High-Efficiency and High-Linearity Class-F ^ Power Amplifier With AM-AM and AM-PM Improvement
In this article, a high-efficiency and high-linearity Class-F ^{{-1}} power amplifier (PA) is presented. The input nonlinearity effect on Class-F ^{{-1}} PA is investigated in depth, and the input nonlinearity factors \gamma and \varphi_{{2}} are utilized to improve the AM-AM and AM-PM charac...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters (Print) 2024-11, p.1-4 |
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| creator | Ji, Xiaobin Yang, Huifeng Zhong, Cheng Li, Xiaosong Yuan, Donghui Wang, Jinjie Zhang, Ting Xiao, Fei |
| description | In this article, a high-efficiency and high-linearity Class-F ^{{-1}} power amplifier (PA) is presented. The input nonlinearity effect on Class-F ^{{-1}} PA is investigated in depth, and the input nonlinearity factors \gamma and \varphi_{{2}} are utilized to improve the AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics. In practice, the linearity of Class-F ^{{-1}} PA is enhanced by manipulating the second-harmonic source impedance, without sacrificing the drain efficiency (DE). The design space is clearly defined for high-efficiency and high-linearity operation. For demonstration, a PA example working at 3.5-3.9 GHz was designed, fabricated, and measured. It exhibits the saturated output power greater than 40.2 dBm, the saturated gain is 8.9-14.3 dB, and DE is 65.7%-74.2%. When tested with a 40-MHz 64-QAM signal with an 8.5-dB peak-to-average-power-ratio (PAPR), the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is below - 44.41 dBc without digital predistortion (DPD) and - 56.4 dBc with DPD. At 3.8 GHz, the fabricated PA realizes an AM-AM of 0.7 dB and an AM-PM of -1^{\circ} without DPD and an AM-AM of 0.2 dB and AM-PM of -0.7^{\circ} with DPD. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3479425 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>crossref_RIE</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_ieee_primary_10750476</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><ieee_id>10750476</ieee_id><sourcerecordid>10_1109_LMWT_2024_3479425</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c636-b22664e0ccc2475c5f1e20a454f87390e89d173b2a28a5c9d546fbe8b59b05963</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpNkMtqAjEUQENpoWL9gEIX-YHYJJPHZDmIVmGGuhDsph0y8aamOKMk0uLf1xelq3u43HMXB6FHRoeMUfNcVsvFkFMuhpnQRnB5g3pca0aMzPPbP9Zv92iQ0hellBvFFZM99D4Nn2sy9j64AJ07YNut8HlXhg5sDPsDHm1sSmSCP_B8-wMRF-1uE3w40jLs17ioSFGdvSPNKzxrd3H7DS10-wd05-0mweA6-2gxGS9GU1K-vsxGRUmcyhRpOFdKAHXOcaGlk54Bp1ZI4XOdGQq5WTGdNdzy3EpnVlIo30DeSNNQaVTWR-zy1sVtShF8vYuhtfFQM1qfCtWnQvWpUH0tdHSeLk4AgH_3WlKhVfYLlhZgYg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>High-Efficiency and High-Linearity Class-F ^ Power Amplifier With AM-AM and AM-PM Improvement</title><source>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</source><creator>Ji, Xiaobin ; Yang, Huifeng ; Zhong, Cheng ; Li, Xiaosong ; Yuan, Donghui ; Wang, Jinjie ; Zhang, Ting ; Xiao, Fei</creator><creatorcontrib>Ji, Xiaobin ; Yang, Huifeng ; Zhong, Cheng ; Li, Xiaosong ; Yuan, Donghui ; Wang, Jinjie ; Zhang, Ting ; Xiao, Fei</creatorcontrib><description><![CDATA[In this article, a high-efficiency and high-linearity Class-F<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{{-1}}</tex-math> </inline-formula> power amplifier (PA) is presented. The input nonlinearity effect on Class-F<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{{-1}}</tex-math> </inline-formula> PA is investigated in depth, and the input nonlinearity factors <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\gamma </tex-math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\varphi_{{2}}</tex-math> </inline-formula> are utilized to improve the AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics. In practice, the linearity of Class-F<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{{-1}}</tex-math> </inline-formula> PA is enhanced by manipulating the second-harmonic source impedance, without sacrificing the drain efficiency (DE). The design space is clearly defined for high-efficiency and high-linearity operation. For demonstration, a PA example working at 3.5-3.9 GHz was designed, fabricated, and measured. It exhibits the saturated output power greater than 40.2 dBm, the saturated gain is 8.9-14.3 dB, and DE is 65.7%-74.2%. When tested with a 40-MHz 64-QAM signal with an 8.5-dB peak-to-average-power-ratio (PAPR), the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is below <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">-</tex-math> </inline-formula>44.41 dBc without digital predistortion (DPD) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">-</tex-math> </inline-formula>56.4 dBc with DPD. At 3.8 GHz, the fabricated PA realizes an AM-AM of 0.7 dB and an AM-PM of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">-1^{\circ}</tex-math> </inline-formula> without DPD and an AM-AM of 0.2 dB and AM-PM of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">-0.7^{\circ}</tex-math> </inline-formula> with DPD.