3D-FOX-A 3D Transient Electromagnetic Code for Eddy Currents Computation in Superconducting Magnet Structures: DTT TF Fast Current Discharge Analysis
Bulky metallic structures are needed in the toroidal field (TF) superconducting magnets for fusion applications to withstand the large Lorentz forces acting on the winding. The pulsed coil operation during a plasma scenario and the fast current discharge, or a plasma disruption event in off-normal o...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE access 2022, Vol.10, p.129552-129563 |
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| creator | Bonifetto, Roberto De Bastiani, Marco Zanino, Roberto Zappatore, Andrea |
| description | Bulky metallic structures are needed in the toroidal field (TF) superconducting magnets for fusion applications to withstand the large Lorentz forces acting on the winding. The pulsed coil operation during a plasma scenario and the fast current discharge, or a plasma disruption event in off-normal operating conditions, cause transient magnetic fields, inducing eddy currents in the TF structures. The eddy currents generate heat in the structures heating in turn the winding pack, eroding the temperature margin: such power deposition is a key input for thermal-hydraulic (TH) analyses. However, the computation of eddy currents in fusion magnets is a challenging topic since a transient, fully 3D electromagnetic (EM) model is required. The EM problem is solved here by means of the finite element (FE) open source code FreeFEM++. First, the correct implementation of the EM problem is verified by means of suitable benchmarks against both simple analytical cases and the results obtained with state-of-the-art FE commercial codes on the DTT TF coil, used as a reference geometry. Then the EM code is applied to the evaluation of the magnetic fields and eddy currents induced in the same reference coil during the normal (static) and off-normal (transient) operation; the output of the EM analysis is used as input to the TH analysis carried out with the 4C code, aimed at computing the temperature margin evolution during the transient. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3226247 |
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The pulsed coil operation during a plasma scenario and the fast current discharge, or a plasma disruption event in off-normal operating conditions, cause transient magnetic fields, inducing eddy currents in the TF structures. The eddy currents generate heat in the structures heating in turn the winding pack, eroding the temperature margin: such power deposition is a key input for thermal-hydraulic (TH) analyses. However, the computation of eddy currents in fusion magnets is a challenging topic since a transient, fully 3D electromagnetic (EM) model is required. The EM problem is solved here by means of the finite element (FE) open source code FreeFEM++. First, the correct implementation of the EM problem is verified by means of suitable benchmarks against both simple analytical cases and the results obtained with state-of-the-art FE commercial codes on the DTT TF coil, used as a reference geometry. Then the EM code is applied to the evaluation of the magnetic fields and eddy currents induced in the same reference coil during the normal (static) and off-normal (transient) operation; the output of the EM analysis is used as input to the TH analysis carried out with the 4C code, aimed at computing the temperature margin evolution during the transient.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-3536</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-3536</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3226247</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IAECCG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Piscataway: IEEE</publisher><subject>Coils (windings) ; Computation ; Discharge ; Eddy currents ; electro-magnetics ; Lorentz force ; Magnetic domains ; Magnetic fields ; Magnetostatics ; Mathematical models ; nuclear fusion reactors ; numerical modeling ; Source code ; Superconducting magnets ; Superconductivity ; thermal-hydraulics ; Three dimensional models ; Tokamak devices ; Transient analysis ; Winding</subject><ispartof>IEEE access, 2022, Vol.10, p.129552-129563</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-9a45ceba9c70a1100f8448e2fed86c8e4f90e7670b1670c97763ecd0fcf791ec3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-9a45ceba9c70a1100f8448e2fed86c8e4f90e7670b1670c97763ecd0fcf791ec3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0334-8275 ; 0000-0002-3557-9177 ; 0000-0001-7308-0273</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9983824$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,860,2096,4010,27610,27900,27901,27902,54908</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bonifetto, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Bastiani, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zanino, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zappatore, Andrea</creatorcontrib><title>3D-FOX-A 3D Transient Electromagnetic Code for Eddy Currents Computation in Superconducting Magnet Structures: DTT TF Fast Current Discharge Analysis</title><title>IEEE access</title><addtitle>Access</addtitle><description>Bulky metallic structures are needed in the toroidal field (TF) superconducting magnets for fusion applications to withstand the large Lorentz forces acting on the winding. The pulsed coil operation during a plasma scenario and the fast current discharge, or a plasma disruption event in off-normal operating conditions, cause transient magnetic fields, inducing eddy currents in the TF structures. The eddy currents generate heat in the structures heating in turn the winding pack, eroding the temperature margin: such power deposition is a key input for thermal-hydraulic (TH) analyses. However, the computation of eddy currents in fusion magnets is a challenging topic since a transient, fully 3D electromagnetic (EM) model is required. The EM problem is solved here by means of the finite element (FE) open source code FreeFEM++. First, the correct implementation of the EM problem is verified by means of suitable benchmarks against both simple analytical cases and the results obtained with state-of-the-art FE commercial codes on the DTT TF coil, used as a reference geometry. Then the EM code is applied to the evaluation of the magnetic fields and eddy currents induced in the same reference coil during the normal (static) and off-normal (transient) operation; the output of the EM analysis is used as input to the TH analysis carried out with the 4C code, aimed at computing the temperature margin evolution during the transient.