An Intelligent Telecardiology System Using a Wearable and Wireless ECG to Detect Atrial Fibrillation
This study presents a novel wireless, ambulatory, real-time, and autoalarm intelligent telecardiology system to improve healthcare for cardiovascular disease, which is one of the most prevalent and costly health problems in the world. This system consists of a lightweight and power-saving wireless E...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 2010-05, Vol.14 (3), p.726-733 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext bestellen |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 733 |
---|---|
container_issue | 3 |
container_start_page | 726 |
container_title | IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics |
container_volume | 14 |
creator | Lin, Chin-Teng Chang, Kuan-Cheng Lin, Chun-Ling Chiang, Chia-Cheng Lu, Shao-Wei Chang, Shih-Sheng Lin, Bor-Shyh Liang, Hsin-Yueh Chen, Ray-Jade Lee, Yuan-Teh Ko, Li-Wei |
description | This study presents a novel wireless, ambulatory, real-time, and autoalarm intelligent telecardiology system to improve healthcare for cardiovascular disease, which is one of the most prevalent and costly health problems in the world. This system consists of a lightweight and power-saving wireless ECG device equipped with a built-in automatic warning expert system. This device is connected to a mobile and ubiquitous real-time display platform. The acquired ECG signals are instantaneously transmitted to mobile devices, such as netbooks or mobile phones through Bluetooth, and then, processed by the expert system. An alert signal is sent to the remote database server, which can be accessed by an Internet browser, once an abnormal ECG is detected. The current version of the expert system can identify five types of abnormal cardiac rhythms in real-time, including sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, wide QRS complex, atrial fibrillation (AF), and cardiac asystole, which is very important for both the subjects who are being monitored and the healthcare personnel tracking cardiac-rhythm disorders. The proposed system also activates an emergency medical alarm system when problems occur. Clinical testing reveals that the proposed system is approximately 94% accurate, with high sensitivity, specificity, and positive prediction rates for ten normal subjects and 20 AF patients. We believe that in the future a business-card-like ECG device, accompanied with a mobile phone, can make universal cardiac protection service possible. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TITB.2010.2047401 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_RIE</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_ieee_primary_5443463</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><ieee_id>5443463</ieee_id><sourcerecordid>2717043631</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-c7c93e35a93fa42e6b984897fc4c29e9ec1e29cc2cb55797fa9c6bc59778ad83</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkU1rGzEQhkVpaNK0P6AUiiCHnjbV6GMlHV3no4ZADt2S46LVjo2CvJtK8sH_vjJ2c-ilJ41mnhl4eQj5BOwagNlv3ar7fs1Z_XImtWTwhlyAUqZhTPC3tWbGNlprOCfvc35mDKQC8Y6ccyY0SIALMi4mupoKxhg2OBXaYUTv0hjmOG_29Oc-F9zSXzlMG-roE7rkhojUTSN9CqnCOdPb5T0tM73Bgr7QRUnBRXoXhhRidCXM0wdytnYx48fTe0m6u9tu-aN5eLxfLRcPjReGlcZrbwUK5axYO8mxHayRxuq1l55btOgBufWe-0EpXfvO-nbwympt3GjEJfl6PPuS5t87zKXfhuxrNDfhvMu9li0oo1rxf1JIJpgxbSWv_iGf512aaooeGNccQAldKThSPs05J1z3LylsXdpXqD-o6g-q-oOq_qSq7nw5Xd4NWxxfN_66qcDnIxAQ8XWspBSyRvgDg3aWqw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1027211537</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>An Intelligent Telecardiology System Using a Wearable and Wireless ECG to Detect Atrial Fibrillation</title><source>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</source><creator>Lin, Chin-Teng ; Chang, Kuan-Cheng ; Lin, Chun-Ling ; Chiang, Chia-Cheng ; Lu, Shao-Wei ; Chang, Shih-Sheng ; Lin, Bor-Shyh ; Liang, Hsin-Yueh ; Chen, Ray-Jade ; Lee, Yuan-Teh ; Ko, Li-Wei</creator><creatorcontrib>Lin, Chin-Teng ; Chang, Kuan-Cheng ; Lin, Chun-Ling ; Chiang, Chia-Cheng ; Lu, Shao-Wei ; Chang, Shih-Sheng ; Lin, Bor-Shyh ; Liang, Hsin-Yueh ; Chen, Ray-Jade ; Lee, Yuan-Teh ; Ko, Li-Wei</creatorcontrib><description>This study presents a novel wireless, ambulatory, real-time, and autoalarm intelligent telecardiology system to improve healthcare for cardiovascular disease, which is one of the most prevalent and costly health problems in the world. This system consists of a lightweight and power-saving wireless ECG device equipped with a built-in automatic warning expert system. This device is connected to a mobile and ubiquitous real-time display platform. The acquired ECG signals are instantaneously transmitted to mobile devices, such