Digitally Equalized CMOS Transmitter Front-End With Integrated Power Amplifier
An energy-efficient, 3.5-GHz, direct-conversion RF transmitter with integrated 23-dBm, Class-B power amplifier (PA) is fabricated in a 0.13-μm CMOS process for the reliable transmission of 20-MHz bandwidth OFDM signals. Assisted by an integrated feedback path, a two-dimensional, digital look-up tabl...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE journal of solid-state circuits 2010-08, Vol.45 (8), p.1602-1614 |
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| creator | Dae Hyun Kwon Hao Li Yuchun Chang Tseng, Richard Yun Chiu |
| description | An energy-efficient, 3.5-GHz, direct-conversion RF transmitter with integrated 23-dBm, Class-B power amplifier (PA) is fabricated in a 0.13-μm CMOS process for the reliable transmission of 20-MHz bandwidth OFDM signals. Assisted by an integrated feedback path, a two-dimensional, digital look-up table (2-D LUT) adapted by complex gradient-descent algorithms compensates for the I/Q mismatch and memoryless nonlinearities of the whole transmit path, including the severe amplitude and phase distortions of the on-chip PA. Fifth-order Butterworth transmit filters with 34-MHz cutoff frequency sufficiently attenuate the aliases of the 80-MS/s digital-to-analog converters (DACs), while retaining high in-band fidelity without corrupting the predistorted signal. When a 20-MHz, 64-QAM OFDM signal with 9.6-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) was transmitted, the measured average drain efficiency (DE) of the PA was 12.5% at 9.6-dB back-off and 17.5% at 7-dB back-off, and the corresponding error-vector magnitude (EVM) was measured to be - 29.6 dB and - 26.3 dB with equalization, respectively. A peak DE of 55% and a 25-dBm saturated output power were also measured for the same PA in a stand-alone package. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/JSSC.2010.2048140 |
| format | Article |
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Assisted by an integrated feedback path, a two-dimensional, digital look-up table (2-D LUT) adapted by complex gradient-descent algorithms compensates for the I/Q mismatch and memoryless nonlinearities of the whole transmit path, including the severe amplitude and phase distortions of the on-chip PA. Fifth-order Butterworth transmit filters with 34-MHz cutoff frequency sufficiently attenuate the aliases of the 80-MS/s digital-to-analog converters (DACs), while retaining high in-band fidelity without corrupting the predistorted signal. When a 20-MHz, 64-QAM OFDM signal with 9.6-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) was transmitted, the measured average drain efficiency (DE) of the PA was 12.5% at 9.6-dB back-off and 17.5% at 7-dB back-off, and the corresponding error-vector magnitude (EVM) was measured to be - 29.6 dB and - 26.3 dB with equalization, respectively. A peak DE of 55% and a 25-dBm saturated output power were also measured for the same PA in a stand-alone package.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9200</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-173X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2010.2048140</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJSCBC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Adaptive equalizer ; Algorithms ; AM-AM ; AM-PM ; Amplifiers ; Applied sciences ; Circuit properties ; Class-B power amplifier ; CMOS ; CMOS process ; CMOS RF transmitter ; Design. Technologies. Operation analysis. Testing ; digital equalization ; drain efficiency ; Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits ; Electronic circuits ; Electronics ; Energy efficiency ; error-vector magnitude ; Exact sciences and technology ; Feedback ; Hardware ; Input-output equipment ; Integrated circuits ; look-up table ; memoryless nonlinearities ; Noise levels ; Nonlinearity ; OFDM ; Peak to average power ratio ; Phase distortion ; power amplifier ; Power amplifiers ; Power measurement ; power-added efficiency ; predistortion ; Radio frequency ; Radiofrequency amplifiers ; Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices ; Signal convertors ; Table lookup ; Transmitters</subject><ispartof>IEEE journal of solid-state circuits, 2010-08, Vol.45 (8), p.1602-1614</ispartof><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Aug 