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 2771-957X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2771-9588</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3479425</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IMWTAZ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>IEEE</publisher><subject>Class-F<inline-formula xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> ^{-1}</tex-math> </inline-formula> power amplifier (PA) ; drain efficiency (DE) ; Frequency conversion ; Gain ; gain compression (GC) ; Gain measurement ; Impedance ; input nonlinearity ; Linearity ; Microwave amplifiers ; Microwave technology ; phase distortion (PD) ; Power generation ; Power measurement ; Wireless communication</subject><ispartof>IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters (Print), 2024-11, p.1-4</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>zhch306@foxmail.com</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10750476$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,796,27923,27924,54757</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10750476$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ji, Xiaobin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Huifeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xiaosong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Donghui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jinjie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Fei</creatorcontrib><title>High-Efficiency and High-Linearity Class-F ^ Power Amplifier With AM-AM and AM-PM Improvement</title><title>IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters (Print)</title><addtitle>LMWT</addtitle><description><![CDATA[In this article, a high-efficiency and high-linearity Class-F<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{{-1}}</tex-math> </inline-formula> power amplifier (PA) is presented. The input nonlinearity effect on Class-F<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{{-1}}</tex-math> </inline-formula> PA is investigated in depth, and the input nonlinearity factors <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\gamma </tex-math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\varphi_{{2}}</tex-math> </inline-formula> are utilized to improve the AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics. In practice, the linearity of Class-F<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{{-1}}</tex-math> </inline-formula> PA is enhanced by manipulating the second-harmonic source impedance, without sacrificing the drain efficiency (DE). The design space is clearly defined for high-efficiency and high-linearity operation. For demonstration, a PA example working at 3.5-3.9 GHz was designed, fabricated, and measured. It exhibits the saturated output power greater than 40.2 dBm, the saturated gain is 8.9-14.3 dB, and DE is 65.7%-74.2%. When tested with a 40-MHz 64-QAM signal with an 8.5-dB peak-to-average-power-ratio (PAPR), the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is below <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">-</tex-math> </inline-formula>44.41 dBc without digital predistortion (DPD) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">-</tex-math> </inline-formula>56.4 dBc with DPD. At 3.8 GHz, the fabricated PA realizes an AM-AM of 0.7 dB and an AM-PM of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">-1^{\circ}</tex-math> </inline-formula> without DPD and an AM-AM of 0.2 dB and AM-PM of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">-0.7^{\circ}</tex-math> </inline-formula> with DPD.]]></description><subject>Class-F<inline-formula xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> ^{-1}</tex-math> </inline-formula> power amplifier (PA)</subject><subject>drain efficiency (DE)</subject><subject>Frequency conversion</subject><subject>Gain</subject><subject>gain compression (GC)</subject><subject>Gain measurement</subject><subject>Impedance</subject><subject>input nonlinearity</subject><subject>Linearity</subject><subject>Microwave amplifiers</subject><subject>Microwave technology</subject><subject>phase distortion (PD)</subject><subject>Power generation</subject><subject>Power measurement</subject><subject>Wireless communication</subject><issn>2771-957X</issn><issn>2771-9588</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkMtqAjEUQENpoWL9gEIX-YHYJJPHZDmIVmGGuhDsph0y8aamOKMk0uLf1xelq3u43HMXB6FHRoeMUfNcVsvFkFMuhpnQRnB5g3pca0aMzPPbP9Zv92iQ0hellBvFFZM99D4Nn2sy9j64AJ07YNut8HlXhg5sDPsDHm1sSmSCP_B8-wMRF-1uE3w40jLs17ioSFGdvSPNKzxrd3H7DS10-wd05-0mweA6-2gxGS9GU1K-vsxGRUmcyhRpOFdKAHXOcaGlk54Bp1ZI4XOdGQq5WTGdNdzy3EpnVlIo30DeSNNQaVTWR-zy1sVtShF8vYuhtfFQM1qfCtWnQvWpUH0tdHSeLk4AgH_3WlKhVfYLlhZgYg</recordid><startdate>20241111</startdate><enddate>20241111</enddate><creator>Ji, Xiaobin</creator><creator>Yang, Huifeng</creator><creator>Zhong, Cheng</creator><creator>Li, Xiaosong</creator><creator>Yuan, Donghui</creator><creator>Wang, Jinjie</creator><creator>Zhang, Ting</creator><creator>Xiao, Fei</creator><general>IEEE</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/zhch306@foxmail.com</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241111</creationdate><title>High-Efficiency