Pad printed front contacts for c-Si solar cells - a technological and economical evaluation
Transfer pad printing is a promising technique that allows overcoming restrictions of conventional screen printing regarding front side metallisation of c-Si solar cells. Within this work a pad printed front grid in an industrial process scenario is evaluated. Technological as well as economical asp...
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| creator | Huljic, D.M. Thormann, S. Preu, R. Ludemann, R. Willeke, G. |
| description | Transfer pad printing is a promising technique that allows overcoming restrictions of conventional screen printing regarding front side metallisation of c-Si solar cells. Within this work a pad printed front grid in an industrial process scenario is evaluated. Technological as well as economical aspects are addressed. Regarding technological evaluation, contact lines of 45 /spl mu/m printed on 10 /spl times/ 10 cm/sup 2/ wafers demonstrate the fine line printing ability of pad printing on large areas. The ability to print on uneven and fragile substrates like EFG material is proven. However, low paste transfer limits the line resistance and, thus, fill factor. Nevertheless, based on an extensive optimization of printing parameters including different pad types, values > 75% are achieved for double printing. Economical analysis reveals above 3% cost reduction per watt peak compared to state-of-the-art screen printing, taking into account the benefits of pad printing. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190472 |
| format | Conference Proceeding |
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Within this work a pad printed front grid in an industrial process scenario is evaluated. Technological as well as economical aspects are addressed. Regarding technological evaluation, contact lines of 45 /spl mu/m printed on 10 /spl times/ 10 cm/sup 2/ wafers demonstrate the fine line printing ability of pad printing on large areas. The ability to print on uneven and fragile substrates like EFG material is proven. However, low paste transfer limits the line resistance and, thus, fill factor. Nevertheless, based on an extensive optimization of printing parameters including different pad types, values > 75% are achieved for double printing. Economical analysis reveals above 3% cost reduction per watt peak compared to state-of-the-art screen printing, taking into account the benefits of pad printing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1060-8371</identifier><identifier>ISBN: 9780780374713</identifier><identifier>ISBN: 0780374711</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190472</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Piscataway NJ: IEEE</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Atherosclerosis ; Costs ; Economic data ; Electrical resistance measurement ; Energy ; Energy economics ; Exact sciences and technology ; General, economic and professional studies ; Metal product industries ; Metallization ; Metals industry ; Natural energy ; Photovoltaic cells ; Photovoltaic conversion ; Power generation economics ; Printing ; Production ; Solar cells. 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Within this work a pad printed front grid in an industrial process scenario is evaluated. Technological as well as economical aspects are addressed. Regarding technological evaluation, contact lines of 45 /spl mu/m printed on 10 /spl times/ 10 cm/sup 2/ wafers demonstrate the fine line printing ability of pad printing on large areas. The ability to print on uneven and fragile substrates like EFG material is proven. However, low paste transfer limits the line resistance and, thus, fill factor. Nevertheless, based on an extensive optimization of printing parameters including different pad types, values > 75% are achieved for double printing. Economical analysis reveals above 3% cost reduction per watt peak compared to state-of-the-art screen printing, taking into account the benefits of pad printing.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis</subject><subject>Costs</subject><subject>Economic data</subject><subject>Electrical resistance measurement</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Energy economics</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>General, economic and professional studies</subject><subject>Metal product industries</subject><subject>Metallization</subject><subject>Metals industry</subject><subject>Natural energy</subject><subject>Photovoltaic cells</subject><subject>Photovoltaic conversion</subject><subject>Power generation economics</subject><subject>Printing</subject><subject>Production</subject><subject>Solar cells. Photoelectrochemical cells</subject><subject>Solar energy</subject><issn>1060-8371</issn><isbn>9780780374713</isbn><isbn>0780374711</isbn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>conference_proceeding</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>conference_proceeding</recordtype><sourceid>6IE</sourceid><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNpFUE1LAzEQDahgqf0B4iUXj1sz-c5Ril9QsFD14qFMs1mNpJuyWQX_vcEKDsPMPObNMG8IOQc2B2DuavWyXsw5Y7xCx6ThR2TmjGXVhZEGxDGZANOsscLAKZmV8sGqSQXGyQl5XWFL90Psx9DSbsj9SH0N6MdCuzxQ36wjLTlhLUNKhTYU6Rj8e59TfoseE8W-paEO5d0vDF-YPnGMuT8jJx2mEmZ_eUqeb2-eFvfN8vHuYXG9bCKXemxEa4xFJRU3Sminuaxy2sDBwhYFGLChDYC820pvFTruVGe2iEJar7UIYkouD3v3WOoF3YC9j2VTVe1w-N6AUtoaLSvv4sCLIYT_9uFt4geqiF-T</recordid><startdate>2002</startdate><enddate>2002</enddate><creator>Huljic, D.M.