstrate the efficacy and tolerability of polymer-coated extended-release morphine sulfate (P-ERMS) (KADIAN*) for the treatment of chronic, moderate-to-severe, non-malignant pain in a community-based outpatient population not satisfactorily relieved with their current therapies. *KADIAN is a registered trademark of Alpharma Branded Products Division Inc., Piscataway, NJ Design: Phase IV, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint. Participants: Adults (N = 1428) with chronic, moderate-to-severe, non-malignant pain with visual numeric scale scores ≥ 4 (0 = no pain; 10 = worst pain). Interventions: Patients were randomized to P‐ERMS once daily in am or pm for a 4‐week treatment period. Dose increases were allowed; however, switching to twice-daily dosing was reserved until week 2. Main outcome measures: Improvement from baseline in pain and sleep scales (0–10) (after weeks 2 and 4), quality of life (physical and mental component summary scores of the SF-36v2 Health Survey) (week 4), and patient (weeks 2 and 4) and clinician (week 4) assessments of current therapy (–4 to +4). Patient satisfaction was assessed again 1 month after the study. Results: Approximately 70% of patients completed the study, with 2.4% (n = 34) discontinuing due to lack of efficacy, and 9.6% (n = 136) discontinuing due to an adverse event. Improvements were seen in pain and sleep scores, physical and mental component scores of the SF-36v2, and patient and clinician global assessment scores ( p < 0.0001, all assessments). Patients attained similar results regardless of am vs. pm dosing. More than half (55.4%) of patients were maintained on once-daily therapy, with the remainder on a twice-daily regimen, in accordance with the prescribing information. Most adverse events (71.6%) were mild to moderate in severity, the most common being constipation (11.6%) and nausea (9.2%). One‐month follow-up indicated continued satisfaction with P‐ERMS vs. previous medication ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions: P‐ERMS was efficacious and well tolerated in patients with chronic, moderate-to-severe, non-malignant pain when used once or twice daily.