A Robust Microwave Rain Gauge

In this paper, we present an all-electronic rain gauge that uses microwave sensors operating at either 10 or 24 GHz and measures the Doppler shift caused by falling raindrops. It is straightforward to interface the microwave rain gauge with conventional data loggers. A disadvantage of the microwave...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement 2010-08, Vol.59 (8), p.2204-2210
Hauptverfasser:	Mansheim, T J, Kruger, A, Niemeier, J, Brysiewicz, A J B
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Associate members Cities and towns Dielectric resonator oscillators Doppler measurements Doppler shift Gunn devices Microwave devices Microwave measurements Microwave sensors Prototypes Rain Robustness Switches
Online-Zugang:	Volltext bestellen
Tags:	Tag hinzufügen Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!

container_end_page	2210
container_issue	8
container_start_page	2204
container_title	IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement
container_volume	59
creator	Mansheim, T J Kruger, A Niemeier, J Brysiewicz, A J B
description	In this paper, we present an all-electronic rain gauge that uses microwave sensors operating at either 10 or 24 GHz and measures the Doppler shift caused by falling raindrops. It is straightforward to interface the microwave rain gauge with conventional data loggers. A disadvantage of the microwave rain gauge is that it consumes significant power when operating. However, this may be partially negated by using the data loggers' sleep-wake-sleep mechanism. Advantages of the microwave rain gauge are that it is robust, does not clog, and does not have mechanical parts that wear out. Prototype microwave rain gauges were collocated with tipping-bucket rain gauges, and data were collected for several seasons. At higher rain rates, microwave rain gauge measurements compare well with tipping bucket measurements. At lower rain rates, the microwave rain gauge provides more detailed information than widely used tipping buckets, which inherently quantize measurements.
doi_str_mv	10.1109/TIM.2009.2031853
format	Article
fullrecord	<record><control><sourceid>proquest_RIE</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_ieee_primary_5298985</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><ieee_id>5298985</ieee_id><sourcerecordid>759316657</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c323t-186c66c0fc24f76e35b3252f6c6a595d41a312fe91d65f43bd5b13fac3897dfd3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkFFLwzAQgIMoOKfvgggFH3zqzCW9pHkcQ-dgQxjzOaRpIh1dO5tW8d-bseGDL3dw991x9xFyC3QCQNXTZrGaMEpVDBxy5GdkBIgyVUKwczKiFPJUZSguyVUIW0qpFJkckftpsm6LIfTJqrJd-22-XLI2VZPMzfDhrsmFN3VwN6c8Ju8vz5vZa7p8my9m02VqOeN9CrmwQljqLcu8FI5jwRkyH6sGFZYZGA7MOwWlQJ_xosQCuDeW50qWvuRj8njcu-_az8GFXu-qYF1dm8a1Q9ASFQchUEby4R-5bYeuicdpoEwyDhRFpOiRii-F0Dmv9121M91PhPRBl4669EGXPumKI3fHkco594cjU7mK7V9ggWL1</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1027231056</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A Robust Microwave Rain Gauge</title><source>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</source><creator>Mansheim, T J ; Kruger, A ; Niemeier, J ; Brysiewicz, A J B</creator><creatorcontrib>Mansheim, T J ; Kruger, A ; Niemeier, J ; Brysiewicz, A J B</creatorcontrib><description>In this paper, we present an all-electronic rain gauge that uses microwave sensors operating at either 10 or 24 GHz and measures the Doppler shift caused by falling raindrops. It is straightforward to interface the microwave rain gauge with conventional data loggers. A disadvantage of the microwave rain gauge is that it consumes significant power when operating. However, this may be partially negated by using the data loggers' sleep-wake-sleep mechanism. Advantages of the microwave rain gauge are that it is robust, does not clog, and does not have mechanical parts that wear out. Prototype microwave rain gauges were collocated with tipping-bucket rain gauges, and data were collected for several seasons. At higher rain rates, microwave rain gauge measurements compare well with tipping bucket measurements. At lower rain rates, the microwave rain gauge provides more detailed information than widely used tipping buckets, which inherently quantize measurements.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9456</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1557-9662</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2009.2031853</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IEIMAO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Associate members ; Cities and towns ; Dielectric resonator oscillators ; Doppler measurements ; Doppler shift ; Gunn devices ; Microwave devices ; Microwave measurements ; Microwave sensors ; Prototypes ; Rain ; Robustness ; Switches</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement, 2010-08, Vol.59 (8), p.2204-2210</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Aug 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c323t-186c66c0fc24f76e35b3252f6c6a595d41a312fe91d65f43bd5b13fac3897dfd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c323t-186c66c0fc24f76e35b3252f6c6a595d41a312fe91d65f43bd5b13fac3897dfd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5298985$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,792,27901,27902,54733</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5298985$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mansheim, T J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kruger, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niemeier, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brysiewicz, A J B</creatorcontrib><title>A Robust Microwave Rain Gauge</title><title>IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement</title><addtitle>TIM</addtitle><description>In this paper, we present an all-electronic rain gauge that uses microwave sensors operating at either 10 or 24 GHz and measures the Doppler shift caused by falling raindrops. It is straightforward to interface the microwave rain gauge with conventional data loggers. A disadvantage of the microwave rain gauge is that it consumes significant power when operating. However, this may be partially negated by using the data loggers' sleep-wake-sleep mechanism. Advantages of the microwave rain gauge are that it is robust, does not clog, and does not have mechanical parts that wear out. Prototype microwave rain gauges were collocated with tipping-bucket rain gauges, and data were collected for several seasons. At higher rain rates, microwave rain gauge measurements compare well with tipping bucket measurements. At lower rain rates, the microwave rain gauge provides more detailed information than widely used tipping buckets, which inherently quantize measurements.