Flight data assessment of tightly coupled PPP/INS using real-time products

For airborne applications that require accurate real-time solutions and robustness to signal outages, cycle slips, etc., tightly coupled inertial navigation system (INS) is an important way to compensate for the slow convergence properties of real-time precise positioning point (PPP), and this benefit remains important even as other PPP error sources (namely, orbit and clock errors and tropospheric delay errors) are reduced.