Active Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting (STAR)-RISs: Modelling and Analysis
A hardware model for active simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RISs) is proposed consisting of reflection-type amplifiers. The amplitude gains of the STAR element are derived for both coupled and independent phase-shift scenarios. Based on the propos...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE communications letters 2023-09, Vol.27 (9), p.1-1 |
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| creator | Xu, Jiaqi Zuo, Jiakuo Zhou, Joey Tianyi Liu, Yuanwei |
| description | A hardware model for active simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RISs) is proposed consisting of reflection-type amplifiers. The amplitude gains of the STAR element are derived for both coupled and independent phase-shift scenarios. Based on the proposed hardware model, an active STAR-RIS-aided two-user downlink communication system is investigated. Closed-form expressions are obtained for the outage probabilities of both the coupled and independent phase-shift scenarios. To obtain further insights, scaling laws and diversity orders are derived for both users. Analytical results confirm that active STAR-RIS achieves the same diversity orders as passive ones while their scaling laws are different. It is proved that average received SNRs scale with M and M 2 for active and passive STAR-RISs, respectively. Numerical results show that active STAR-RISs outperform passive STAR-RISs in terms of outage probability especially when the number of elements is small. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/LCOMM.2023.3289066 |
| format | Article |
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The amplitude gains of the STAR element are derived for both coupled and independent phase-shift scenarios. Based on the proposed hardware model, an active STAR-RIS-aided two-user downlink communication system is investigated. Closed-form expressions are obtained for the outage probabilities of both the coupled and independent phase-shift scenarios. To obtain further insights, scaling laws and diversity orders are derived for both users. Analytical results confirm that active STAR-RIS achieves the same diversity orders as passive ones while their scaling laws are different. It is proved that average received SNRs scale with M and M 2 for active and passive STAR-RISs, respectively. Numerical results show that active STAR-RISs outperform passive STAR-RISs in terms of outage probability especially when the number of elements is small.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1089-7798</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-2558</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2023.3289066</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ICLEF6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Active RIS ; Communications systems ; Couplers ; Delay lines ; Hardware ; hardware modelling ; Outages ; Phase shift ; PIN photodiodes ; Scaling laws ; Signal to noise ratio ; simultaneous transmitting and reflecting (STAR) ; Stars ; Transmission ; Wireless communication</subject><ispartof>IEEE communications letters, 2023-09, Vol.27 (9), p.1-1</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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The amplitude gains of the STAR element are derived for both coupled and independent phase-shift scenarios. Based on the proposed hardware model, an active STAR-RIS-aided two-user downlink communication system is investigated. Closed-form expressions are obtained for the outage probabilities of both the coupled and independent phase-shift scenarios. To obtain further insights, scaling laws and diversity orders are derived for both users. Analytical results confirm that active STAR-RIS achieves the same diversity orders as passive ones while their scaling laws are different. It is proved that average received SNRs scale with M and M 2 for active and passive STAR-RISs, respectively. Numerical results show that active STAR-RISs outperform passive STAR-RISs in terms of outage probability especially when the number of elements is small.</description><subject>Active RIS</subject><subject>Communications systems</subject><subject>Couplers</subject><subject>Delay lines</subject><subject>Hardware</subject><subject>hardware modelling</subject><subject>Outages</subject><subject>Phase shift</subject><subject>PIN photodiodes</subject><subject>Scaling laws</subject><subject>Signal to noise ratio</subject><subject>simultaneous transmitting and reflecting (STAR)</subject><subject>Stars</subject><subject>Transmission</subject><subject>Wireless communication</subject><issn>1089-7798</issn><issn>1558-2558</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkEtLw0AUhQdRsFb_gLgIuNFF6rwz4y4UH4WWQhvXw3RyR1LSpGaSQv-96UNwc-69cM7l8CF0T_CIEKxfpuP5bDaimLIRo0pjKS_QgAihYtrLZb9jpeMk0eoa3YSwxhgrKsgAfaWuLXYQLYtNV7a2groL5T7KGluFTdG2RfUd2SqPFuBLcMfzaZmli-d4MVmG12hW51CWf660suU-FOEWXXlbBrg7zyHK3t-y8Wc8nX9Mxuk0dlTLNk68Y9w5wEw4JynWK2E1ldpb7ygTnGCKk1UuKAfQBCR3uXRCkV4STzgbosfT221T_3QQWrOuu6bvEAxVkjNOEnFw0ZPLNXUIDXizbYqNbfaGYHOgZ470zIGeOdPrQw-nUAEA_wJEMqUl-wXXZmr5</recordid><startdate>20230901</startdate><enddate>20230901</enddate><creator>Xu, Jiaqi</creator><creator>Zuo, Jiakuo</creator><creator>Zhou, Joey Tianyi</creator><creator>Liu, Yuanwei</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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The amplitude gains of the STAR element are derived for both coupled and independent phase-shift scenarios. Based on the proposed hardware model, an active STAR-RIS-aided two-user downlink communication system is investigated. Closed-form expressions are obtained for the outage probabilities of both the coupled and independent phase-shift scenarios. To obtain further insights, scaling laws and diversity orders are derived for both users. Analytical results confirm that active STAR-RIS achieves the same diversity orders as passive ones while their scaling laws are different. It is proved that average received SNRs scale with M and M 2 for active and passive STAR-RISs, respectively. Numerical results show that active STAR-RISs outperform passive STAR-RISs in terms of outage probability especially when the number of elements is small.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/LCOMM.2023.3289066</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-181X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-8941</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-7559</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Active RIS Communications systems Couplers Delay lines Hardware hardware modelling Outages Phase shift PIN photodiodes Scaling laws Signal to noise ratio simultaneous transmitting and reflecting (STAR) Stars Transmission Wireless communication |
| title | Active Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting (STAR)-RISs: Modelling and Analysis |
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