Cyber Security of HVDC Systems: A Review of Cyber Threats, Defense, and Testbeds

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology is one of the key enablers of the energy transition, especially for offshore wind energy systems. While extensive research on cyber security of High Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) systems has been conducted, limited research exists on cyber security...

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Veröffentlicht in:	IEEE access 2024, Vol.12, p.165756-165773
Hauptverfasser:	Presekal, Alfan, Jorjani, Mohsen, Rajkumar, Vetrivel Subramaniam, Goyel, Himanshu, Cibin, Nicola, Semertzis, Ioannis, Stefanov, Alexandru, Palensky, Peter
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Cyber attack cyber defense cyber security Cyber-physical systems Cyberattack Cybersecurity Direct current Electric power transmission High voltages High-voltage techniques HVAC HVAC equipment HVDC HVDC transmission IEC Standards Offshore energy sources Power grids power system Protection Reviews Security aspects State-of-the-art reviews Surveys Test stands testbeds Threat evaluation Transmission lines vulnerability Wind power
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