A Four-Way Series Doherty Digital Polar Transmitter at mm-Wave Frequencies
This article presents an efficient digital polar transmitter (DPTX) at mm-wave frequencies that exploit a novel N -way series Doherty combiner (SDC) to enhance its drain and system efficiency at deep power back-off (PBO). The proposed N -way SDC is scalable and can be implemented elegantly using...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE journal of solid-state circuits 2022-03, Vol.57 (3), p.803-817 |
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| container_title | IEEE journal of solid-state circuits |
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| creator | Mortazavi, Mohsen Shen, Yiyu Mul, Dieuwert de Vreede, Leo C. N. Spirito, Marco Babaie, Masoud |
| description | This article presents an efficient digital polar transmitter (DPTX) at mm-wave frequencies that exploit a novel N -way series Doherty combiner (SDC) to enhance its drain and system efficiency at deep power back-off (PBO). The proposed N -way SDC is scalable and can be implemented elegantly using N transformers and N-1 shunt capacitors. As a proof of concept, a four-way Doherty DPTX is realized with the proposed SDC in which four identical but independent digital phase modulators deliver a phase-modulated constant envelope signal to their corresponding digital power amplifiers to perform the required amplitude modulation. Fabricated in a 40nm CMOS process, the proposed DPTX occupies a core area of 1.1 \mathrm {mm^{2}} and exhibits 18.7dBm saturated output power and |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/JSSC.2021.3133861 |
| format | Article |
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N. ; Spirito, Marco ; Babaie, Masoud</creator><creatorcontrib>Mortazavi, Mohsen ; Shen, Yiyu ; Mul, Dieuwert ; de Vreede, Leo C. N. ; Spirito, Marco ; Babaie, Masoud</creatorcontrib><description><![CDATA[This article presents an efficient digital polar transmitter (DPTX) at mm-wave frequencies that exploit a novel <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula>-way series Doherty combiner (SDC) to enhance its drain and system efficiency at deep power back-off (PBO). The proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula>-way SDC is scalable and can be implemented elegantly using <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula> transformers and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N-1 </tex-math></inline-formula> shunt capacitors. As a proof of concept, a four-way Doherty DPTX is realized with the proposed SDC in which four identical but independent digital phase modulators deliver a phase-modulated constant envelope signal to their corresponding digital power amplifiers to perform the required amplitude modulation. Fabricated in a 40nm CMOS process, the proposed DPTX occupies a core area of 1.1 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mathrm {mm^{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula> and exhibits 18.7dBm saturated output power and <−40dBc LO feedthrough. It demonstrates a drain efficiency of 33%/36%/22% at 0/4.5/11.5dB PBO at a 29.5GHz carrier frequency. While transmitting a 300MHz 64-QAM OFDM signal with a peak-to-average power ratio of 10.7dB, the DPTX achieves 18%/8% average drain/system efficiency, −27.6dB error vector magnitude, and −27.5dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first reported mm-wave Doherty transmitter that includes the entire chain all the way from the binary data stream up to the modulated mm-wave output signal.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9200</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-173X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2021.3133861</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJSCBC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Amplitude modulation ; Baseband ; Digital phase modulator (DPM) ; digital polar transmitter (DPTX) ; digital power amplifier (DPA) ; Doherty design guide ; Impedance ; Linearity ; Millimeter waves ; millimeter-wave transmitter (TX) ; Modulators ; power amplifier (PA) ; Power amplifiers ; Power generation ; Resistance ; series Doherty combiner (SDC) ; Shunt capacitors ; Transformers ; Transmitters</subject><ispartof>IEEE journal of solid-state circuits, 2022-03, Vol.57 (3), p.803-817</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c293t-b11f86368a632c4308ad6038e5b6d05f51e7538df19678d3925036c5677298033</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c293t-b11f86368a632c4308ad6038e5b6d05f51e7538df19678d3925036c5677298033</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2306-7676 ; 0000-0001-7635-5324 ; 0000-0001-9128-2362 ; 0000-0002-5834-5461</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9675289$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,792,27903,27904,54737</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9675289$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mortazavi, Mohsen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Yiyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mul, Dieuwert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Vreede, Leo C. N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spirito, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Babaie, Masoud</creatorcontrib><title>A Four-Way Series Doherty Digital Polar Transmitter at mm-Wave Frequencies</title><title>IEEE journal of solid-state circuits</title><addtitle>JSSC</addtitle><description><![CDATA[This article presents an efficient digital polar transmitter (DPTX) at mm-wave frequencies that exploit a novel <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula>-way series Doherty combiner (SDC) to enhance its drain and system efficiency at deep power back-off (PBO). The proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula>-way SDC is scalable and can be implemented elegantly using <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula> transformers and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N-1 </tex-math></inline-formula> shunt capacitors. As a proof of concept, a four-way Doherty DPTX is realized with the proposed SDC in which four identical but independent digital phase modulators deliver a phase-modulated constant envelope signal to their corresponding digital power amplifiers to perform the required amplitude modulation. Fabricated in a 40nm CMOS process, the proposed DPTX occupies a core area of 1.1 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mathrm {mm^{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula> and exhibits 18.7dBm saturated output power and <−40dBc LO feedthrough. It demonstrates a drain efficiency of 33%/36%/22% at 0/4.5/11.5dB PBO at a 29.5GHz carrier frequency. While transmitting a 300MHz 64-QAM OFDM signal with a peak-to-average power ratio of 10.7dB, the DPTX achieves 18%/8% average drain/system efficiency, −27.6dB error vector magnitude, and −27.5dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first reported mm-wave Doherty transmitter that includes the entire chain all the way from the binary data stream up to the modulated mm-wave output signal.]]></description><subject>Amplitude modulation</subject><subject>Baseband</subject><subject>Digital phase modulator (DPM)</subject><subject>digital polar transmitter (DPTX)</subject><subject>digital power amplifier (DPA)</subject><subject>Doherty design guide</subject><subject>Impedance</subject><subject>Linearity</subject><subject>Millimeter waves</subject><subject>millimeter-wave transmitter (TX)</subject><subject>Modulators</subject><subject>power amplifier (PA)</subject><subject>Power amplifiers</subject><subject>Power generation</subject><subject>Resistance</subject><subject>series Doherty combiner (SDC)</subject><subject>Shunt capacitors</subject><subject>Transformers</subject><subject>Transmitters</subject><issn>0018-9200</issn><issn>1558-173X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kE1LAzEQhoMoWKs_QLwEPG_NZDbZ5Fhaq5aCQit6C-luVrd0uzVJhf57U1o8DQPvMx8PIbfABgBMP0zn89GAMw4DBEQl4Yz0QAiVQYGf56THGKhMc8YuyVUIq9TmuYIemQ7ppNv57MPu6dz5xgU67r6dj3s6br6aaNf0rVtbTxfebkLbxOg8tZG2bUJ-HZ1497NzmzKB1-Situvgbk61T94nj4vRczZ7fXoZDWdZyTXGbAlQK4lSWYm8zJEpW0mGyomlrJioBbhCoKpq0LJQFWouGMpSyKLgWjHEPrk_zt36Lu0O0azSB5u00nCJoIXCIk8pOKZK34XgXW22vmmt3xtg5qDMHJSZgzJzUpaYuyPTOOf-8-kMwZXGP4-QZPk</recordid><startdate>20220301</startdate><enddate>20220301</enddate><creator>Mortazavi, Mohsen</creator><creator>Shen, Yiyu</creator><creator>Mul, Dieuwert</creator><creator>de Vreede, Leo C. N.