</description><subject>Coils (windings)</subject><subject>Computation</subject><subject>Discharge</subject><subject>Eddy currents</subject><subject>electro-magnetics</subject><subject>Lorentz force</subject><subject>Magnetic domains</subject><subject>Magnetic fields</subject><subject>Magnetostatics</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>nuclear fusion reactors</subject><subject>numerical modeling</subject><subject>Source code</subject><subject>Superconducting magnets</subject><subject>Superconductivity</subject><subject>thermal-hydraulics</subject><subject>Three dimensional models</subject><subject>Tokamak devices</subject><subject>Transient analysis</subject><subject>Winding</subject><issn>2169-3536</issn><issn>2169-3536</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ESBDL</sourceid><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpNUctu2zAQFIoWaJDmC3IhkLNcvkSKvRmynQZIkYNVoDeCoZYODVt0SergD8n_honSoHvgLgYzs1hOVV0TvCAEq-_LrltvtwuKKV0wSgXl8lN1QYlQNWuY-Pzf_LW6SmmPS7UFauRF9cxW9ebhT71EbIX6aMbkYcxofQCbYzia3QjZW9SFAZALEa2H4Yy6KcbCSgU-nqZssg8j8iPaTieINozDZLMfd-jXmxxtcyzAFCH9QKu-R_0GbUzK_2zQyif7ZOIO0HI0h3Py6Vv1xZlDgqv3fln93qz77md9_3B71y3va8txm2tleGPh0SgrsSl_gV3LeQvUwdAK2wJ3CoMUEj-S8lglpWBgB-ysk4qAZZfV3ew7BLPXp-iPJp51MF6_ASHutInl_gNoYi1XDVO2oQM3nBjLHWBqQJUdAobidTN7nWL4O0HKeh-mWA5KmspGNIJIJguLzSwbQ0oR3MdWgvVrnHqOU7_Gqd_jLKrrWeUB4EOhVMtaytkLYWWcgQ</recordid><startdate>2022</startdate><enddate>2022</enddate><creator>Bonifetto, Roberto</creator><creator>De Bastiani, Marco</creator><creator>Zanino, Roberto</creator><creator>Zappatore, Andrea</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>ESBDL</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0334-8275</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3557-9177</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-0273</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2022</creationdate><title>3D-FOX-A 3D Transient Electromagnetic Code for Eddy Currents Computation in Superconducting Magnet Structures: DTT TF Fast Current Discharge Analysis</title><author>Bonifetto, Roberto ; De Bastiani, Marco ; Zanino, Roberto ; Zappatore, Andrea</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-9a45ceba9c70a1100f8448e2fed86c8e4f90e7670b1670c97763ecd0fcf791ec3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Coils (windings)</topic><topic>Computation</topic><topic>Discharge</topic><topic>Eddy currents</topic><topic>electro-magnetics</topic><topic>Lorentz force</topic><topic>Magnetic domains</topic><topic>Magnetic fields</topic><topic>Magnetostatics</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>nuclear fusion reactors</topic><topic>numerical modeling</topic><topic>Source code</topic><topic>Superconducting magnets</topic><topic>Superconductivity</topic><topic>thermal-hydraulics</topic><topic>Three dimensional models</topic><topic>Tokamak devices</topic><topic>Transient analysis</topic><topic>Winding</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bonifetto, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Bastiani, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zanino, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zappatore, Andrea</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE Open Access Journals</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>IEEE access</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bonifetto, Roberto</au><au>De Bastiani, Marco</au><au>Zanino, Roberto</au><au>Zappatore, Andrea</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>3D-FOX-A 3D Transient Electromagnetic Code for Eddy Currents Computation in Superconducting Magnet Structures: DTT TF Fast Current Discharge Analysis</atitle><jtitle>IEEE access</jtitle><stitle>Access</stitle><date>2022</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>10</volume><spage>129552</spage><epage>129563</epage><pages>129552-129563</pages><issn>2169-3536</issn><eissn>2169-3536</eissn><coden>IAECCG</coden><abstract>Bulky metallic structures are needed in the toroidal field (TF) superconducting magnets for fusion applications to withstand the large Lorentz forces acting on the winding. The pulsed coil operation during a plasma scenario and the fast current discharge, or a plasma disruption event in off-normal operating conditions, cause transient magnetic fields, inducing eddy currents in the TF structures. The eddy currents generate heat in the structures heating in turn the winding pack, eroding the temperature margin: such power deposition is a key input for thermal-hydraulic (TH) analyses. However, the computation of eddy currents in fusion magnets is a challenging topic since a transient, fully 3D electromagnetic (EM) model is required. The EM problem is solved here by means of the finite element (FE) open source code FreeFEM++. First, the correct implementation of the EM problem is verified by means of suitable benchmarks against both simple analytical cases and the results obtained with state-of-the-art FE commercial codes on the DTT TF coil, used as a reference geometry. Then the EM code is applied to the evaluation of the magnetic fields and eddy currents induced in the same reference coil during the normal (static) and off-normal (transient) operation; the output of the EM analysis is used as input to the TH analysis carried out with the 4C code, aimed at computing the temperature margin evolution during the transient.</abstract><cop>Piscataway</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3226247</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0334-8275</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3557-9177</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-0273</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Coils (windings) Computation Discharge Eddy currents electro-magnetics Lorentz force Magnetic domains Magnetic fields Magnetostatics Mathematical models nuclear fusion reactors numerical modeling Source code Superconducting magnets Superconductivity thermal-hydraulics Three dimensional models Tokamak devices Transient analysis Winding |
| title | 3D-FOX-A 3D Transient Electromagnetic Code for Eddy Currents Computation in Superconducting Magnet Structures: DTT TF Fast Current Discharge Analysis |
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