Intermodulation and Harmonic Distortion in Frequency Reconfigurable Slot Antenna Pairs
Due to the nonlinear nature of solid state devices, reconfigurable antennas with PIN diodes are capable of producing spurious frequency products through intermodulation and harmonic generation. These undesirable signals might act as an interference source to other electronic systems. In this paper,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation 2014-03, Vol.62 (3), p.1138-1146 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation |
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| creator | Jie-Bang Yan Siwen Yong Bernhard, Jennifer T. |
| description | Due to the nonlinear nature of solid state devices, reconfigurable antennas with PIN diodes are capable of producing spurious frequency products through intermodulation and harmonic generation. These undesirable signals might act as an interference source to other electronic systems. In this paper, we investigate intermodulation and harmonic generation in frequency reconfigurable MIMO slot antennas. Our study has shown that intermodulation is more pronounced in the transmitting scenario than the receiving case. It is also found that an "off" diode needs to be appropriately reverse biased to avoid RF leakage and harmonic generation when the RF power is high. In addition, the effect of mutual coupling on intermodulation and harmonic generation has been studied experimentally. Our results show that the level of intermodulation could be lowered by reducing the mutual coupling between the antenna ports. Lastly, we demonstrate that a particular spurious frequency product may be suppressed by inserting harmonic traps at the antenna level. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TAP.2013.2294197 |
| format | Article |
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These undesirable signals might act as an interference source to other electronic systems. In this paper, we investigate intermodulation and harmonic generation in frequency reconfigurable MIMO slot antennas. Our study has shown that intermodulation is more pronounced in the transmitting scenario than the receiving case. It is also found that an "off" diode needs to be appropriately reverse biased to avoid RF leakage and harmonic generation when the RF power is high. In addition, the effect of mutual coupling on intermodulation and harmonic generation has been studied experimentally. Our results show that the level of intermodulation could be lowered by reducing the mutual coupling between the antenna ports. Lastly, we demonstrate that a particular spurious frequency product may be suppressed by inserting harmonic traps at the antenna level.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-926X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-2221</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2013.2294197</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IETPAK</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Antenna measurements ; Antennas ; Cognitive radio ; Diodes ; Electronic systems ; Harmonic analysis ; Harmonic distortion ; Harmonic generations ; Integrated circuit modeling ; Intermodulation ; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna ; Mutual coupling ; nonlinear effects ; PIN diodes ; PIN photodiodes ; reconfigurable antenna ; Slot antennas ; Spectrum analysis ; Transmission line measurements ; X-rays</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 2014-03, Vol.62 (3), p.1138-1146</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Mar 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-d22ec65512b4477deeaed5832b0e3fcbe3ff2503d41717ed405c44077fcbcaed3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-d22ec65512b4477deeaed5832b0e3fcbe3ff2503d41717ed405c44077fcbcaed3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6678729$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,796,27922,27923,54756</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6678729$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jie-Bang Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siwen Yong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bernhard, Jennifer T.</creatorcontrib><title>Intermodulation and Harmonic Distortion in Frequency Reconfigurable Slot Antenna Pairs</title><title>IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation</title><addtitle>TAP</addtitle><description>Due to the nonlinear nature of solid state devices, reconfigurable antennas with PIN diodes are capable of producing spurious frequency products through intermodulation and harmonic generation. These undesirable signals might act as an interference source to other electronic systems. In this paper, we investigate intermodulation and harmonic generation in frequency reconfigurable MIMO slot antennas. Our study has shown that intermodulation is more pronounced in the transmitting scenario than the receiving case. It is also found that an "off" diode needs to be appropriately reverse biased to avoid RF leakage and harmonic generation when the RF power is high. In addition, the effect of mutual coupling on intermodulation and harmonic generation has been studied experimentally. Our results show that the level of intermodulation could be lowered by reducing the mutual coupling between the antenna ports. Lastly, we demonstrate that a particular spurious frequency product may be suppressed by inserting harmonic traps at the antenna level.