Leveraging Programmable Capacitor Arrays for Frequency-Tunable Digital Power Amplifiers
This article presents a digitally frequency-tunable switched-capacitor power amplifier (SCPA) in 65-nm CMOS. The operable frequency range spans from 1.4 to 2.5 GHz. The center frequency is tuned by a programmable capacitor array, widely available from both monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MM...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques 2020-06, Vol.68 (6), p.1983-1994 |
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| container_end_page | 1994 |
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| container_issue | 6 |
| container_start_page | 1983 |
| container_title | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques |
| container_volume | 68 |
| creator | Azam, Ali Bai, Zhidong Walling, Jeffrey S. |
| description | This article presents a digitally frequency-tunable switched-capacitor power amplifier (SCPA) in 65-nm CMOS. The operable frequency range spans from 1.4 to 2.5 GHz. The center frequency is tuned by a programmable capacitor array, widely available from both monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) and MEMS manufacturers. A prototype is able to achieve a peak output power of 21.7 dBm with a peak system efficiency (SE) of 38.8%, while achieving 58.8% fractional bandwidth. When transmitting a 20-MHz, 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) long-term evolution (LTE) signal, it outputs 14.1 dBm at 15.7% SE with a measured adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TMTT.2020.2976921 |
| format | Article |
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When transmitting a 20-MHz, 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) long-term evolution (LTE) signal, it outputs 14.1 dBm at 15.7% SE with a measured adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) <−30 dBc and error vector magnitude (EVM) of < 3.9% rms, without the use of digital predistortion (DPD).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9480</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1557-9670</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2020.2976921</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IETMAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Arrays ; Bandwidths ; Capacitors ; Class-D power amplifier (PA) ; CMOS ; digital PA (DPA) ; Frequency modulation ; Frequency ranges ; frequency tunable ; Integrated circuits ; MMIC (circuits) ; multiband PA ; OFDM ; Power amplifiers ; Power generation ; Quadrature amplitude modulation ; radio frequency (RF) DAC ; switched-capacitor PA (SCPA) ; Switches ; Wireless communication</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 2020-06, Vol.68 (6), p.1983-1994</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c336t-4655924fd397bc4361a821708f4ad29a6c5b981afe569ed9e6d0717feb13405f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c336t-4655924fd397bc4361a821708f4ad29a6c5b981afe569ed9e6d0717feb13405f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0863-4182</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9031746$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,797,27926,27927,54760</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9031746$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Azam, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Zhidong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walling, Jeffrey S.</creatorcontrib><title>Leveraging Programmable Capacitor Arrays for Frequency-Tunable Digital Power Amplifiers</title><title>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques</title><addtitle>TMTT</addtitle><description>This article presents a digitally frequency-tunable switched-capacitor power amplifier (SCPA) in 65-nm CMOS. The operable frequency range spans from 1.4 to 2.5 GHz. The center frequency is tuned by a programmable capacitor array, widely available from both monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) and MEMS manufacturers. A prototype is able to achieve a peak output power of 21.7 dBm with a peak system efficiency (SE) of 38.8%, while achieving 58.8% fractional bandwidth. When transmitting a 20-MHz, 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) long-term evolution (LTE) signal, it outputs 14.1 dBm at 15.7% SE with a measured adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) <−30 dBc and error vector magnitude (EVM) of < 3.9% rms, without the use of digital predistortion (DPD).