Efficient Tm:LiYF4 Lasers at 2.3~\mu m: Effect of Energy-Transfer Upconversion
The 3 H 4 → 3 H 5 transition of Thulium ions (Tm 3+ ), which features laser emission at ~2.3 μm is studied in details. We revise the conditions for efficient laser operation using a rate-equation model accounting for the ground-state bleaching, cross-relaxation and energy-transfer upconversion (ETU)...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE journal of quantum electronics 2019-12, Vol.55 (6), p.1-12 |
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| container_title | IEEE journal of quantum electronics |
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| creator | Loiko, Pavel Camy, Patrice Soulard, Remi Guillemot, Lauren Brasse, Gurvan Doualan, Jean-Louis Braud, Alain Tyazhev, Aleksey Hideur, Ammar Druon, Frederic |
| description | The 3 H 4 → 3 H 5 transition of Thulium ions (Tm 3+ ), which features laser emission at ~2.3 μm is studied in details. We revise the conditions for efficient laser operation using a rate-equation model accounting for the ground-state bleaching, cross-relaxation and energy-transfer upconversion (ETU). We show that ETU has a crucial role in reaching more than unity pump quantum efficiency (QE) for ~2.3 μm Tm lasers based on highly-doped crystals. A Ti:Sapphire pumped quasicontinuous-wave 3.5 at.% Tm:LiYF 4 laser generated 0.73 W at 2306 nm with a record-high slope efficiency of 47.3% (versus the absorbed pump power, for double-pass pumping) featuring a QE of 1.27. Diode-pumping of this crystal yielded a peak output power of 2 W. The first 2.3 μm Tm waveguide laser is also reported based on Tm:LiYF 4 epitaxial layers with even higher doping of 6.2 at.% generating 0.23 W with a slope efficiency of 19.8%. The spectroscopic properties of Tm:LiYF 4 relevant for the ~2.3 μm laser operation are revised as well. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/JQE.2019.2943477 |
| format | Article |
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We revise the conditions for efficient laser operation using a rate-equation model accounting for the ground-state bleaching, cross-relaxation and energy-transfer upconversion (ETU). We show that ETU has a crucial role in reaching more than unity pump quantum efficiency (QE) for ~2.3 μm Tm lasers based on highly-doped crystals. A Ti:Sapphire pumped quasicontinuous-wave 3.5 at.% Tm:LiYF 4 laser generated 0.73 W at 2306 nm with a record-high slope efficiency of 47.3% (versus the absorbed pump power, for double-pass pumping) featuring a QE of 1.27. Diode-pumping of this crystal yielded a peak output power of 2 W. The first 2.3 μm Tm waveguide laser is also reported based on Tm:LiYF 4 epitaxial layers with even higher doping of 6.2 at.% generating 0.23 W with a slope efficiency of 19.8%. The spectroscopic properties of Tm:LiYF 4 relevant for the ~2.3 μm laser operation are revised as well.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9197</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2019.2943477</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IEJQA7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>IEEE</publisher><subject>Crystals ; Doping ; Ions ; Laser excitation ; Laser transitions ; mid-infrared ; Optics ; Physics ; Pump lasers ; Semiconductor lasers ; Solid-state lasers ; spectroscopy</subject><ispartof>IEEE journal of quantum electronics, 2019-12, Vol.55 (6), p.1-12</ispartof><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0001-6823-7643 ; 0000-0002-3255-5954 ; 0000-0001-5955-2473 ; 0000-0003-3832-0993 ; 0000-0002-4270-0668 ; 0000-0002-4357-7032</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8856238$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,792,881,27901,27902,54733</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8856238$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-02991525$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Loiko, Pavel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Camy, Patrice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soulard, Remi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guillemot, Lauren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brasse, Gurvan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doualan, Jean-Louis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Braud, Alain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tyazhev, Aleksey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hideur, Ammar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Druon, Frederic</creatorcontrib><title>Efficient Tm:LiYF4 Lasers at 2.3~\mu m: Effect of Energy-Transfer Upconversion</title><title>IEEE journal of quantum electronics</title><addtitle>JQE</addtitle><description>The 3 H 4 → 3 H 5 transition of Thulium ions (Tm 3+ ), which features laser emission at ~2.3 μm is studied in details. We revise the conditions for efficient laser operation using a rate-equation model accounting for the ground-state bleaching, cross-relaxation and energy-transfer upconversion (ETU). We show that ETU has a crucial role in reaching more than unity pump quantum efficiency (QE) for ~2.3 μm Tm lasers based on highly-doped crystals. A Ti:Sapphire pumped quasicontinuous-wave 3.5 at.% Tm:LiYF 4 laser generated 0.73 W at 2306 nm with a record-high slope efficiency of 47.3% (versus the absorbed pump power, for double-pass pumping) featuring a QE of 1.27. Diode-pumping of this crystal yielded a peak output power of 2 W. The first 2.3 μm Tm waveguide laser is also reported based on Tm:LiYF 4 epitaxial layers with even higher doping of 6.2 at.