</description><subject>Antenna measurements</subject><subject>Antennas</subject><subject>Cognitive radio</subject><subject>Diodes</subject><subject>Electronic systems</subject><subject>Harmonic analysis</subject><subject>Harmonic distortion</subject><subject>Harmonic generations</subject><subject>Integrated circuit modeling</subject><subject>Intermodulation</subject><subject>multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna</subject><subject>Mutual coupling</subject><subject>nonlinear effects</subject><subject>PIN diodes</subject><subject>PIN photodiodes</subject><subject>reconfigurable antenna</subject><subject>Slot antennas</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Transmission line measurements</subject><subject>X-rays</subject><issn>0018-926X</issn><issn>1558-2221</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkEFLAzEQhYMoWKt3wUvAi5etSTbZ7B5LtbYgWLSKt5BmZyVlm9Rk99B_b2qLBy8zzMw3j8dD6JqSEaWkul-OFyNGaD5irOK0kidoQIUoM8YYPUUDQmiZVaz4PEcXMa7TyEvOB-hj7joIG1_3re6sd1i7Gs902jhr8IONnQ-_e-vwNMB3D87s8CsY7xr71Qe9agG_tb7D4yTknMYLbUO8RGeNbiNcHfsQvU8fl5NZ9vzyNJ-MnzOTS9plNWNgCiEoW3EuZQ2goRZlzlYE8sasUmmYIHnNqaQSak6E4ZxImW4mofkQ3R10t8Enb7FTGxsNtK124PuoaFEKWRJaiYTe_kPXvg8uuVNUEFnw5KJKFDlQJvgYAzRqG-xGh52iRO2DVilotQ9aHYNOLzeHFwsAf3hRyFImwR9M63pR</recordid><startdate>20140301</startdate><enddate>20140301</enddate><creator>Jie-Bang Yan</creator><creator>Siwen Yong</creator><creator>Bernhard, Jennifer T.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140301</creationdate><title>Intermodulation and Harmonic Distortion in Frequency Reconfigurable Slot Antenna Pairs</title><author>Jie-Bang Yan ; Siwen Yong ; Bernhard, Jennifer T.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-d22ec65512b4477deeaed5832b0e3fcbe3ff2503d41717ed405c44077fcbcaed3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Antenna measurements</topic><topic>Antennas</topic><topic>Cognitive radio</topic><topic>Diodes</topic><topic>Electronic systems</topic><topic>Harmonic analysis</topic><topic>Harmonic distortion</topic><topic>Harmonic generations</topic><topic>Integrated circuit modeling</topic><topic>Intermodulation</topic><topic>multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna</topic><topic>Mutual coupling</topic><topic>nonlinear effects</topic><topic>PIN diodes</topic><topic>PIN photodiodes</topic><topic>reconfigurable antenna</topic><topic>Slot antennas</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Transmission line measurements</topic><topic>X-rays</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jie-Bang Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siwen Yong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bernhard, Jennifer T.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jie-Bang Yan</au><au>Siwen Yong</au><au>Bernhard, Jennifer T.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Intermodulation and Harmonic Distortion in Frequency Reconfigurable Slot Antenna Pairs</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation</jtitle><stitle>TAP</stitle><date>2014-03-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>62</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1138</spage><epage>1146</epage><pages>1138-1146</pages><issn>0018-926X</issn><eissn>1558-2221</eissn><coden>IETPAK</coden><abstract>Due to the nonlinear nature of solid state devices, reconfigurable antennas with PIN diodes are capable of producing spurious frequency products through intermodulation and harmonic generation. These undesirable signals might act as an interference source to other electronic systems. In this paper, we investigate intermodulation and harmonic generation in frequency reconfigurable MIMO slot antennas. Our study has shown that intermodulation is more pronounced in the transmitting scenario than the receiving case. It is also found that an "off" diode needs to be appropriately reverse biased to avoid RF leakage and harmonic generation when the RF power is high. In addition, the effect of mutual coupling on intermodulation and harmonic generation has been studied experimentally. Our results show that the level of intermodulation could be lowered by reducing the mutual coupling between the antenna ports. Lastly, we demonstrate that a particular spurious frequency product may be suppressed by inserting harmonic traps at the antenna level.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TAP.2013.2294197</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 2014-03, Vol.62 (3), p.1138-1146 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Antenna measurements Antennas Cognitive radio Diodes Electronic systems Harmonic analysis Harmonic distortion Harmonic generations Integrated circuit modeling Intermodulation multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna Mutual coupling nonlinear effects PIN diodes PIN photodiodes reconfigurable antenna Slot antennas Spectrum analysis Transmission line measurements X-rays |
| title | Intermodulation and Harmonic Distortion in Frequency Reconfigurable Slot Antenna Pairs |
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