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c355t-9e12c8312d1823fad741ca2bc1863772e12c59a84c4c252812899ae7bc2322c33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c355t-9e12c8312d1823fad741ca2bc1863772e12c59a84c4c252812899ae7bc2322c33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5518498$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>309,310,314,777,781,786,787,793,23911,23912,25121,27905,27906,54739</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5518498$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=23075832$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dae Hyun Kwon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hao Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuchun Chang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tseng, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yun Chiu</creatorcontrib><title>Digitally Equalized CMOS Transmitter Front-End With Integrated Power Amplifier</title><title>IEEE journal of solid-state circuits</title><addtitle>JSSC</addtitle><description>An energy-efficient, 3.5-GHz, direct-conversion RF transmitter with integrated 23-dBm, Class-B power amplifier (PA) is fabricated in a 0.13-μm CMOS process for the reliable transmission of 20-MHz bandwidth OFDM signals. Assisted by an integrated feedback path, a two-dimensional, digital look-up table (2-D LUT) adapted by complex gradient-descent algorithms compensates for the I/Q mismatch and memoryless nonlinearities of the whole transmit path, including the severe amplitude and phase distortions of the on-chip PA. Fifth-order Butterworth transmit filters with 34-MHz cutoff frequency sufficiently attenuate the aliases of the 80-MS/s digital-to-analog converters (DACs), while retaining high in-band fidelity without corrupting the predistorted signal. When a 20-MHz, 64-QAM OFDM signal with 9.6-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) was transmitted, the measured average drain efficiency (DE) of the PA was 12.5% at 9.6-dB back-off and 17.5% at 7-dB back-off, and the corresponding error-vector magnitude (EVM) was measured to be - 29.6 dB and - 26.3 dB with equalization, respectively. A peak DE of 55% and a 25-dBm saturated output power were also measured for the same PA in a stand-alone package.</description><subject>Adaptive equalizer</subject><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>AM-AM</subject><subject>AM-PM</subject><subject>Amplifiers</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Circuit properties</subject><subject>Class-B power amplifier</subject><subject>CMOS</subject><subject>CMOS process</subject><subject>CMOS RF transmitter</subject><subject>Design. Technologies. Operation analysis. Testing</subject><subject>digital equalization</subject><subject>drain efficiency</subject><subject>Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits</subject><subject>Electronic circuits</subject><subject>Electronics</subject><subject>Energy efficiency</subject><subject>error-vector magnitude</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Feedback</subject><subject>Hardware</subject><subject>Input-output equipment</subject><subject>Integrated circuits</subject><subject>look-up table</subject><subject>memoryless nonlinearities</subject><subject>Noise levels</subject><subject>Nonlinearity</subject><subject>OFDM</subject><subject>Peak to average power ratio</subject><subject>Phase distortion</subject><subject>power amplifier</subject><subject>Power amplifiers</subject><subject>Power measurement</subject><subject>power-added efficiency</subject><subject>predistortion</subject><subject>Radio frequency</subject><subject>Radiofrequency amplifiers</subject><subject>Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices</subject><subject>Signal convertors</subject><subject>Table lookup</subject><subject>Transmitters</subject><issn>0018-9200</issn><issn>1558-173X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkE1LAzEQhoMoWD9-gHhZEPG0mplsTHIstX5RP6CK3paYZmvKdrdNUkR_vVlaPHgahveZl-Eh5AjoOQBVF_fj8eAcaVqRFhIKukV6wLnMQbD3bdKjFGSukNJdshfCLK1Fwnrk8cpNXdR1_Z0Nlytdux87yQYPT-PsxesmzF2M1mfXvm1iPmwm2ZuLn9ldE-3U65jQ5_Yr5f35onaVs_6A7FS6DvZwM_fJ6_XwZXCbj55u7gb9UW4Y5zFXFtBIBjgBiazSE1GA0fhhQF4yIbCLudKyMIVBjhJQKqWt-DDIEA1j--Rs3bvw7XJlQyznLhhb17qx7SqUEqRkDDhN5Mk_ctaufJOeK4GiEEIphYmCNWV8G4K3Vbnwbq79d4LKTnDZCS47weVGcLo53TTrYHRdJV_Ghb9DZFRwybru4zXnrLV_MecgCyXZL0m3gbY</recordid><startdate>20100801</startdate><enddate>20100801</enddate><creator>Dae Hyun Kwon</creator><creator>Hao Li</creator><creator>Yuchun Chang</creator><creator>Tseng, Richard</creator><creator>Yun