Analysis of Common-Mode Voltage in Utility-Interactive Fuel Cell Power Conditioners
Fuel cell stacks produce a dc output with a 2:1 voltage variation from no load to full load. It is customary for a utility-scale fuel cell stack to consist of several hundreds of series-connected cells, each producing 0.6 V at full load. A power conditioner consisting of dc-dc and dc-ac converters i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982) 2009-01, Vol.56 (1), p.20-27 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982) |
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| creator | Palma, L. Todorovic, M.H. Enjeti, P.N. |
| description | Fuel cell stacks produce a dc output with a 2:1 voltage variation from no load to full load. It is customary for a utility-scale fuel cell stack to consist of several hundreds of series-connected cells, each producing 0.6 V at full load. A power conditioner consisting of dc-dc and dc-ac converters is required for utility interface, which are operated in high frequency, employing pulsewidth-modulation control for voltage and current regulation. Due to their switch-mode nature, a common-mode voltage with respect to ground is generated. The common-mode voltage, in turn, contributes to the circulating ground current, which can interfere with the ground fault protection system. In addition, it also contributes to the neutral shift and electromagnetic interference. Moreover, the electrostatic potential to ground within the fuel cell stack needs to be limited for safe operation. This paper presents an analysis of common-mode voltage in several fuel-cell-powered converter topologies connected to the electric utility and discusses several mitigation methods suitable for utility-scale generation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TIE.2008.2004382 |
| format | Article |
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It is customary for a utility-scale fuel cell stack to consist of several hundreds of series-connected cells, each producing 0.6 V at full load. A power conditioner consisting of dc-dc and dc-ac converters is required for utility interface, which are operated in high frequency, employing pulsewidth-modulation control for voltage and current regulation. Due to their switch-mode nature, a common-mode voltage with respect to ground is generated. The common-mode voltage, in turn, contributes to the circulating ground current, which can interfere with the ground fault protection system. In addition, it also contributes to the neutral shift and electromagnetic interference. Moreover, the electrostatic potential to ground within the fuel cell stack needs to be limited for safe operation. This paper presents an analysis of common-mode voltage in several fuel-cell-powered converter topologies connected to the electric utility and discusses several mitigation methods suitable for utility-scale generation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0278-0046</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1557-9948</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2008.2004382</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITIED6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Common-mode current ; common-mode voltage ; Conditioners ; Current control ; DC-DC power converters ; Electric currents ; Electric potential ; Electric power generation ; Electromagnetic interference ; Electrostatics ; Frequency conversion ; fuel cell ; Fuel cells ; Full load ; Grounds ; Power industry ; Protection ; Stacks ; Topology ; utility interactive ; Voltage ; Voltage control</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982), 2009-01, Vol.56 (1), p.20-27</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c385t-b44a8b45a8d2415e9c2843f0d9c2cb4498a2fbfe992d6f83b74faf525cc0f5a23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c385t-b44a8b45a8d2415e9c2843f0d9c2cb4498a2fbfe992d6f83b74faf525cc0f5a23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4608744$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,796,27924,27925,54758</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4608744$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Palma, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Todorovic, M.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enjeti, P.N.</creatorcontrib><title>Analysis of Common-Mode Voltage in Utility-Interactive Fuel Cell Power Conditioners</title><title>IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982)</title><addtitle>TIE</addtitle><description>Fuel cell stacks produce a dc output with a 2:1 voltage variation from no load to full load. It is customary for a utility-scale fuel cell stack to consist of several hundreds of series-connected cells, each producing 0.6 V at full load. A power conditioner consisting of dc-dc and dc-ac converters is required for utility interface, which are operated in high frequency, employing pulsewidth-modulation control for voltage and current regulation. Due to their switch-mode nature, a common-mode voltage with respect to ground is generated. The common-mode voltage, in turn, contributes to the circulating ground current, which can interfere with the ground fault protection system. In addition, it also contributes to the neutral shift and electromagnetic interference. Moreover, the electrostatic potential to ground within the fuel cell stack needs to be limited for safe operation. This paper presents an analysis of common-mode voltage in several fuel-cell-powered converter topologies connected to the electric utility and discusses several mitigation methods suitable for utility-scale generation.