A Novel Reverberation Chamber for In Vitro Bioelectromagnetic Experiments at 3.5 GHz
In this article, a mode-stirred reverberation chamber (RC) was designed and proposed for the first time as a cell culture incubator for in vitro electromagnetic waves exposure of adherent cells in tissue culture plates (TCPs). Typical cell incubators require specific conditions, such as temperature...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility 2023-02, Vol.65 (1), p.39-50 |
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| creator | Orlacchio, Rosa Andrieu, Guillaume Joushomme, Alexandre Patrignoni, Lorenza Hurtier, Annabelle De Gannes, Florence Poulletier Lagroye, Isabelle Percherancier, Yann Arnaud-Cormos, Delia Leveque, Philippe |
| description | In this article, a mode-stirred reverberation chamber (RC) was designed and proposed for the first time as a cell culture incubator for in vitro electromagnetic waves exposure of adherent cells in tissue culture plates (TCPs). Typical cell incubators require specific conditions, such as temperature of 37 °C and humidity rate of 95%, which are challenging conditions for an RC. The chamber was characterized as an RC through an innovative experimental methodology based on the measurements of the S 11 parameter of the emitting antenna. The proposed RC is adapted for in vitro bioelectromagnetic experiments for simultaneous exposure of up to 10 TCPs under highly homogeneous exposure conditions at 3.5 GHz, i.e., the mid-frequency band of the 5G telecommunication networks. Experimental results showed that the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the exposed samples extracted from temperature measurements was similar (an acceptable maximum variation lower than 30% was observed) in reason of the homogeneity and the uniformity of the field within the chamber. Specifically, measured SAR values were around 1.5 and 1 W/kg per 1 W incident, in 6-well or 96-well plates used for biological exposure, respectively. To validate our system, numerical simulations were performed. Overall, we showed that experimental and numerical SARs are in good agreement with differences |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TEMC.2022.3216045 |
| format | Article |
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Typical cell incubators require specific conditions, such as temperature of 37 °C and humidity rate of 95%, which are challenging conditions for an RC. The chamber was characterized as an RC through an innovative experimental methodology based on the measurements of the S 11 parameter of the emitting antenna. The proposed RC is adapted for in vitro bioelectromagnetic experiments for simultaneous exposure of up to 10 TCPs under highly homogeneous exposure conditions at 3.5 GHz, i.e., the mid-frequency band of the 5G telecommunication networks. Experimental results showed that the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the exposed samples extracted from temperature measurements was similar (an acceptable maximum variation lower than 30% was observed) in reason of the homogeneity and the uniformity of the field within the chamber. Specifically, measured SAR values were around 1.5 and 1 W/kg per 1 W incident, in 6-well or 96-well plates used for biological exposure, respectively. To validate our system, numerical simulations were performed. Overall, we showed that experimental and numerical SARs are in good agreement with differences <30% considering the standard deviation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9375</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-187X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2022.3216045</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IEMCAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject><![CDATA[<named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" content-type="math" xlink:type="simple"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> in vitro</tex-math> </inline-formula> </named-content> exposure ; Antenna measurements ; Biology ; cell culture incubator ; Electromagnetic radiation ; Engineering Sciences ; Exposure ; Frequencies ; Frequency measurement ; Homogeneity ; In vitro ; mode stirrer ; Plastics ; Plates ; Q-factor ; reverberation chamber (RC) ; Reverberation chambers ; specific absorption rate (SAR) ; Temperature measurement ; well-stirred (WS) condition]]></subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility, 2023-02, Vol.65 (1), p.39-50</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2023</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c327t-3ff0cc869e7011a12f67e540167c4013668253fa64ce5829c6aa46273c94819d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c327t-3ff0cc869e7011a12f67e540167c4013668253fa64ce5829c6aa46273c94819d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9771-3343 ; 0000-0002-3093-7334 ; 0000-0002-5367-9745 ; 0000-0003-3687-436X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9975146$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,792,881,27901,27902,54733</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9975146$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://cnrs.hal.science/hal-04284652$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Orlacchio, Rosa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrieu, Guillaume</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joushomme, Alexandre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patrignoni, Lorenza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hurtier, Annabelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Gannes, Florence Poulletier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lagroye, Isabelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Percherancier, Yann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arnaud-Cormos, Delia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leveque, Philippe</creatorcontrib><title>A Novel Reverberation Chamber for In Vitro Bioelectromagnetic Experiments at 3.5 GHz</title><title>IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility</title><addtitle>TEMC</addtitle><description>In this article, a mode-stirred reverberation chamber (RC) was designed and proposed for the first time as a cell culture incubator for in vitro electromagnetic waves exposure of adherent cells in tissue culture plates (TCPs). Typical cell incubators require specific conditions, such as temperature of 37 °C and humidity rate of 95%, which are challenging conditions for an RC. The chamber was characterized as an RC through an innovative experimental methodology based on the measurements of the S 11 parameter of the emitting antenna. The proposed RC is adapted for in vitro bioelectromagnetic experiments for simultaneous exposure of up to 10 TCPs under highly homogeneous exposure conditions at 3.5 GHz, i.e., the mid-frequency band of the 5G telecommunication networks. Experimental results showed that the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the exposed samples extracted from temperature measurements was similar (an acceptable maximum variation lower than 30% was observed) in reason of the homogeneity and the uniformity of the field within the chamber. Specifically, measured SAR values were around 1.5 and 1 W/kg per 1 W incident, in 6-well or 96-well plates used for biological exposure, respectively. 