and High-Linearity Class-F ^ Power Amplifier With AM-AM and AM-PM Improvement</title><author>Ji, Xiaobin ; Yang, Huifeng ; Zhong, Cheng ; Li, Xiaosong ; Yuan, Donghui ; Wang, Jinjie ; Zhang, Ting ; Xiao, Fei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c636-b22664e0ccc2475c5f1e20a454f87390e89d173b2a28a5c9d546fbe8b59b05963</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Class-F<inline-formula xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> ^{-1}</tex-math> </inline-formula> power amplifier (PA)</topic><topic>drain efficiency (DE)</topic><topic>Frequency conversion</topic><topic>Gain</topic><topic>gain compression (GC)</topic><topic>Gain measurement</topic><topic>Impedance</topic><topic>input nonlinearity</topic><topic>Linearity</topic><topic>Microwave amplifiers</topic><topic>Microwave technology</topic><topic>phase distortion (PD)</topic><topic>Power generation</topic><topic>Power measurement</topic><topic>Wireless communication</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ji, Xiaobin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Huifeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xiaosong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Donghui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jinjie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Fei</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters (Print)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ji, Xiaobin</au><au>Yang, Huifeng</au><au>Zhong, Cheng</au><au>Li, Xiaosong</au><au>Yuan, Donghui</au><au>Wang, Jinjie</au><au>Zhang, Ting</au><au>Xiao, Fei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>High-Efficiency and High-Linearity Class-F ^ Power Amplifier With AM-AM and AM-PM Improvement</atitle><jtitle>IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters (Print)</jtitle><stitle>LMWT</stitle><date>2024-11-11</date><risdate>2024</risdate><spage>1</spage><epage>4</epage><pages>1-4</pages><issn>2771-957X</issn><eissn>2771-9588</eissn><coden>IMWTAZ</coden><abstract><![CDATA[In this article, a high-efficiency and high-linearity Class-F<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{{-1}}</tex-math> </inline-formula> power amplifier (PA) is presented. The input nonlinearity effect on Class-F<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{{-1}}</tex-math> </inline-formula> PA is investigated in depth, and the input nonlinearity factors <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\gamma </tex-math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\varphi_{{2}}</tex-math> </inline-formula> are utilized to improve the AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics. In practice, the linearity of Class-F<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{{-1}}</tex-math> </inline-formula> PA is enhanced by manipulating the second-harmonic source impedance, without sacrificing the drain efficiency (DE). The design space is clearly defined for high-efficiency and high-linearity operation. For demonstration, a PA example working at 3.5-3.9 GHz was designed, fabricated, and measured. It exhibits the saturated output power greater than 40.2 dBm, the saturated gain is 8.9-14.3 dB, and DE is 65.7%-74.2%. When tested with a 40-MHz 64-QAM signal with an 8.5-dB peak-to-average-power-ratio (PAPR), the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is below <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">-</tex-math> </inline-formula>44.41 dBc without digital predistortion (DPD) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">-</tex-math> </inline-formula>56.4 dBc with DPD. At 3.8 GHz, the fabricated PA realizes an AM-AM of 0.7 dB and an AM-PM of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">-1^{\circ}</tex-math> </inline-formula> without DPD and an AM-AM of 0.2 dB and AM-PM of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">-0.7^{\circ}</tex-math> </inline-formula> with DPD.]]></abstract><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/LMWT.2024.3479425</doi><tpages>4</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/zhch306@foxmail.com</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Class-F<inline-formula xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> ^{-1}</tex-math> </inline-formula> power amplifier (PA) drain efficiency (DE) Frequency conversion Gain gain compression (GC) Gain measurement Impedance input nonlinearity Linearity Microwave amplifiers Microwave technology phase distortion (PD) Power generation Power measurement Wireless communication |
| title | High-Efficiency and High-Linearity Class-F ^ Power Amplifier With AM-AM and AM-PM Improvement |
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