</creator><creator>Thormann, S.</creator><creator>Preu, R.</creator><creator>Ludemann, R.</creator><creator>Willeke, G.</creator><general>IEEE</general><scope>6IE</scope><scope>6IH</scope><scope>CBEJK</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>RIO</scope><scope>IQODW</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2002</creationdate><title>Pad printed front contacts for c-Si solar cells - a technological and economical evaluation</title><author>Huljic, D.M. ; Thormann, S. ; Preu, R. ; Ludemann, R. ; Willeke, G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-i246t-3d778a545275369624200de2181ba31718ede1a2fb4c85a9295f7baa348c663e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>conference_proceedings</rsrctype><prefilter>conference_proceedings</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis</topic><topic>Costs</topic><topic>Economic data</topic><topic>Electrical resistance measurement</topic><topic>Energy</topic><topic>Energy economics</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>General, economic and professional studies</topic><topic>Metal product industries</topic><topic>Metallization</topic><topic>Metals industry</topic><topic>Natural energy</topic><topic>Photovoltaic cells</topic><topic>Photovoltaic conversion</topic><topic>Power generation economics</topic><topic>Printing</topic><topic>Production</topic><topic>Solar cells. Photoelectrochemical cells</topic><topic>Solar energy</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Huljic, D.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thormann, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Preu, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ludemann, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Willeke, G.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings</collection><collection>IEEE Proceedings Order Plan (POP) 1998-present by volume</collection><collection>IEEE Xplore All Conference Proceedings</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>IEEE Proceedings Order Plans (POP) 1998-present</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Huljic, D.M.</au><au>Thormann, S.</au><au>Preu, R.</au><au>Ludemann, R.</au><au>Willeke, G.</au><format>book</format><genre>proceeding</genre><ristype>CONF</ristype><atitle>Pad printed front contacts for c-Si solar cells - a technological and economical evaluation</atitle><btitle>Conference Record of the Twenty-Ninth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2002</btitle><stitle>PVSC</stitle><date>2002</date><risdate>2002</risdate><spage>126</spage><epage>129</epage><pages>126-129</pages><issn>1060-8371</issn><isbn>9780780374713</isbn><isbn>0780374711</isbn><abstract>Transfer pad printing is a promising technique that allows overcoming restrictions of conventional screen printing regarding front side metallisation of c-Si solar cells. Within this work a pad printed front grid in an industrial process scenario is evaluated. Technological as well as economical aspects are addressed. Regarding technological evaluation, contact lines of 45 /spl mu/m printed on 10 /spl times/ 10 cm/sup 2/ wafers demonstrate the fine line printing ability of pad printing on large areas. The ability to print on uneven and fragile substrates like EFG material is proven. However, low paste transfer limits the line resistance and, thus, fill factor. Nevertheless, based on an extensive optimization of printing parameters including different pad types, values > 75% are achieved for double printing. Economical analysis reveals above 3% cost reduction per watt peak compared to state-of-the-art screen printing, taking into account the benefits of pad printing.</abstract><cop>Piscataway NJ</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190472</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1060-8371 |
| ispartof | Conference Record of the Twenty-Ninth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2002, 2002, p.126-129 |
| issn | 1060-8371 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_ieee_primary_1190472 |
| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings |
| subjects | Applied sciences Atherosclerosis Costs Economic data Electrical resistance measurement Energy Energy economics Exact sciences and technology General, economic and professional studies Metal product industries Metallization Metals industry Natural energy Photovoltaic cells Photovoltaic conversion Power generation economics Printing Production Solar cells. Photoelectrochemical cells Solar energy |
| title | Pad printed front contacts for c-Si solar cells - a technological and economical evaluation |
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