An Examination of Patterns of Drug Use in Six Suburban Groups

An investigation into the patterns of drug use of drug users was conducted across six specific groups in a northeastern suburb and at a state university. Information was obtained concerning past and present frequency of use, location of use and procurement, and availability and source of procurement...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of the addictions 1975, Vol.10 (3), p.521-538
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description An investigation into the patterns of drug use of drug users was conducted across six specific groups in a northeastern suburb and at a state university. Information was obtained concerning past and present frequency of use, location of use and procurement, and availability and source of procurement. Relative similarities and differences in patterns of drug use as understood through the resulting group and drug matrix is discussed. Summarizing the responses to the questions on drug use, the following seem to be true. There is reported greater use in the past of all drugs than in the present. Tobacco and alcohol are the most frequently used drugs. Across groups, marijuana is the third most used drug with heroin, cocaine, and hallucinogens being the least used. Adults are the most frequent users of tobacco and alcohol, while college students are the most frequent users of marijuana. Junior high students report the least frequent use of all drugs (Table 6). Alcohol and tobacco are most typically obtained by most respondents at a commercial location from a commercial dealer. These two drugs are also the most easy to obtain. Junior and senior high students do tend to obtain these drugs at home from their parents and friends. These drugs are also most frequently used at home by all groups with the exception of junior and senior high students who mentioned using both drugs in noncommercial locations as well as at home. Marijuana is the next most available drug across groups and is reported as being obtained by students most typically from friends or acquaintances, either at the university or at a local school. University students most frequently indicated use in a friend's room. Barbiturates and amphetamines were less available than marijuana, but more available than heroin, cocaine, and hallucinogens to students. These two drugs are typically obtained from friends and acquaintances, either at the university (junior high), or at a commercial location (senior high), or at a local school (junior and senior). Typical places of use are the home or dorm room (school and college students), commercial locations (junior high), local school (junior and senior high), and friend's home or dorm room (senior high or college student). Least available and used are heroin, cocaine, and hallucinogens. The trends of use and purchase suggest that they are obtained at the same general types of places that barbiturates and amphetamines are obtained, with some more dependence on the u
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Information was obtained concerning past and present frequency of use, location of use and procurement, and availability and source of procurement. Relative similarities and differences in patterns of drug use as understood through the resulting group and drug matrix is discussed. Summarizing the responses to the questions on drug use, the following seem to be true. There is reported greater use in the past of all drugs than in the present. Tobacco and alcohol are the most frequently used drugs. Across groups, marijuana is the third most used drug with heroin, cocaine, and hallucinogens being the least used. Adults are the most frequent users of tobacco and alcohol, while college students are the most frequent users of marijuana. Junior high students report the least frequent use of all drugs (Table 6). Alcohol and tobacco are most typically obtained by most respondents at a commercial location from a commercial dealer. These two drugs are also the most easy to obtain. Junior and senior high students do tend to obtain these drugs at home from their parents and friends. These drugs are also most frequently used at home by all groups with the exception of junior and senior high students who mentioned using both drugs in noncommercial locations as well as at home. Marijuana is the next most available drug across groups and is reported as being obtained by students most typically from friends or acquaintances, either at the university or at a local school. University students most frequently indicated use in a friend's room. Barbiturates and amphetamines were less available than marijuana, but more available than heroin, cocaine, and hallucinogens to students. These two drugs are typically obtained from friends and acquaintances, either at the university (junior high), or at a commercial location (senior high), or at a local school (junior and senior). Typical places of use are the home or dorm room (school and college students), commercial locations (junior high), local school (junior and senior high), and friend's home or dorm room (senior high or college student). Least available and used are heroin, cocaine, and hallucinogens. The trends of use and purchase suggest that they are obtained at the same general types of places that barbiturates and amphetamines are obtained, with some more dependence on the university as the location of purchase of junior and senior high students. Similarly, there seems to be more use of these drugs at the university by secondary students than of other drugs. Commercial locations are also places of use for secondary students, while college students indicate their dorm rooms as the most typical place of use. In regard to interpretation of the data on these three drugs, since so few students reported current