</description><subject>Associate members</subject><subject>Cities and towns</subject><subject>Dielectric resonator oscillators</subject><subject>Doppler measurements</subject><subject>Doppler shift</subject><subject>Gunn devices</subject><subject>Microwave devices</subject><subject>Microwave measurements</subject><subject>Microwave sensors</subject><subject>Prototypes</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Robustness</subject><subject>Switches</subject><issn>0018-9456</issn><issn>1557-9662</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkFFLwzAQgIMoOKfvgggFH3zqzCW9pHkcQ-dgQxjzOaRpIh1dO5tW8d-bseGDL3dw991x9xFyC3QCQNXTZrGaMEpVDBxy5GdkBIgyVUKwczKiFPJUZSguyVUIW0qpFJkckftpsm6LIfTJqrJd-22-XLI2VZPMzfDhrsmFN3VwN6c8Ju8vz5vZa7p8my9m02VqOeN9CrmwQljqLcu8FI5jwRkyH6sGFZYZGA7MOwWlQJ_xosQCuDeW50qWvuRj8njcu-_az8GFXu-qYF1dm8a1Q9ASFQchUEby4R-5bYeuicdpoEwyDhRFpOiRii-F0Dmv9121M91PhPRBl4669EGXPumKI3fHkco594cjU7mK7V9ggWL1</recordid><startdate>201008</startdate><enddate>201008</enddate><creator>Mansheim, T J</creator><creator>Kruger, A</creator><creator>Niemeier, J</creator><creator>Brysiewicz, A J B</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>KL.</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201008</creationdate><title>A Robust Microwave Rain Gauge</title><author>Mansheim, T J ; Kruger, A ; Niemeier, J ; Brysiewicz, A J B</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c323t-186c66c0fc24f76e35b3252f6c6a595d41a312fe91d65f43bd5b13fac3897dfd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Associate members</topic><topic>Cities and towns</topic><topic>Dielectric resonator oscillators</topic><topic>Doppler measurements</topic><topic>Doppler shift</topic><topic>Gunn devices</topic><topic>Microwave devices</topic><topic>Microwave measurements</topic><topic>Microwave sensors</topic><topic>Prototypes</topic><topic>Rain</topic><topic>Robustness</topic><topic>Switches</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mansheim, T J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kruger, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niemeier, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brysiewicz, A J B</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mansheim, T J</au><au>Kruger, A</au><au>Niemeier, J</au><au>Brysiewicz, A J B</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Robust Microwave Rain Gauge</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement</jtitle><stitle>TIM</stitle><date>2010-08</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>2204</spage><epage>2210</epage><pages>2204-2210</pages><issn>0018-9456</issn><eissn>1557-9662</eissn><coden>IEIMAO</coden><abstract>In this paper, we present an all-electronic rain gauge that uses microwave sensors operating at either 10 or 24 GHz and measures the Doppler shift caused by falling raindrops. It is straightforward to interface the microwave rain gauge with conventional data loggers. A disadvantage of the microwave rain gauge is that it consumes significant power when operating. However, this may be partially negated by using the data loggers' sleep-wake-sleep mechanism. Advantages of the microwave rain gauge are that it is robust, does not clog, and does not have mechanical parts that wear out. Prototype microwave rain gauges were collocated with tipping-bucket rain gauges, and data were collected for several seasons. At higher rain rates, microwave rain gauge measurements compare well with tipping bucket measurements. At lower rain rates, the microwave rain gauge provides more detailed information than widely used tipping buckets, which inherently quantize measurements.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TIM.2009.2031853</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext	fulltext_linktorsrc
identifier	ISSN: 0018-9456
ispartof	IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement, 2010-08, Vol.59 (8), p.2204-2210
issn	0018-9456 1557-9662
language	eng
recordid	cdi_ieee_primary_5298985
source	IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
subjects	Associate members Cities and towns Dielectric resonator oscillators Doppler measurements Doppler shift Gunn devices Microwave devices Microwave measurements Microwave sensors Prototypes Rain Robustness Switches
title	A Robust Microwave Rain Gauge
url	https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-15T05%3A15%3A52IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_RIE&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20Robust%20Microwave%20Rain%20Gauge&rft.jtitle=IEEE%20transactions%20on%20instrumentation%20and%20measurement&rft.au=Mansheim,%20T%20J&rft.date=2010-08&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2204&rft.epage=2210&rft.pages=2204-2210&rft.issn=0018-9456&rft.eissn=1557-9662&rft.coden=IEIMAO&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109/TIM.2009.2031853&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_RIE%3E759316657%3C/proquest_RIE%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1027231056&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_ieee_id=5298985&rfr_iscdi=true