Near-Field Calibration Methods for Integrated Analog Beamforming Arrays and Focal Plane Array Feeds
Active millimeter-wave beamforming arrays and focal plane array antennas require extensive calibration to compensate for impairments, such as phase and gain variations between elements, as well as unintended coupling between changes in gain and phase. When far-field calibration methods are used for...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2023-01, Vol.4, p.1-1 |
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| creator | Bude, Roel X.F. Hastenberg, Kevin A.P. Van Johannsen, Ulf Smolders, A. Bart |
| description | Active millimeter-wave beamforming arrays and focal plane array antennas require extensive calibration to compensate for impairments, such as phase and gain variations between elements, as well as unintended coupling between changes in gain and phase. When far-field calibration methods are used for calibrating focal plane array antennas, the required size of the anechoic chamber is exceedingly large. For this reason, a near-field calibration method for millimeter-wave analog beamforming array antennas and focal plane array antennas is proposed. Nonidealities of the beamformer integrated circuits with vector modulators are taken into consideration, and a way to reduce the measurement set for vector modulators with high resolution is proposed. This method is both practical and achieves a good calibration as evidenced by measurements of the radiation patterns, and it is suitable for use in an automated factory calibration setup. The important trade-off between the radiated power and side-lobe level is highlighted. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/OJAP.2023.3304371 |
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Van</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johannsen, Ulf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smolders, A. Bart</creatorcontrib><title>Near-Field Calibration Methods for Integrated Analog Beamforming Arrays and Focal Plane Array Feeds</title><title>IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation</title><addtitle>OJAP</addtitle><description>Active millimeter-wave beamforming arrays and focal plane array antennas require extensive calibration to compensate for impairments, such as phase and gain variations between elements, as well as unintended coupling between changes in gain and phase. When far-field calibration methods are used for calibrating focal plane array antennas, the required size of the anechoic chamber is exceedingly large. For this reason, a near-field calibration method for millimeter-wave analog beamforming array antennas and focal plane array antennas is proposed. Nonidealities of the beamformer integrated circuits with vector modulators are taken into consideration, and a way to reduce the measurement set for vector modulators with high resolution is proposed. This method is both practical and achieves a good calibration as evidenced by measurements of the radiation patterns, and it is suitable for use in an automated factory calibration setup. The important trade-off between the radiated power and side-lobe level is highlighted.</description><subject>Antenna arrays</subject><subject>Antenna measurements</subject><subject>Array</subject><subject>Array signal processing</subject><subject>Arrays</subject><subject>Beamforming</subject><subject>Calibration</subject><subject>Couplings</subject><subject>Factory calibration</subject><subject>Focal plane array</subject><subject>mmWave</subject><subject>Near-field</subject><subject>Phased arrays</subject><subject>Reflector antenna</subject><issn>2637-6431</issn><issn>2637-6431</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ESBDL</sourceid><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkM9OwzAMhysEEtPYAyBxyAt0xEn_HstEYWiwHeAcuYlTOnUNSnvZ29PRCe1k62f7k_wFwT3wJQDPH7dvxW4puJBLKXkkU7gKZiKRaZhEEq4v-ttg0fd7zrmIAUAks0B_EPqwbKg1bIVtU3kcGtexdxq-nemZdZ6tu4HqMSfDig5bV7MnwsM4OTRdzQrv8dgz7AwrncaW7VrsaIpZSWT6u-DGYtvT4lznwVf5_Ll6DTfbl_Wq2IRapvEQCuAImFXEpdZGRqnIUmNzY0GKShuABKWwRBKsqCwlSUYxGc0ljC9n2sp5sJ64xuFe_fjmgP6oHDbqL3C-VuiHRrek8kqIPNKZMHEWUS4zqohyaxKrE5EbM7JgYmnv-t6T_ecBVyfp6iRdnaSrs_Tx5mG6aYjoYl9AFEep_AXyon4z</recordid><startdate>20230101</startdate><enddate>20230101</enddate><creator>Bude, Roel X.F.</creator><creator>Hastenberg, Kevin A.P. 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Bart</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-210a1a8be03ccd347287df9df132bcd116a32fee31f2bfe668e5edc0314378cf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Antenna arrays</topic><topic>Antenna measurements</topic><topic>Array</topic><topic>Array signal processing</topic><topic>Arrays</topic><topic>Beamforming</topic><topic>Calibration</topic><topic>Couplings</topic><topic>Factory calibration</topic><topic>Focal plane array</topic><topic>mmWave</topic><topic>Near-field</topic><topic>Phased arrays</topic><topic>Reflector antenna</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bude, Roel X.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hastenberg, Kevin A.P. Van</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johannsen, Ulf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smolders, A. Bart</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE Open Access Journals</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bude, Roel X.F.</au><au>Hastenberg, Kevin A.P. Van</au><au>Johannsen, Ulf</au><au>Smolders, A. Bart</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Near-Field Calibration Methods for Integrated Analog Beamforming Arrays and Focal Plane Array Feeds</atitle><jtitle>IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation</jtitle><stitle>OJAP</stitle><date>2023-01-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>4</volume><spage>1</spage><epage>1</epage><pages>1-1</pages><issn>2637-6431</issn><eissn>2637-6431</eissn><coden>IJSTK4</coden><abstract>Active millimeter-wave beamforming arrays and focal plane array antennas require extensive calibration to compensate for impairments, such as phase and gain variations between elements, as well as unintended coupling between changes in gain and phase. When far-field calibration methods are used for calibrating focal plane array antennas, the required size of the anechoic chamber is exceedingly large. For this reason, a near-field calibration method for millimeter-wave analog beamforming array antennas and focal plane array antennas is proposed. Nonidealities of the beamformer integrated circuits with vector modulators are taken into consideration, and a way to reduce the measurement set for vector modulators with high resolution is proposed. This method is both practical and achieves a good calibration as evidenced by measurements of the radiation patterns, and it is suitable for use in an automated factory calibration setup. The important trade-off between the radiated power and side-lobe level is highlighted.</abstract><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/OJAP.2023.3304371</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6115-0123</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6498-0699</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6645-6308</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8641-7412</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | IEEE Open Access Journals; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Antenna arrays Antenna measurements Array Array signal processing Arrays Beamforming Calibration Couplings Factory calibration Focal plane array mmWave Near-field Phased arrays Reflector antenna |
| title | Near-Field Calibration Methods for Integrated Analog Beamforming Arrays and Focal Plane Array Feeds |
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