use, the reported material should be taken as merely suggestive and not necessarily representative. From the results and discussion above, it is possible to develop a picture of the differential patterns of drug use according to the six groups and eight drugs. Relative similarities and differences in patterns of drug use can be understood through the resulting group and drug matrix. Among the similarities in use across groups and drugs is that past use of drugs is greater than present use. This suggests there are many at all ages who will try or experiment with a drug or drugs and subsequently cease using that drug. Certainly the reasons for this cessation of use deserves further investigation. A second similarity in drug use across groups is that there appears to be some drugs which receive consistently high usage -relative to other drugs-while there are others which receive consistently low usage. Alcohol and tobacco fall into the former group, and cocaine and heroin are found in the latter group. Responses to the question on availability may explain both these consistencies as well as the inconsistencies across groups in usage of marijuana, barbiturates, and amphetamines. All groups indicate that alcohol and tobacco are readily available while heroin and cocaine are not. Variations in use across groups of marijuana, amphetamines, and barbiturates seem to correspond with variations in availability. It is interesting to note, too, that variations in use are also related to the source of the drug. That is to say, adults and college students who are able to obtain alcohol, amphetamines, and barbiturates legally indicate greater use of these drugs, proportionate to their use of other drugs, than do junior high students, in particular, but also senior high students. A further similarity in pattern of use across groups is in location of use. Certainly the private use of a drug within the confines of one's, or another's, own domicile (whether it be a home or a dorm room) appears to be the most common for all those surveyed. Thus, while use in public places (school, commercial locations, etc.) was indicated, it was almost uniformly (junior high students' use of marijuana was the only exception) a private location in which drugs were most commonly used. A striking difference in patterns of drug use across groups was evident in the way in which various drugs were obtained. Adult groups who could purchase amphetamines, barbiturates, and alcohol indicated, of course, that they obtained these drugs commercially. Secondary and university students turned to peers or older students for these drugs. Too, thesz noncommercial sources were generally indicated as being friends. There is no indication of drugs being obtained by these students from the stranger or the adult pusher who sells drugs to maintain someone's habit. A final difference in drug use comes in the relative frequency of use by drug and group across drugs and groups. First, as a student gets older, his use of drugs increases: more tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, amphetamines, barbiturates, and hallucinogens. Second, only marijuana and hallucinogens show a marked decrease in usage from university student to adult; tobacco, alcohol, amphetamines, and barbiturates show little change from the university student to the adult. Thus it would seem that as a child grows older, his use of these four drugs actually increases to a level commensurate with that of his adult models. Finally, it could be said that of the drugs surveyed here, marijuana and the hallucinogens seem to be the drugs of youth. For suburbia, it is the uppers, the downers, along with alcohol and tobacco that are the really "hard core" drugs. This profile of the patterns of drug use by groups in a suburban area can contribute much to understanding the who, what, and how of drug use and abuse. Further investigation into this area should provide more useful information that can be used to develop more sensible and realistic approaches to dealing with this national problem.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1082-6084</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0020-773X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-2491</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3109/10826087509026733</identifier><identifier>PMID: 1176229</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Informa UK Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Amphetamines ; Barbiturates ; Cannabis ; Cocaine ; Female ; Heroin Dependence - epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; New York ; Parents ; Smoking - epidemiology ; Students ; Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology ; Teaching ; Universities ; Urban Population</subject><ispartof>International journal of the addictions, 1975, Vol.10 (3), p.521-538</ispartof><rights>1975 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted 1975</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c350t-da5e41238a14b0bf26fb1fd3f6e72e5fef983f358d548622ac5d870ef754e47c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c350t-da5e41238a14b0bf26fb1fd3f6e72e5fef983f358d548622ac5d870ef754e47c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/10826087509026733$$EPDF$$P50$$Ginformahealthcare$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/10826087509026733$$EHTML$$P50$$Ginformahealthcare$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,4010,27904,27905,27906,61200,61235,61381,61416</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1176229$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Calhoun, James F.