</description><subject>Arrays</subject><subject>Bandwidths</subject><subject>Capacitors</subject><subject>Class-D power amplifier (PA)</subject><subject>CMOS</subject><subject>digital PA (DPA)</subject><subject>Frequency modulation</subject><subject>Frequency ranges</subject><subject>frequency tunable</subject><subject>Integrated circuits</subject><subject>MMIC (circuits)</subject><subject>multiband PA</subject><subject>OFDM</subject><subject>Power amplifiers</subject><subject>Power generation</subject><subject>Quadrature amplitude modulation</subject><subject>radio frequency (RF) DAC</subject><subject>switched-capacitor PA (SCPA)</subject><subject>Switches</subject><subject>Wireless communication</subject><issn>0018-9480</issn><issn>1557-9670</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kE1Lw0AQhhdRsFZ_gHgJeE7d780eS7UqVOwh4nHZJLNhS9LE3VTpvze1xdPMwPPODA9CtwTPCMH6IX_L8xnFFM-oVlJTcoYmRAiVaqnwOZpgTLJU8wxfoqsYN-PIBc4m6HMF3xBs7bd1sg5dHWzb2qKBZGF7W_qhC8k8BLuPiRvbZYCvHWzLfZrvtn_Yo6_9YJtk3f3AiLZ9452HEK_RhbNNhJtTnaKP5VO-eElX78-vi_kqLRmTQ8qlEJpyVzGtipIzSWxGicKZ47ai2spSFDoj1oGQGioNssKKKAcFYRwLx6bo_ri3D934WhzMptuF7XjSUE6wIDKTaqTIkSpDF2MAZ_rgWxv2hmBz8GcO_szBnzn5GzN3x4wHgH9eY0YUl-wX0ttsLg</recordid><startdate>20200601</startdate><enddate>20200601</enddate><creator>Azam, Ali</creator><creator>Bai, Zhidong</creator><creator>Walling, Jeffrey S.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0863-4182</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200601</creationdate><title>Leveraging Programmable Capacitor Arrays for Frequency-Tunable Digital Power Amplifiers</title><author>Azam, Ali ; Bai, Zhidong ; Walling, Jeffrey S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c336t-4655924fd397bc4361a821708f4ad29a6c5b981afe569ed9e6d0717feb13405f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Arrays</topic><topic>Bandwidths</topic><topic>Capacitors</topic><topic>Class-D power amplifier (PA)</topic><topic>CMOS</topic><topic>digital PA (DPA)</topic><topic>Frequency modulation</topic><topic>Frequency ranges</topic><topic>frequency tunable</topic><topic>Integrated circuits</topic><topic>MMIC (circuits)</topic><topic>multiband PA</topic><topic>OFDM</topic><topic>Power amplifiers</topic><topic>Power generation</topic><topic>Quadrature amplitude modulation</topic><topic>radio frequency (RF) DAC</topic><topic>switched-capacitor PA (SCPA)</topic><topic>Switches</topic><topic>Wireless communication</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Azam, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Zhidong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walling, Jeffrey S.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Azam, Ali</au><au>Bai, Zhidong</au><au>Walling, Jeffrey S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Leveraging Programmable Capacitor Arrays for Frequency-Tunable Digital Power Amplifiers</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques</jtitle><stitle>TMTT</stitle><date>2020-06-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>68</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1983</spage><epage>1994</epage><pages>1983-1994</pages><issn>0018-9480</issn><eissn>1557-9670</eissn><coden>IETMAB</coden><abstract>This article presents a digitally frequency-tunable switched-capacitor power amplifier (SCPA) in 65-nm CMOS. The operable frequency range spans from 1.4 to 2.5 GHz. The center frequency is tuned by a programmable capacitor array, widely available from both monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) and MEMS manufacturers. A prototype is able to achieve a peak output power of 21.7 dBm with a peak system efficiency (SE) of 38.8%, while achieving 58.8% fractional bandwidth. When transmitting a 20-MHz, 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) long-term evolution (LTE) signal, it outputs 14.1 dBm at 15.7% SE with a measured adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) <−30 dBc and error vector magnitude (EVM) of < 3.9% rms, without the use of digital predistortion (DPD).</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TMTT.2020.2976921</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0863-4182</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 2020-06, Vol.68 (6), p.1983-1994 |
| issn | 0018-9480 1557-9670 |
| language | eng |
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| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Arrays Bandwidths Capacitors Class-D power amplifier (PA) CMOS digital PA (DPA) Frequency modulation Frequency ranges frequency tunable Integrated circuits MMIC (circuits) multiband PA OFDM Power amplifiers Power generation Quadrature amplitude modulation radio frequency (RF) DAC switched-capacitor PA (SCPA) Switches Wireless communication |
| title | Leveraging Programmable Capacitor Arrays for Frequency-Tunable Digital Power Amplifiers |
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