</description><subject>Common-mode current</subject><subject>common-mode voltage</subject><subject>Conditioners</subject><subject>Current control</subject><subject>DC-DC power converters</subject><subject>Electric currents</subject><subject>Electric potential</subject><subject>Electric power generation</subject><subject>Electromagnetic interference</subject><subject>Electrostatics</subject><subject>Frequency conversion</subject><subject>fuel cell</subject><subject>Fuel cells</subject><subject>Full load</subject><subject>Grounds</subject><subject>Power industry</subject><subject>Protection</subject><subject>Stacks</subject><subject>Topology</subject><subject>utility interactive</subject><subject>Voltage</subject><subject>Voltage control</subject><issn>0278-0046</issn><issn>1557-9948</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1Lw0AQhhdRsFbvgpfgQU-p-5nsHqW0Wqgo2HoNm2RWtiTZupsq_fduafHgQS8zA_O8M8O8CF0SPCIEq7vFbDKiGMtd4EzSIzQgQuSpUlweowGmuUxjJztFZyGsMCZcEDFAr_edbrbBhsSZZOza1nXpk6sheXNNr98hsV2y7G1j-20663rwuurtJyTTDTTJGJomeXFf4KO0q21vXQc-nKMTo5sAF4c8RMvpZDF-TOfPD7Px_TytmBR9WnKuZcmFljXlRICqqOTM4DoWVWwqqakpDShF68xIVubcaCOoqCpshKZsiG73c9fefWwg9EVrQxVv0h24TSgUZhkTRP5PykxJwTAWkbz5k2Q8PldwHMHrX-DKbXx8Zpwmci5YRnYQ3kOVdyF4MMXa21b7bUFwsbOtiLYVO9uKg21RcrWXWAD4wXmGZR5XfwNzYJJa</recordid><startdate>200901</startdate><enddate>200901</enddate><creator>Palma, L.</creator><creator>Todorovic, M.H.</creator><creator>Enjeti, P.N.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200901</creationdate><title>Analysis of Common-Mode Voltage in Utility-Interactive Fuel Cell Power Conditioners</title><author>Palma, L. ; Todorovic, M.H. ; Enjeti, P.N.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c385t-b44a8b45a8d2415e9c2843f0d9c2cb4498a2fbfe992d6f83b74faf525cc0f5a23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Common-mode current</topic><topic>common-mode voltage</topic><topic>Conditioners</topic><topic>Current control</topic><topic>DC-DC power converters</topic><topic>Electric currents</topic><topic>Electric potential</topic><topic>Electric power generation</topic><topic>Electromagnetic interference</topic><topic>Electrostatics</topic><topic>Frequency conversion</topic><topic>fuel cell</topic><topic>Fuel cells</topic><topic>Full load</topic><topic>Grounds</topic><topic>Power industry</topic><topic>Protection</topic><topic>Stacks</topic><topic>Topology</topic><topic>utility interactive</topic><topic>Voltage</topic><topic>Voltage control</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Palma, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Todorovic, M.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enjeti, P.N.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Palma, L.</au><au>Todorovic, M.H.</au><au>Enjeti, P.N.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Analysis of Common-Mode Voltage in Utility-Interactive Fuel Cell Power Conditioners</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982)</jtitle><stitle>TIE</stitle><date>2009-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>20</spage><epage>27</epage><pages>20-27</pages><issn>0278-0046</issn><eissn>1557-9948</eissn><coden>ITIED6</coden><abstract>Fuel cell stacks produce a dc output with a 2:1 voltage variation from no load to full load. It is customary for a utility-scale fuel cell stack to consist of several hundreds of series-connected cells, each producing 0.6 V at full load. A power conditioner consisting of dc-dc and dc-ac converters is required for utility interface, which are operated in high frequency, employing pulsewidth-modulation control for voltage and current regulation. Due to their switch-mode nature, a common-mode voltage with respect to ground is generated. The common-mode voltage, in turn, contributes to the circulating ground current, which can interfere with the ground fault protection system. In addition, it also contributes to the neutral shift and electromagnetic interference. Moreover, the electrostatic potential to ground within the fuel cell stack needs to be limited for safe operation. This paper presents an analysis of common-mode voltage in several fuel-cell-powered converter topologies connected to the electric utility and discusses several mitigation methods suitable for utility-scale generation.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TIE.2008.2004382</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | IEEE transactions on industrial electronics (1982), 2009-01, Vol.56 (1), p.20-27 |
| issn | 0278-0046 1557-9948 |
| language | eng |
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| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Common-mode current common-mode voltage Conditioners Current control DC-DC power converters Electric currents Electric potential Electric power generation Electromagnetic interference Electrostatics Frequency conversion fuel cell Fuel cells Full load Grounds Power industry Protection Stacks Topology utility interactive Voltage Voltage control |
| title | Analysis of Common-Mode Voltage in Utility-Interactive Fuel Cell Power Conditioners |
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