Characterization of time variation on 1.9 GHz fixed wireless channels in suburban macrocell environments
We observed temporal fading on 1.9 GHz fixed wireless channels during short-term measurements at 107 different locations in a suburban macrocell environment characterized by flat terrain and heavy foliage in order to determine how the rate of fading varies with average wind speed and distance. For e...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on wireless communications 2009-08, Vol.8 (8), p.3975-3979 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on wireless communications |
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| creator | Liou, A.E.-L. Sivertsen, K.N. Michelson, D.G. |
| description | We observed temporal fading on 1.9 GHz fixed wireless channels during short-term measurements at 107 different locations in a suburban macrocell environment characterized by flat terrain and heavy foliage in order to determine how the rate of fading varies with average wind speed and distance. For each location, we estimated: (1) the Ricean K-factor using a moment-based estimator and (2) an equivalent Doppler frequency which is related to the maximum Doppler frequency by a factor that depends upon the shape of the Doppler spectrum. We did so by fitting the measured level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) distributions to expressions normally justified for mobile wireless links using a method recently proposed by Feick, Valenzuela and Ahumada (2007). As has been observed at other sites, the Ricean K-factor decreased with both average wind speed and distance. However, we found that the equivalent Doppler frequency was effectively uncorrelated with wind speed and noticeably increased with distance. Similar measurements at other sites will be required to determine the extent to which these trends are affected by foliage density and tower height. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TWC.2009.090211 |
| format | Article |
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For each location, we estimated: (1) the Ricean K-factor using a moment-based estimator and (2) an equivalent Doppler frequency which is related to the maximum Doppler frequency by a factor that depends upon the shape of the Doppler spectrum. We did so by fitting the measured level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) distributions to expressions normally justified for mobile wireless links using a method recently proposed by Feick, Valenzuela and Ahumada (2007). As has been observed at other sites, the Ricean K-factor decreased with both average wind speed and distance. However, we found that the equivalent Doppler frequency was effectively uncorrelated with wind speed and noticeably increased with distance. Similar measurements at other sites will be required to determine the extent to which these trends are affected by foliage density and tower height.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1536-1276</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-2248</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2009.090211</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITWCAX</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Amplitude estimation ; Applied sciences ; Channels ; Density ; Density measurement ; Doppler ; Doppler effect ; Doppler measurements ; Equivalence ; Exact sciences and technology ; Fading ; fading channels ; fixed wireless system ; Fluctuations ; Foliage ; Frequency estimation ; macrocell ; Macrocell networks ; multipoint communications system ; Shape ; Statistics ; Systems, networks and services of telecommunications ; Telecommunications ; Telecommunications and information theory ; Transmission and modulation (techniques and equipments) ; Velocity measurement ; Wind speed</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on wireless communications, 2009-08, Vol.8 (8), p.3975-3979</ispartof><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c350t-12f29822f04f7c6e599065a5e45d3d71ce948f7a5cabbedb2d1f83cf39b863673</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c350t-12f29822f04f7c6e599065a5e45d3d71ce948f7a5cabbedb2d1f83cf39b863673</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5200958$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,796,27924,27925,54758</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5200958$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21970133$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liou, A.E.-L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sivertsen, K.N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michelson, D.G.</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of time variation on 1.9 GHz fixed wireless channels in suburban macrocell environments</title><title>IEEE transactions on wireless communications</title><addtitle>TWC</addtitle><description>We observed temporal fading on 1.9 GHz fixed wireless channels during short-term measurements at 107 different locations in a suburban macrocell environment characterized by flat terrain and heavy foliage in order to determine how the rate of fading varies with average wind speed and distance. For each location, we estimated: (1) the Ricean K-factor using a moment-based estimator and (2) an equivalent Doppler frequency which is related to the maximum Doppler frequency by a factor that depends upon the shape of the Doppler spectrum. We did so by fitting the measured level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) distributions to expressions normally justified for mobile wireless links using a method recently proposed by Feick, Valenzuela and Ahumada (2007). As has been observed at other sites, the Ricean K-factor decreased with both average wind speed and distance. However, we found that the equivalent Doppler frequency was effectively uncorrelated with wind speed and noticeably increased with distance. Similar measurements at other sites will be required to determine the extent to which these trends are affected by foliage density and tower height.