Ultra-Low-Loss Silicon Nitride Optical Beamforming Network for Wideband Wireless Applications
Three optical ring resonator (ORR)-based integrated ultra-low-loss silicon nitride 1 × 4 optical beamforming networks (OBFNs) for millimeter-wave (mmW) beamsteering are reported. The group delay ripple of multi-ORR delay line was theoretically optimized and quantitatively studied by applying a genet...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics 2018-07, Vol.24 (4), p.1-10 |
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| container_title | IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics |
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| creator | Yuan Liu Wichman, Adam R. Isaac, Brandon Kalkavage, Jean Adles, Eric J. Clark, Thomas R. Klamkin, Jonathan |
| description | Three optical ring resonator (ORR)-based integrated ultra-low-loss silicon nitride 1 × 4 optical beamforming networks (OBFNs) for millimeter-wave (mmW) beamsteering are reported. The group delay ripple of multi-ORR delay line was theoretically optimized and quantitatively studied by applying a genetic algorithm. The optimized 3-ORR delay true time delay (TTD) responses were experimentally achieved with 208.7 ps and 172.4 ps of delay tuning range for bandwidth of 6.3 GHz and 8.7 GHz, corresponding to a phase shift of 17.1π and 14.1π for 41 GHz mmW signal. The TTD performance of the 3-ORR delay line was also verified by controlling the delay of 3 Gbps data stream. A 22° beamsteering angle equivalent OBFN delay distribution was achieved for 41 GHz half-wavelength dipole antenna array. Both the theoretical analysis and experiments exhibit that the topology with one ring shared could balance the system complexity and TTD bandwidth well. Using heterodyne up-conversion technology and a single delay path, 41 GHz mmW signal with 3 Gbps OOK NRZ data modulation was generated and delayed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/JSTQE.2018.2827786 |
| format | Article |
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The group delay ripple of multi-ORR delay line was theoretically optimized and quantitatively studied by applying a genetic algorithm. The optimized 3-ORR delay true time delay (TTD) responses were experimentally achieved with 208.7 ps and 172.4 ps of delay tuning range for bandwidth of 6.3 GHz and 8.7 GHz, corresponding to a phase shift of 17.1π and 14.1π for 41 GHz mmW signal. The TTD performance of the 3-ORR delay line was also verified by controlling the delay of 3 Gbps data stream. A 22° beamsteering angle equivalent OBFN delay distribution was achieved for 41 GHz half-wavelength dipole antenna array. Both the theoretical analysis and experiments exhibit that the topology with one ring shared could balance the system complexity and TTD bandwidth well. Using heterodyne up-conversion technology and a single delay path, 41 GHz mmW signal with 3 Gbps OOK NRZ data modulation was generated and delayed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1077-260X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-4542</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2018.2827786</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJSQEN</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Antenna arrays ; Bandwidth ; Bandwidths ; Beamforming ; Broadband ; Delay ; Delays ; Dipole antennas ; Genetic algorithms ; Group delay ; High-speed optical techniques ; Integrated optics ; Microwave photonics ; millimeter wave communication ; Millimeter waves ; Nonlinear optics ; Optical communication ; Optical losses ; optical ring resonators ; Optical waveguides ; phased arrays ; photonic integrated circuits ; Silicon nitride ; Time lag ; true time delays ; Ultrawideband ; Upconversion ; Wireless networks</subject><ispartof>IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics, 2018-07, Vol.24 (4), p.1-10</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c339t-f1e08e0d783ff136baf28c050b8518626c264671b14a6969a0e726c5fd610f003</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c339t-f1e08e0d783ff136baf28c050b8518626c264671b14a6969a0e726c5fd610f003</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5951-5258 ; 0000-0001-6676-6875</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8343862$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,796,27924,27925,54758</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yuan Liu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wichman, Adam R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Isaac, Brandon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalkavage, Jean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adles, Eric J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clark, Thomas R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klamkin, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><title>Ultra-Low-Loss Silicon Nitride Optical Beamforming Network for Wideband Wireless