The impact of Internet policy and topology on delayed routing convergence

This paper examines the role inter-domain topology and routing policy play in the process of delayed Internet routing convergence. In previous work, we showed that the Internet lacks effective inter-domain path fail-over. Unlike circuit-switched networks which exhibit fail-over on the order of milliseconds, we found Internet backbone routers may take tens of minutes to reach a consistent view of the network topology after a fault. In this paper, we expand an our earlier work by exploring the impact of specific Internet provider policies and topologies on the speed of routing convergence. Based on data from the experimental injection and measurement of several hundred thousand inter-domain routing faults, we show that the time for end-to-end Internet convergence depends on the length of the longest possible backup autonomous system path between a source and destination node. We also demonstrate significant variation in the convergence behavior of Internet service providers, with the larger providers exhibiting the fastest convergence latencies. Finally, we discuss possible modifications to BGP and provider routing policies which if deployed, would improve inter-domain routing convergence.