as netbooks or mobile phones through Bluetooth, and then, processed by the expert system. An alert signal is sent to the remote database server, which can be accessed by an Internet browser, once an abnormal ECG is detected. The current version of the expert system can identify five types of abnormal cardiac rhythms in real-time, including sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, wide QRS complex, atrial fibrillation (AF), and cardiac asystole, which is very important for both the subjects who are being monitored and the healthcare personnel tracking cardiac-rhythm disorders. The proposed system also activates an emergency medical alarm system when problems occur. Clinical testing reveals that the proposed system is approximately 94% accurate, with high sensitivity, specificity, and positive prediction rates for ten normal subjects and 20 AF patients. We believe that in the future a business-card-like ECG device, accompanied with a mobile phone, can make universal cardiac protection service possible.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1089-7771</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2168-2194</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-0032</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2168-2208</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TITB.2010.2047401</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20371411</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITIBFX</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: IEEE</publisher><subject>Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Algorithms ; Atrial fibrillation ; Atrial fibrillation (AF) ; Atrial Fibrillation - diagnosis ; Biomedical monitoring ; Cardiac arrhythmia ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Computer Communication Networks ; Displays ; ECG ; Electrocardiography ; Electrocardiography - instrumentation ; Electrocardiography - methods ; Expert systems ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligent systems ; Male ; Medical services ; Middle Aged ; mobile ; Mobile handsets ; Real time systems ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Telemedicine - instrumentation ; Telemedicine - methods ; Telemetry - instrumentation ; wireless</subject><ispartof>IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics, 2010-05, Vol.14 (3), p.726-733</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) May 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-c7c93e35a93fa42e6b984897fc4c29e9ec1e29cc2cb55797fa9c6bc59778ad83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-c7c93e35a93fa42e6b984897fc4c29e9ec1e29cc2cb55797fa9c6bc59778ad83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5443463$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,792,27901,27902,54733</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5443463$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20371411$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lin, Chin-Teng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Kuan-Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Chun-Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiang, Chia-Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Shao-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Shih-Sheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Bor-Shyh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Hsin-Yueh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Ray-Jade</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Yuan-Teh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ko, Li-Wei</creatorcontrib><title>An Intelligent Telecardiology System Using a Wearable and Wireless ECG to Detect Atrial Fibrillation</title><title>IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics</title><addtitle>TITB</addtitle><addtitle>IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed</addtitle><description>This study presents a novel wireless, ambulatory, real-time, and autoalarm intelligent telecardiology system to improve healthcare for cardiovascular disease, which is one of the most prevalent and costly health problems in the world. This system consists of a lightweight and power-saving wireless ECG device equipped with a built-in automatic warning expert system. This device is connected to a mobile and ubiquitous real-time display platform. The acquired ECG signals are instantaneously transmitted to mobile devices, such as netbooks or mobile phones through Bluetooth, and then, processed by the expert system. An alert signal is sent to the remote database server, which can be accessed by an Internet browser, once an abnormal ECG is detected. The current version of the expert system can identify five types of