% generating 0.23 W with a slope efficiency of 19.8%. The spectroscopic properties of Tm:LiYF 4 relevant for the ~2.3 μm laser operation are revised as well.</description><subject>Crystals</subject><subject>Doping</subject><subject>Ions</subject><subject>Laser excitation</subject><subject>Laser transitions</subject><subject>mid-infrared</subject><subject>Optics</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Pump lasers</subject><subject>Semiconductor lasers</subject><subject>Solid-state lasers</subject><subject>spectroscopy</subject><issn>0018-9197</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNo9jE1Lw0AURWehYK3uBTezdZH45quZ110paasERWgXghAm8Y0daZKSxEI3_nYjFVeXeznnMnYjIBYC8P7xJY0lCIwlaqWT5IyNAISNUGBywS677nOoWlsYsafU-1AGqnu-rqZZeF1onrmO2o67nstYfb9VX7ya8oGjsueN52lN7ccxWreu7jy1fLMvm_owGKGpr9i5d7uOrv9yzDaLdD1fRdnz8mE-y6KtNKKPhLalIkjEhMBKab0ynpyx7yCLwiMQFghggQATJzERZKQhjd6gLAtfqjG7O_1u3S7ft6Fy7TFvXMhXsyz_3UAiikE6iIG9PbGBiP5ha81EKqt-AAKCVz4</recordid><startdate>20191201</startdate><enddate>20191201</enddate><creator>Loiko, Pavel</creator><creator>Camy, Patrice</creator><creator>Soulard, Remi</creator><creator>Guillemot, Lauren</creator><creator>Brasse, Gurvan</creator><creator>Doualan, Jean-Louis</creator><creator>Braud, Alain</creator><creator>Tyazhev, Aleksey</creator><creator>Hideur, Ammar</creator><creator>Druon, Frederic</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>VOOES</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-7643</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3255-5954</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-2473</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3832-0993</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4270-0668</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4357-7032</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20191201</creationdate><title>Efficient Tm:LiYF4 Lasers at 2.3~\mu m: Effect of Energy-Transfer Upconversion</title><author>Loiko, Pavel ; Camy, Patrice ; Soulard, Remi ; Guillemot, Lauren ; Brasse, Gurvan ; Doualan, Jean-Louis ; Braud, Alain ; Tyazhev, Aleksey ; Hideur, Ammar ; Druon, Frederic</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-h251t-148c3e0716e08228f35fea58d02bbf90e9b90080e097a2971e525e49f592cbfc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Crystals</topic><topic>Doping</topic><topic>Ions</topic><topic>Laser excitation</topic><topic>Laser transitions</topic><topic>mid-infrared</topic><topic>Optics</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Pump lasers</topic><topic>Semiconductor lasers</topic><topic>Solid-state lasers</topic><topic>spectroscopy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Loiko, Pavel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Camy, Patrice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soulard, Remi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guillemot, Lauren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brasse, Gurvan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doualan, Jean-Louis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Braud, Alain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tyazhev, Aleksey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hideur, Ammar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Druon, Frederic</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)</collection><jtitle>IEEE journal of quantum electronics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Loiko, Pavel</au><au>Camy, Patrice</au><au>Soulard, Remi</au><au>Guillemot, Lauren</au><au>Brasse, Gurvan</au><au>Doualan, Jean-Louis</au><au>Braud, Alain</au><au>Tyazhev, Aleksey</au><au>Hideur, Ammar</au><au>Druon, Frederic</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Efficient Tm:LiYF4 Lasers at 2.3~\mu m: Effect of Energy-Transfer Upconversion</atitle><jtitle>IEEE journal of quantum electronics</jtitle><stitle>JQE</stitle><date>2019-12-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>12</epage><pages>1-12</pages><issn>0018-9197</issn><coden>IEJQA7</coden><abstract>The 3 H 4 → 3 H 5 transition of Thulium ions (Tm 3+ ), which features laser emission at ~2.3 μm is studied in details. We revise the conditions for efficient laser operation using a rate-equation model accounting for the ground-state bleaching, cross-relaxation and energy-transfer upconversion (ETU). We show that ETU has a crucial role in reaching more than unity pump quantum efficiency (QE) for ~2.3 μm Tm lasers based on highly-doped crystals. A Ti:Sapphire pumped quasicontinuous-wave 3.5 at.% Tm:LiYF 4 laser generated 0.73 W at 2306 nm with a record-high slope efficiency of 47.3% (versus the absorbed pump power, for double-pass pumping) featuring a QE of 1.27. Diode-pumping of this crystal yielded a peak output power of 2 W. The first 2.3 μm Tm waveguide laser is also reported based on Tm:LiYF 4 epitaxial layers with even higher doping of 6.2 at.% generating 0.23 W with a slope efficiency of 19.8%. 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| subjects | Crystals Doping Ions Laser excitation Laser transitions mid-infrared Optics Physics Pump lasers Semiconductor lasers Solid-state lasers spectroscopy |
| title | Efficient Tm:LiYF4 Lasers at 2.3~\mu m: Effect of Energy-Transfer Upconversion |
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