</creatorcontrib><title>An Examination of Patterns of Drug Use in Six Suburban Groups</title><title>International journal of the addictions</title><addtitle>Int J Addict</addtitle><description>An investigation into the patterns of drug use of drug users was conducted across six specific groups in a northeastern suburb and at a state university. Information was obtained concerning past and present frequency of use, location of use and procurement, and availability and source of procurement. Relative similarities and differences in patterns of drug use as understood through the resulting group and drug matrix is discussed. Summarizing the responses to the questions on drug use, the following seem to be true. There is reported greater use in the past of all drugs than in the present. Tobacco and alcohol are the most frequently used drugs. Across groups, marijuana is the third most used drug with heroin, cocaine, and hallucinogens being the least used. Adults are the most frequent users of tobacco and alcohol, while college students are the most frequent users of marijuana. Junior high students report the least frequent use of all drugs (Table 6). Alcohol and tobacco are most typically obtained by most respondents at a commercial location from a commercial dealer. These two drugs are also the most easy to obtain. Junior and senior high students do tend to obtain these drugs at home from their parents and friends. These drugs are also most frequently used at home by all groups with the exception of junior and senior high students who mentioned using both drugs in noncommercial locations as well as at home. Marijuana is the next most available drug across groups and is reported as being obtained by students most typically from friends or acquaintances, either at the university or at a local school. University students most frequently indicated use in a friend's room. Barbiturates and amphetamines were less available than marijuana, but more available than heroin, cocaine, and hallucinogens to students. These two drugs are typically obtained from friends and acquaintances, either at the university (junior high), or at a commercial location (senior high), or at a local school (junior and senior). Typical places of use are the home or dorm room (school and college students), commercial locations (junior high), local school (junior and senior high), and friend's home or dorm room (senior high or college student). Least available and used are heroin, cocaine, and hallucinogens. The trends of use and purchase suggest that they are obtained at the same general types of places that barbiturates and amphetamines are obtained, with some more dependence on the university as the location of purchase of junior and senior high students. Similarly, there seems to be more use of these drugs at the university by secondary students than of other drugs. Commercial locations are also places of use for secondary students, while college students indicate their dorm rooms as the most typical place of use. In regard to interpretation of the data on these three drugs, since so few students reported current use, the reported material should be taken as merely suggestive and not necessarily representative. From the results and discussion above, it is possible to develop a picture of the differential patterns of drug use according to the six groups and eight drugs. Relative similarities and differences in patterns of drug use can be understood through the resulting group and drug matrix. Among the similarities in use across groups and drugs is that past use of drugs is greater than present use. This suggests there are many at all ages who will try or experiment with a drug or drugs and subsequently cease using that drug. Certainly the reasons for this cessation of use deserves further investigation. A second similarity in drug use across groups is that there appears to be some drugs which receive consistently high usage -relative to other drugs-while there are others which receive consistently low usage. Alcohol and tobacco fall into the former group, and cocaine and heroin are found in the latter group. Responses to the question on availability may explain both these consistencies as well as the inconsistencies across groups in usage of marijuana, barbiturates, and amphetamines. All groups indicate that alcohol and tobacco are readily available while heroin and cocaine are not. Variations in use across groups of marijuana, amphetamines, and barbiturates seem to correspond with variations in availability. It is interesting to note, too, that variations in use are also related to the source of the drug. That is to say, adults and college students who are able to obtain alcohol, amphetamines, and barbiturates legally indicate greater use of these drugs, proportionate to their use of other drugs, than do junior high students, in particular, but also senior high students. A further similarity in pattern of use across groups is in location of use. Certainly the private use of a drug within the confines of one's, or another's, own domicile (whether it be a home or a dorm room) appears to be the most common for all those surveyed. Thus, while use in public places (school, commercial locations, etc.) was indicated, it was almost uniformly (junior high students' use of marijuana was the only exception) a private location in which drugs were most commonly used. A striking difference in patterns of drug use across groups was evident in the way in which various drugs were obtained. Adult groups who could purchase amphetamines, barbiturates, and alcohol indicated, of course, that they obtained these drugs commercially. Secondary and university students turned to peers or older students for these drugs. Too, thesz noncommercial sources were generally indicated as being friends. There is no indication of drugs being obtained by these students from the stranger or the adult pusher who sells drugs to maintain someone's habit. A final difference in drug use comes in the relative frequency of use by drug and group