Chiu</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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Technologies. Operation analysis. Testing</topic><topic>digital equalization</topic><topic>drain efficiency</topic><topic>Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits</topic><topic>Electronic circuits</topic><topic>Electronics</topic><topic>Energy efficiency</topic><topic>error-vector magnitude</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Feedback</topic><topic>Hardware</topic><topic>Input-output equipment</topic><topic>Integrated circuits</topic><topic>look-up table</topic><topic>memoryless nonlinearities</topic><topic>Noise levels</topic><topic>Nonlinearity</topic><topic>OFDM</topic><topic>Peak to average power ratio</topic><topic>Phase distortion</topic><topic>power amplifier</topic><topic>Power amplifiers</topic><topic>Power measurement</topic><topic>power-added efficiency</topic><topic>predistortion</topic><topic>Radio frequency</topic><topic>Radiofrequency amplifiers</topic><topic>Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices</topic><topic>Signal convertors</topic><topic>Table lookup</topic><topic>Transmitters</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dae Hyun Kwon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hao Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuchun Chang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tseng, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yun Chiu</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><jtitle>IEEE journal of solid-state circuits</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dae Hyun Kwon</au><au>Hao Li</au><au>Yuchun Chang</au><au>Tseng, Richard</au><au>Yun Chiu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Digitally Equalized CMOS Transmitter Front-End With Integrated Power Amplifier</atitle><jtitle>IEEE journal of solid-state circuits</jtitle><stitle>JSSC</stitle><date>2010-08-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1602</spage><epage>1614</epage><pages>1602-1614</pages><issn>0018-9200</issn><eissn>1558-173X</eissn><coden>IJSCBC</coden><abstract>An energy-efficient, 3.5-GHz, direct-conversion RF transmitter with integrated 23-dBm, Class-B power amplifier (PA) is fabricated in a 0.13-μm CMOS process for the reliable transmission of 20-MHz bandwidth OFDM signals. Assisted by an integrated feedback path, a two-dimensional, digital look-up table (2-D LUT) adapted by complex gradient-descent algorithms compensates for the I/Q mismatch and memoryless nonlinearities of the whole transmit path, including the severe amplitude and phase distortions of the on-chip PA. Fifth-order Butterworth transmit filters with 34-MHz cutoff frequency sufficiently attenuate the aliases of the 80-MS/s digital-to-analog converters (DACs), while retaining high in-band fidelity without corrupting the predistorted signal. When a 20-MHz, 64-QAM OFDM signal with 9.6-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) was transmitted, the measured average drain efficiency (DE) of the PA was 12.5% at 9.6-dB back-off and 17.5% at 7-dB back-off, and the corresponding error-vector magnitude (EVM) was measured to be - 29.6 dB and - 26.3 dB with equalization, respectively. A peak DE of 55% and a 25-dBm saturated output power were also measured for the same PA in a stand-alone package.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/JSSC.2010.2048140</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adaptive equalizer Algorithms AM-AM AM-PM Amplifiers Applied sciences Circuit properties Class-B power amplifier CMOS CMOS process CMOS RF transmitter Design. Technologies. Operation analysis. Testing digital equalization drain efficiency Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits Electronic circuits Electronics Energy efficiency error-vector magnitude Exact sciences and technology Feedback Hardware Input-output equipment Integrated circuits look-up table memoryless nonlinearities Noise levels Nonlinearity OFDM Peak to average power ratio Phase distortion power amplifier Power amplifiers Power measurement power-added efficiency predistortion Radio frequency Radiofrequency amplifiers Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices Signal convertors Table lookup Transmitters |
| title | Digitally Equalized CMOS Transmitter Front-End With Integrated Power Amplifier |
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