</creator><creator>Spirito, Marco</creator><creator>Babaie, Masoud</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-7676</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-5324</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9128-2362</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-5461</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220301</creationdate><title>A Four-Way Series Doherty Digital Polar Transmitter at mm-Wave Frequencies</title><author>Mortazavi, Mohsen ; Shen, Yiyu ; Mul, Dieuwert ; de Vreede, Leo C. N. ; Spirito, Marco ; Babaie, Masoud</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c293t-b11f86368a632c4308ad6038e5b6d05f51e7538df19678d3925036c5677298033</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Amplitude modulation</topic><topic>Baseband</topic><topic>Digital phase modulator (DPM)</topic><topic>digital polar transmitter (DPTX)</topic><topic>digital power amplifier (DPA)</topic><topic>Doherty design guide</topic><topic>Impedance</topic><topic>Linearity</topic><topic>Millimeter waves</topic><topic>millimeter-wave transmitter (TX)</topic><topic>Modulators</topic><topic>power amplifier (PA)</topic><topic>Power amplifiers</topic><topic>Power generation</topic><topic>Resistance</topic><topic>series Doherty combiner (SDC)</topic><topic>Shunt capacitors</topic><topic>Transformers</topic><topic>Transmitters</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mortazavi, Mohsen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Yiyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mul, Dieuwert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Vreede, Leo C. N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spirito, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Babaie, Masoud</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE/IET Electronic Library</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>IEEE journal of solid-state circuits</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mortazavi, Mohsen</au><au>Shen, Yiyu</au><au>Mul, Dieuwert</au><au>de Vreede, Leo C. N.</au><au>Spirito, Marco</au><au>Babaie, Masoud</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Four-Way Series Doherty Digital Polar Transmitter at mm-Wave Frequencies</atitle><jtitle>IEEE journal of solid-state circuits</jtitle><stitle>JSSC</stitle><date>2022-03-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>57</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>803</spage><epage>817</epage><pages>803-817</pages><issn>0018-9200</issn><eissn>1558-173X</eissn><coden>IJSCBC</coden><abstract><![CDATA[This article presents an efficient digital polar transmitter (DPTX) at mm-wave frequencies that exploit a novel <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula>-way series Doherty combiner (SDC) to enhance its drain and system efficiency at deep power back-off (PBO). The proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula>-way SDC is scalable and can be implemented elegantly using <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula> transformers and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N-1 </tex-math></inline-formula> shunt capacitors. As a proof of concept, a four-way Doherty DPTX is realized with the proposed SDC in which four identical but independent digital phase modulators deliver a phase-modulated constant envelope signal to their corresponding digital power amplifiers to perform the required amplitude modulation. Fabricated in a 40nm CMOS process, the proposed DPTX occupies a core area of 1.1 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mathrm {mm^{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula> and exhibits 18.7dBm saturated output power and <−40dBc LO feedthrough. It demonstrates a drain efficiency of 33%/36%/22% at 0/4.5/11.5dB PBO at a 29.5GHz carrier frequency. While transmitting a 300MHz 64-QAM OFDM signal with a peak-to-average power ratio of 10.7dB, the DPTX achieves 18%/8% average drain/system efficiency, −27.6dB error vector magnitude, and −27.5dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first reported mm-wave Doherty transmitter that includes the entire chain all the way from the binary data stream up to the modulated mm-wave output signal.]]></abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/JSSC.2021.3133861</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-7676</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-5324</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9128-2362</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-5461</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| source | IEEE/IET Electronic Library |
| subjects | Amplitude modulation Baseband Digital phase modulator (DPM) digital polar transmitter (DPTX) digital power amplifier (DPA) Doherty design guide Impedance Linearity Millimeter waves millimeter-wave transmitter (TX) Modulators power amplifier (PA) Power amplifiers Power generation Resistance series Doherty combiner (SDC) Shunt capacitors Transformers Transmitters |
| title | A Four-Way Series Doherty Digital Polar Transmitter at mm-Wave Frequencies |
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