abnormal cardiac rhythms in real-time, including sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, wide QRS complex, atrial fibrillation (AF), and cardiac asystole, which is very important for both the subjects who are being monitored and the healthcare personnel tracking cardiac-rhythm disorders. The proposed system also activates an emergency medical alarm system when problems occur. Clinical testing reveals that the proposed system is approximately 94% accurate, with high sensitivity, specificity, and positive prediction rates for ten normal subjects and 20 AF patients. We believe that in the future a business-card-like ECG device, accompanied with a mobile phone, can make universal cardiac protection service possible.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Atrial fibrillation</subject><subject>Atrial fibrillation (AF)</subject><subject>Atrial Fibrillation - diagnosis</subject><subject>Biomedical monitoring</subject><subject>Cardiac arrhythmia</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Computer Communication Networks</subject><subject>Displays</subject><subject>ECG</subject><subject>Electrocardiography</subject><subject>Electrocardiography - instrumentation</subject><subject>Electrocardiography - methods</subject><subject>Expert systems</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intelligent systems</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical services</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>mobile</subject><subject>Mobile handsets</subject><subject>Real time systems</subject><subject>Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted</subject><subject>Telemedicine - instrumentation</subject><subject>Telemedicine - methods</subject><subject>Telemetry - instrumentation</subject><subject>wireless</subject><issn>1089-7771</issn><issn>2168-2194</issn><issn>1558-0032</issn><issn>2168-2208</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1rGzEQhkVpaNK0P6AUiiCHnjbV6GMlHV3no4ZADt2S46LVjo2CvJtK8sH_vjJ2c-ilJ41mnhl4eQj5BOwagNlv3ar7fs1Z_XImtWTwhlyAUqZhTPC3tWbGNlprOCfvc35mDKQC8Y6ccyY0SIALMi4mupoKxhg2OBXaYUTv0hjmOG_29Oc-F9zSXzlMG-roE7rkhojUTSN9CqnCOdPb5T0tM73Bgr7QRUnBRXoXhhRidCXM0wdytnYx48fTe0m6u9tu-aN5eLxfLRcPjReGlcZrbwUK5axYO8mxHayRxuq1l55btOgBufWe-0EpXfvO-nbwympt3GjEJfl6PPuS5t87zKXfhuxrNDfhvMu9li0oo1rxf1JIJpgxbSWv_iGf512aaooeGNccQAldKThSPs05J1z3LylsXdpXqD-o6g-q-oOq_qSq7nw5Xd4NWxxfN_66qcDnIxAQ8XWspBSyRvgDg3aWqw</recordid><startdate>201005</startdate><enddate>201005</enddate><creator>Lin, Chin-Teng</creator><creator>Chang, Kuan-Cheng</creator><creator>Lin, Chun-Ling</creator><creator>Chiang, Chia-Cheng</creator><creator>Lu, Shao-Wei</creator><creator>Chang, Shih-Sheng</creator><creator>Lin, Bor-Shyh</creator><creator>Liang, Hsin-Yueh</creator><creator>Chen, Ray-Jade</creator><creator>Lee, Yuan-Teh</creator><creator>Ko, Li-Wei</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201005</creationdate><title>An Intelligent Telecardiology System Using a Wearable and Wireless ECG to Detect Atrial Fibrillation</title><author>Lin, Chin-Teng ; Chang, Kuan-Cheng ; Lin, Chun-Ling ; Chiang, Chia-Cheng ; Lu, Shao-Wei ; Chang, Shih-Sheng ; Lin, Bor-Shyh ; Liang, Hsin-Yueh ; Chen, Ray-Jade ; Lee, Yuan-Teh ; Ko, Li-Wei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-c7c93e35a93fa42e6b984897fc4c29e9ec1e29cc2cb55797fa9c6bc59778ad83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Atrial fibrillation</topic><topic>Atrial fibrillation (AF)</topic><topic>Atrial Fibrillation - diagnosis</topic><topic>Biomedical monitoring</topic><topic>Cardiac arrhythmia</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Computer Communication Networks</topic><topic>Displays</topic><topic>ECG</topic><topic>Electrocardiography</topic><topic>Electrocardiography - instrumentation</topic><topic>Electrocardiography - methods</topic><topic>Expert systems</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intelligent systems</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical services</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>mobile</topic><topic>Mobile handsets</topic><topic>Real time systems</topic><topic>Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted</topic><topic>Telemedicine - instrumentation</topic><topic>Telemedicine - methods</topic><topic>Telemetry - instrumentation</topic><topic>wireless</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lin, Chin-Teng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Kuan-Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Chun-Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiang, Chia-Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Shao-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Shih-Sheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Bor-Shyh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Hsin-Yueh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Ray-Jade</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Yuan-Teh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ko, Li-Wei</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lin, Chin-Teng</au><au>Chang, Kuan-Cheng</au><au>Lin, Chun-Ling</au><au>Chiang, Chia-Cheng</au><au>Lu, Shao-Wei</au><au>Chang, Shih-Sheng</au><au>Lin, Bor-Shyh</au><au>Liang, Hsin-Yueh</au><au>Chen, Ray-Jade</au><au>Lee, Yuan-Teh</au><au>Ko, Li-Wei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>An Intelligent Telecardiology System Using a Wearable and Wireless ECG to Detect Atrial Fibrillation</atitle><jtitle>IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics</jtitle><stitle>TITB</stitle><addtitle>IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed</addtitle><date>2010-05</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>726</spage><epage>733</epage><pages>726-733</pages><issn>1089-7771</issn><issn>2168-2194</issn><eissn>1558-0032</eissn><eissn>2168-2208</eissn><coden>ITIBFX</coden><abstract>This study presents a novel wireless, ambulatory, real-time, and autoalarm intelligent telecardiology system to improve healthcare for cardiovascular disease, which is one of the most prevalent and costly health problems in the world. This system consists of a lightweight and power-saving wireless ECG device equipped with a built-in automatic warning expert system. This device is connected to a mobile and ubiquitous real-time display platform. The acquired ECG signals are instantaneously transmitted to mobile devices, such as netbooks or mobile phones through Bluetooth, and then, processed by the expert system. An alert signal is sent to the remote database server, which can be accessed by an Internet browser, once an abnormal ECG is detected. The current version of the expert system can identify five types of abnormal cardiac rhythms in real-time, including sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, wide QRS complex, atrial fibrillation (AF), and cardiac asystole, which is very important for both the subjects who are being monitored and the healthcare personnel tracking cardiac-rhythm disorders. The proposed system also activates an emergency medical alarm system when problems occur. Clinical testing reveals that the proposed system is approximately 94% accurate, with high sensitivity, specificity, and positive prediction rates for ten normal subjects and 20 AF patients. We believe that in the future a business-card-like ECG device, accompanied with a mobile phone, can make universal cardiac protection service possible.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><pmid>20371411</pmid><doi>10.1109/TITB.2010.2047401</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext_linktorsrc |
identifier | ISSN: 1089-7771 |
ispartof | IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics, 2010-05, Vol.14 (3), p.726-733 |
issn | 1089-7771 2168-2194 1558-0032 2168-2208 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_ieee_primary_5443463 |
source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
subjects | Aged Aged, 80 and over Algorithms Atrial fibrillation Atrial fibrillation (AF) Atrial Fibrillation - diagnosis Biomedical monitoring Cardiac arrhythmia Cardiovascular diseases Computer Communication Networks Displays ECG Electrocardiography Electrocardiography - instrumentation Electrocardiography - methods Expert systems Female Humans Intelligent systems Male Medical services Middle Aged mobile Mobile handsets Real time systems Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted Telemedicine - instrumentation Telemedicine - methods Telemetry - instrumentation wireless |
title | An Intelligent Telecardiology System Using a Wearable and Wireless ECG to Detect Atrial Fibrillation |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-06T18%3A42%3A21IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_RIE&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An%20Intelligent%20Telecardiology%20System%20Using%20a%20Wearable%20and%20Wireless%20ECG%20to%20Detect%20Atrial%20Fibrillation&rft.jtitle=IEEE%20journal%20of%20biomedical%20and%20health%20informatics&rft.au=Lin,%20Chin-Teng&rft.date=2010-05&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=726&rft.epage=733&rft.pages=726-733&rft.issn=1089-7771&rft.eissn=1558-0032&rft.coden=ITIBFX&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109/TITB.2010.2047401&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_RIE%3E2717043631%3C/proquest_RIE%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1027211537&rft_id=info:pmid/20371411&rft_ieee_id=5443463&rfr_iscdi=true |