Applications</title><title>IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics</title><addtitle>JSTQE</addtitle><description>Three optical ring resonator (ORR)-based integrated ultra-low-loss silicon nitride 1 × 4 optical beamforming networks (OBFNs) for millimeter-wave (mmW) beamsteering are reported. The group delay ripple of multi-ORR delay line was theoretically optimized and quantitatively studied by applying a genetic algorithm. The optimized 3-ORR delay true time delay (TTD) responses were experimentally achieved with 208.7 ps and 172.4 ps of delay tuning range for bandwidth of 6.3 GHz and 8.7 GHz, corresponding to a phase shift of 17.1π and 14.1π for 41 GHz mmW signal. The TTD performance of the 3-ORR delay line was also verified by controlling the delay of 3 Gbps data stream. A 22° beamsteering angle equivalent OBFN delay distribution was achieved for 41 GHz half-wavelength dipole antenna array. Both the theoretical analysis and experiments exhibit that the topology with one ring shared could balance the system complexity and TTD bandwidth well. Using heterodyne up-conversion technology and a single delay path, 41 GHz mmW signal with 3 Gbps OOK NRZ data modulation was generated and delayed.</description><subject>Antenna arrays</subject><subject>Bandwidth</subject><subject>Bandwidths</subject><subject>Beamforming</subject><subject>Broadband</subject><subject>Delay</subject><subject>Delays</subject><subject>Dipole antennas</subject><subject>Genetic algorithms</subject><subject>Group delay</subject><subject>High-speed optical techniques</subject><subject>Integrated optics</subject><subject>Microwave photonics</subject><subject>millimeter wave communication</subject><subject>Millimeter waves</subject><subject>Nonlinear optics</subject><subject>Optical communication</subject><subject>Optical losses</subject><subject>optical ring resonators</subject><subject>Optical waveguides</subject><subject>phased arrays</subject><subject>photonic integrated circuits</subject><subject>Silicon nitride</subject><subject>Time lag</subject><subject>true time delays</subject><subject>Ultrawideband</subject><subject>Upconversion</subject><subject>Wireless networks</subject><issn>1077-260X</issn><issn>1558-4542</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ESBDL</sourceid><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNo9UMtOwzAQtBBIlMIPwCUS54T1I7ZzLFV5qWqF2gouyHISG7mkSXBSVfw9Lq04rPahmdndQegaQ4IxZHcvi-XrJCGAZUIkEULyEzTAaSpjljJyGmoQIiYc3s_RRdetAUAyCQP0sap6r-NpswvRddHCVa5o6mjmeu9KE83b3hW6iu6N3tjGb1z9Gc1Mv2v8VxT66C2Acl2XofCmMkFh1LZBQveuqbtLdGZ11ZmrYx6i1cNkOX6Kp_PH5_FoGheUZn1ssQFpoBSSWospz7UlsoAUcpliyQkvCGdc4BwzzTOeaTAiDFNbcgwWgA7R7UG39c331nS9WjdbX4eVigAVlDEmRECRA6rw4VVvrGq922j_ozCovY3qz0a1t1EdbQykmwPJGWP-CZIyGg6jv13bbm4</recordid><startdate>20180701</startdate><enddate>20180701</enddate><creator>Yuan Liu</creator><creator>Wichman, Adam R.</creator><creator>Isaac, Brandon</creator><creator>Kalkavage, Jean</creator><creator>Adles, Eric J.</creator><creator>Clark, Thomas R.</creator><creator>Klamkin, Jonathan</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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The group delay ripple of multi-ORR delay line was theoretically optimized and quantitatively studied by applying a genetic algorithm. The optimized 3-ORR delay true time delay (TTD) responses were experimentally achieved with 208.7 ps and 172.4 ps of delay tuning range for bandwidth of 6.3 GHz and 8.7 GHz, corresponding to a phase shift of 17.1π and 14.1π for 41 GHz mmW signal. The TTD performance of the 3-ORR delay line was also verified by controlling the delay of 3 Gbps data stream. A 22° beamsteering angle equivalent OBFN delay distribution was achieved for 41 GHz half-wavelength dipole antenna array. Both the theoretical analysis and experiments exhibit that the topology with one ring shared could balance the system complexity and TTD bandwidth well. Using heterodyne up-conversion technology and a single delay path, 41 GHz mmW signal with 3 Gbps OOK NRZ data modulation was generated and delayed.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/JSTQE.2018.2827786</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5951-5258</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6676-6875</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Antenna arrays Bandwidth Bandwidths Beamforming Broadband Delay Delays Dipole antennas Genetic algorithms Group delay High-speed optical techniques Integrated optics Microwave photonics millimeter wave communication Millimeter waves Nonlinear optics Optical communication Optical losses optical ring resonators Optical waveguides phased arrays photonic integrated circuits Silicon nitride Time lag true time delays Ultrawideband Upconversion Wireless networks |
| title | Ultra-Low-Loss Silicon Nitride Optical Beamforming Network for Wideband Wireless Applications |
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