</description><subject>Amplitude estimation</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Channels</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Density measurement</subject><subject>Doppler</subject><subject>Doppler effect</subject><subject>Doppler measurements</subject><subject>Equivalence</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fading</subject><subject>fading channels</subject><subject>fixed wireless system</subject><subject>Fluctuations</subject><subject>Foliage</subject><subject>Frequency estimation</subject><subject>macrocell</subject><subject>Macrocell networks</subject><subject>multipoint communications system</subject><subject>Shape</subject><subject>Statistics</subject><subject>Systems, networks and services of telecommunications</subject><subject>Telecommunications</subject><subject>Telecommunications and information theory</subject><subject>Transmission and modulation (techniques and equipments)</subject><subject>Velocity measurement</subject><subject>Wind speed</subject><issn>1536-1276</issn><issn>1558-2248</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkMtLxDAQxoso-Dx78BIE8bRrHpvXUYquguBF8RjSdMJG2nRNWl9_vS277MHTDDO_-fjmK4pzgueEYH3z8lbOKcZ6jjWmhOwVR4RzNaN0ofannokZoVIcFsc5v2NMpOD8qFiVK5us6yGFX9uHLqLOoz60gD5tCttJRGSu0fLhF_nwDTX6CgkayBm5lY0RmoxCRHmohlTZiFrrUuegaRDEz5C62ELs82lx4G2T4WxbT4rX-7uX8mH29Lx8LG-fZo5x3I8WPdWKUo8XXjoBXGssuOWw4DWrJXGgF8pLy52tKqgrWhOvmPNMV0owIdlJcb3RXafuY4DcmzbkyY2N0A3ZKMkxURLTkbz8R753Q4qjOaMEwYJpPsndbKDxp5wTeLNOobXpxxBsptzNmLuZcjeb3MeLq62szc42PtnoQt6dUaIlJoyN3MWGCwCwW_NJiiv2B6rZi8o</recordid><startdate>20090801</startdate><enddate>20090801</enddate><creator>Liou, A.E.-L.</creator><creator>Sivertsen, K.N.</creator><creator>Michelson, D.G.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090801</creationdate><title>Characterization of time variation on 1.9 GHz fixed wireless channels in suburban macrocell environments</title><author>Liou, A.E.-L. ; Sivertsen, K.N. ; Michelson, D.G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c350t-12f29822f04f7c6e599065a5e45d3d71ce948f7a5cabbedb2d1f83cf39b863673</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Amplitude estimation</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Channels</topic><topic>Density</topic><topic>Density measurement</topic><topic>Doppler</topic><topic>Doppler effect</topic><topic>Doppler measurements</topic><topic>Equivalence</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Fading</topic><topic>fading channels</topic><topic>fixed wireless system</topic><topic>Fluctuations</topic><topic>Foliage</topic><topic>Frequency estimation</topic><topic>macrocell</topic><topic>Macrocell networks</topic><topic>multipoint communications system</topic><topic>Shape</topic><topic>Statistics</topic><topic>Systems, networks and services of telecommunications</topic><topic>Telecommunications</topic><topic>Telecommunications and information theory</topic><topic>Transmission and modulation (techniques and equipments)</topic><topic>Velocity measurement</topic><topic>Wind speed</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liou, A.E.-L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sivertsen, K.N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michelson, D.G.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on wireless communications</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liou, A.E.-L.</au><au>Sivertsen, K.N.</au><au>Michelson, D.G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of time variation on 1.9 GHz fixed wireless channels in suburban macrocell environments</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on wireless communications</jtitle><stitle>TWC</stitle><date>2009-08-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>3975</spage><epage>3979</epage><pages>3975-3979</pages><issn>1536-1276</issn><eissn>1558-2248</eissn><coden>ITWCAX</coden><abstract>We observed temporal fading on 1.9 GHz fixed wireless channels during short-term measurements at 107 different locations in a suburban macrocell environment characterized by flat terrain and heavy foliage in order to determine how the rate of fading varies with average wind speed and distance. For each location, we estimated: (1) the Ricean K-factor using a moment-based estimator and (2) an equivalent Doppler frequency which is related to the maximum Doppler frequency by a factor that depends upon the shape of the Doppler spectrum. We did so by fitting the measured level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) distributions to expressions normally justified for mobile wireless links using a method recently proposed by Feick, Valenzuela and Ahumada (2007). As has been observed at other sites, the Ricean K-factor decreased with both average wind speed and distance. However, we found that the equivalent Doppler frequency was effectively uncorrelated with wind speed and noticeably increased with distance. Similar measurements at other sites will be required to determine the extent to which these trends are affected by foliage density and tower height.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TWC.2009.090211</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Amplitude estimation Applied sciences Channels Density Density measurement Doppler Doppler effect Doppler measurements Equivalence Exact sciences and technology Fading fading channels fixed wireless system Fluctuations Foliage Frequency estimation macrocell Macrocell networks multipoint communications system Shape Statistics Systems, networks and services of telecommunications Telecommunications Telecommunications and information theory Transmission and modulation (techniques and equipments) Velocity measurement Wind speed |
| title | Characterization of time variation on 1.9 GHz fixed wireless channels in suburban macrocell environments |
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