across drugs and groups. First, as a student gets older, his use of drugs increases: more tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, amphetamines, barbiturates, and hallucinogens. Second, only marijuana and hallucinogens show a marked decrease in usage from university student to adult; tobacco, alcohol, amphetamines, and barbiturates show little change from the university student to the adult. Thus it would seem that as a child grows older, his use of these four drugs actually increases to a level commensurate with that of his adult models. Finally, it could be said that of the drugs surveyed here, marijuana and the hallucinogens seem to be the drugs of youth. For suburbia, it is the uppers, the downers, along with alcohol and tobacco that are the really "hard core" drugs. This profile of the patterns of drug use by groups in a suburban area can contribute much to understanding the who, what, and how of drug use and abuse. Further investigation into this area should provide more useful information that can be used to develop more sensible and realistic approaches to dealing with this national problem.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking</subject><subject>Amphetamines</subject><subject>Barbiturates</subject><subject>Cannabis</subject><subject>Cocaine</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Heroin Dependence - epidemiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>New York</subject><subject>Parents</subject><subject>Smoking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Students</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Teaching</subject><subject>Universities</subject><subject>Urban Population</subject><issn>1082-6084</issn><issn>0020-773X</issn><issn>1532-2491</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1975</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9UN1KwzAYDaLMOX0AL4S8QDVffpoU8WJscwoDhbnrkraJ61jTkbQw396MCl4IXn0Hzg_fOQjdArlnQLIHIIqmRElBMkJTydgZGoNgNKE8g_OII59EAb9EVyHsCAEFDEZoBCBTSrMxepo6vDjqpna6q1uHW4vfddcZ78IJz33_iTfB4NrhdX3E677ofaEdXvq2P4RrdGH1PpibnztBm-fFx-wlWb0tX2fTVVIyQbqk0sJwoExp4AUpLE1tAbZiNjWSGmGNzRSzTKhKcBX_0qWolCTGSsENlyWbIBhyS9-G4I3ND75utP_KgeSnJfI_S0TP3eA59EVjql_HUD3yjwNfO9v6Rm-N3nfbUnuT79reu9jnn_RvRsBqFg</recordid><startdate>1975</startdate><enddate>1975</enddate><creator>Calhoun, James F.</creator><general>Informa UK Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>1975</creationdate><title>An Examination of Patterns of Drug Use in Six Suburban Groups</title><author>Calhoun, James F.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c350t-da5e41238a14b0bf26fb1fd3f6e72e5fef983f358d548622ac5d870ef754e47c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1975</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Alcohol Drinking</topic><topic>Amphetamines</topic><topic>Barbiturates</topic><topic>Cannabis</topic><topic>Cocaine</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Heroin Dependence - epidemiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>New York</topic><topic>Parents</topic><topic>Smoking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Students</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Teaching</topic><topic>Universities</topic><topic>Urban Population</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Calhoun, James F.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>International journal of the addictions</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Calhoun, James F.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>An Examination of Patterns of Drug Use in Six Suburban Groups</atitle><jtitle>International journal of the addictions</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Addict</addtitle><date>1975</date><risdate>1975</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>521</spage><epage>538</epage><pages>521-538</pages><issn>1082-6084</issn><issn>0020-773X</issn><eissn>1532-2491</eissn><abstract>An investigation into the patterns of drug use of drug users was conducted across six specific groups in a northeastern suburb and at a state university. Information was obtained concerning past and present frequency of use, location of use and procurement, and availability and source of procurement. Relative similarities and differences in patterns of drug use as understood through the resulting group and drug matrix is discussed. Summarizing the responses to the questions on drug use, the following seem to be true. There is reported greater use in the past of all drugs than in the present. Tobacco and alcohol are the most frequently used drugs. Across groups, marijuana is the third most used drug with heroin, cocaine, and hallucinogens being the least used. Adults are the most frequent users of tobacco and alcohol, while college students are the most frequent users of marijuana. Junior high students report the least frequent use of all drugs (Table 6). Alcohol and tobacco are most typically obtained by most respondents at a commercial location from a commercial dealer. These two drugs are also the most easy to obtain. Junior and senior high students do tend to obtain these drugs at home from their parents and friends. These drugs are also most frequently used at home by all groups with the exception of junior and senior high students who mentioned using both drugs in noncommercial locations as well as at home. Marijuana is the next most available drug across groups and is reported as being obtained by students most typically from friends or acquaintances, either at the university or at a local school. University students most frequently indicated use in a friend's room. Barbiturates and amphetamines were less available than marijuana, but more available than heroin, cocaine, and hallucinogens to students. These two drugs are typically obtained from friends and acquaintances, either