A Microwave Sensor Based on Frequency-Locked Loop and Multiple Complementary Split-Ring Resonators for Retrieving Complex Permittivity of Liquid Samples

A novel microwave sensing system based on frequency-locked loop (FLL) and multiple complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) is proposed in this article. The microwave sensing system consists of two main parts: one is FLL-based sensor and another is demodulated circuit. The FLL-based sensor is com...

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Veröffentlicht in:	IEEE sensors journal 2023-12, Vol.23 (24), p.30345-30359
Hauptverfasser:	Wu, Wen-Jing, Zhao, Wen-Sheng
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Circuits Complex permittivity dc voltage Error analysis Frequency locking Frequency shift frequency-locked loop (FLL) High pass filters Low noise Low pass filters Microwave circuits Microwave oscillators Microwave sensors multiple complementary split-ring resonators (MCSRRs) Permittivity Phase shifters Power splitters Radio frequency Resonance Resonant frequencies Resonant frequency Resonators Sensors Spectrum analysers Voltage controlled oscillators
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