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(IEEE)</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>VOOES</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-3343</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-7334</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5367-9745</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3687-436X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230201</creationdate><title>A Novel Reverberation Chamber for In Vitro Bioelectromagnetic Experiments at 3.5 GHz</title><author>Orlacchio, Rosa ; Andrieu, Guillaume ; Joushomme, Alexandre ; Patrignoni, Lorenza ; Hurtier, Annabelle ; De Gannes, Florence Poulletier ; Lagroye, Isabelle ; Percherancier, Yann ; Arnaud-Cormos, Delia ; Leveque, Philippe</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c327t-3ff0cc869e7011a12f67e540167c4013668253fa64ce5829c6aa46273c94819d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic><![CDATA[<named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" content-type="math" xlink:type="simple"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> in vitro</tex-math> </inline-formula> </named-content> exposure]]></topic><topic>Antenna measurements</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>cell culture incubator</topic><topic>Electromagnetic radiation</topic><topic>Engineering Sciences</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Frequencies</topic><topic>Frequency measurement</topic><topic>Homogeneity</topic><topic>In vitro</topic><topic>mode stirrer</topic><topic>Plastics</topic><topic>Plates</topic><topic>Q-factor</topic><topic>reverberation chamber (RC)</topic><topic>Reverberation chambers</topic><topic>specific absorption rate (SAR)</topic><topic>Temperature measurement</topic><topic>well-stirred (WS) condition</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Orlacchio, Rosa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrieu, Guillaume</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joushomme, Alexandre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patrignoni, Lorenza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hurtier, Annabelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Gannes, Florence Poulletier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lagroye, Isabelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Percherancier, Yann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arnaud-Cormos, Delia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leveque, Philippe</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Orlacchio, Rosa</au><au>Andrieu, Guillaume</au><au>Joushomme, Alexandre</au><au>Patrignoni, Lorenza</au><au>Hurtier, Annabelle</au><au>De Gannes, Florence Poulletier</au><au>Lagroye, Isabelle</au><au>Percherancier, Yann</au><au>Arnaud-Cormos, Delia</au><au>Leveque, Philippe</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Novel Reverberation Chamber for In Vitro Bioelectromagnetic Experiments at 3.5 GHz</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility</jtitle><stitle>TEMC</stitle><date>2023-02-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>65</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>39</spage><epage>50</epage><pages>39-50</pages><issn>0018-9375</issn><eissn>1558-187X</eissn><coden>IEMCAE</coden><abstract>In this article, a mode-stirred reverberation chamber (RC) was designed and proposed for the first time as a cell culture incubator for in vitro electromagnetic waves exposure of adherent cells in tissue culture plates (TCPs). Typical cell incubators require specific conditions, such as temperature of 37 °C and humidity rate of 95%, which are challenging conditions for an RC. The chamber was characterized as an RC through an innovative experimental methodology based on the measurements of the S 11 parameter of the emitting antenna. The proposed RC is adapted for in vitro bioelectromagnetic experiments for simultaneous exposure of up to 10 TCPs under highly homogeneous exposure conditions at 3.5 GHz, i.e., the mid-frequency band of the 5G telecommunication networks. Experimental results showed that the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the exposed samples extracted from temperature measurements was similar (an acceptable maximum variation lower than 30% was observed) in reason of the homogeneity and the uniformity of the field within the chamber. Specifically, measured SAR values were around 1.5 and 1 W/kg per 1 W incident, in 6-well or 96-well plates used for biological exposure, respectively. To validate our system, numerical simulations were performed. Overall, we showed that experimental and numerical SARs are in good agreement with differences <30% considering the standard deviation.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TEMC.2022.3216045</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-3343</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-7334</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5367-9745</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3687-436X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | <named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" content-type="math" xlink:type="simple"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> in vitro</tex-math> </inline-formula> </named-content> exposure Antenna measurements Biology cell culture incubator Electromagnetic radiation Engineering Sciences Exposure Frequencies Frequency measurement Homogeneity In vitro mode stirrer Plastics Plates Q-factor reverberation chamber (RC) Reverberation chambers specific absorption rate (SAR) Temperature measurement well-stirred (WS) condition |
| title | A Novel Reverberation Chamber for In Vitro Bioelectromagnetic Experiments at 3.5 GHz |
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