at the university (junior high), or at a commercial location (senior high), or at a local school (junior and senior). Typical places of use are the home or dorm room (school and college students), commercial locations (junior high), local school (junior and senior high), and friend's home or dorm room (senior high or college student). Least available and used are heroin, cocaine, and hallucinogens. The trends of use and purchase suggest that they are obtained at the same general types of places that barbiturates and amphetamines are obtained, with some more dependence on the university as the location of purchase of junior and senior high students. Similarly, there seems to be more use of these drugs at the university by secondary students than of other drugs. Commercial locations are also places of use for secondary students, while college students indicate their dorm rooms as the most typical place of use. In regard to interpretation of the data on these three drugs, since so few students reported current use, the reported material should be taken as merely suggestive and not necessarily representative. From the results and discussion above, it is possible to develop a picture of the differential patterns of drug use according to the six groups and eight drugs. Relative similarities and differences in patterns of drug use can be understood through the resulting group and drug matrix. Among the similarities in use across groups and drugs is that past use of drugs is greater than present use. This suggests there are many at all ages who will try or experiment with a drug or drugs and subsequently cease using that drug. Certainly the reasons for this cessation of use deserves further investigation. A second similarity in drug use across groups is that there appears to be some drugs which receive consistently high usage -relative to other drugs-while there are others which receive consistently low usage. Alcohol and tobacco fall into the former group, and cocaine and heroin are found in the latter group. Responses to the question on availability may explain both these consistencies as well as the inconsistencies across groups in usage of marijuana, barbiturates, and amphetamines. All groups indicate that alcohol and tobacco are readily available while heroin and cocaine are not. Variations in use across groups of marijuana, amphetamines, and barbiturates seem to correspond with variations in availability. It is interesting to note, too, that variations in use are also related to the source of the drug. That is to say, adults and college students who are able to obtain alcohol, amphetamines, and barbiturates legally indicate greater use of these drugs, proportionate to their use of other drugs, than do junior high students, in particular, but also senior high students. A further similarity in pattern of use across groups is in location of use. Certainly the private use of a drug within the confines of one's, or another's, own domicile (whether it be a home or a dorm room) appears to be the most common for all those surveyed. Thus, while use in public places (school, commercial locations, etc.) was indicated, it was almost uniformly (junior high students' use of marijuana was the only exception) a private location in which drugs were most commonly used. A striking difference in patterns of drug use across groups was evident in the way in which various drugs were obtained. Adult groups who could purchase amphetamines, barbiturates, and alcohol indicated, of course, that they obtained these drugs commercially. Secondary and university students turned to peers or older students for these drugs. Too, thesz noncommercial sources were generally indicated as being friends. There is no indication of drugs being obtained by these students from the stranger or the adult pusher who sells drugs to maintain someone's habit. A final difference in drug use comes in the relative frequency of use by drug and group across drugs and groups. First, as a student gets older, his use of drugs increases: more tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, amphetamines, barbiturates, and hallucinogens. Second, only marijuana and hallucinogens show a marked decrease in usage from university student to adult; tobacco, alcohol, amphetamines, and barbiturates show little change from the university student to the adult. Thus it would seem that as a child grows older, his use of these four drugs actually increases to a level commensurate with that of his adult models. Finally, it could be said that of the drugs surveyed here, marijuana and the hallucinogens seem to be the drugs of youth. For suburbia, it is the uppers, the downers, along with alcohol and tobacco that are the really "hard core" drugs. This profile of the patterns of drug use by groups in a suburban area can contribute much to understanding the who, what, and how of drug use and abuse. Further investigation into this area should provide more useful information that can be used to develop more sensible and realistic approaches to dealing with this national problem.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Informa UK Ltd</pub><pmid>1176229</pmid><doi>10.3109/10826087509026733</doi><tpages>18</tpages></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 1082-6084
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source MEDLINE; Taylor & Francis:Master (3349 titles); Taylor & Francis Medical Library - CRKN
subjects Adolescent
Adult
Alcohol Drinking
Amphetamines
Barbiturates
Cannabis
Cocaine
Female
Heroin Dependence - epidemiology
Humans
Male
New York
Parents
Smoking - epidemiology
Students
Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology
Teaching
Universities
Urban Population
title An Examination of Patterns of Drug Use in Six Suburban Groups
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