Ultra-Low Power Photoplethysmography (PPG) Sensors: A Methodological Review
PPG sensors are used to accurately, instantaneously, and non-invasively measure vital signs to provide a real-time indication of overall physical health and long-term well-being. Achieving long-term continuous monitoring is an important requirement to increase user safety and diagnostic accuracy. PP...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE sensors journal 2023-06, p.1-1 |
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| creator | Ebrahimi, Zobair Gosselin, Benoit |
| description | PPG sensors are used to accurately, instantaneously, and non-invasively measure vital signs to provide a real-time indication of overall physical health and long-term well-being. Achieving long-term continuous monitoring is an important requirement to increase user safety and diagnostic accuracy. PPG sensors need a light-emitting diode (LED) with sufficient output power to detect the PPG signal, which consumes tens of mW. On the other hand, low AC/DC ratios of |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3284818 |
| format | Article |
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Achieving long-term continuous monitoring is an important requirement to increase user safety and diagnostic accuracy. PPG sensors need a light-emitting diode (LED) with sufficient output power to detect the PPG signal, which consumes tens of mW. On the other hand, low AC/DC ratios of <0.1-4%, ambient light, motion artifacts, and semiconductor noise greatly affect the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), dynamic range (DR), and signal quality. Specialized circuit blocks are needed to cancel these interferences, further increasing power consumption. Several ultra-low-power designs, circuit techniques, and sampling schemes have been proposed in the literature to extend PPG sensors' lifetime. This paper reviews, analyzes, and critiques these solutions to provide designers with comprehensive design considerations for achieving ultra-low power consumption while achieving the required SNR and DR in a PPG sensor design.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1530-437X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3284818</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ISJEAZ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>IEEE</publisher><subject>aggressive duty cycling ; compressive sampling ; DC component ; event-driven sampling ; Heart rate ; LED ; LED driver ; Light emitting diodes ; light-to-digital converter (LDC) ; Power demand ; PPG ; readout topologies ; sampling schemes ; Sensors ; Signal to noise ratio ; SNR ; Topology ; transimpedance amplifier (TIA) ; Ultra-low-power ; Voltage</subject><ispartof>IEEE sensors journal, 2023-06, p.1-1</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0003-1473-3451</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10153489$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,792,27903,27904,54736</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10153489$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ebrahimi, Zobair</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gosselin, Benoit</creatorcontrib><title>Ultra-Low Power Photoplethysmography (PPG) Sensors: A Methodological Review</title><title>IEEE sensors journal</title><addtitle>JSEN</addtitle><description>PPG sensors are used to accurately, instantaneously, and non-invasively measure vital signs to provide a real-time indication of overall physical health and long-term well-being. Achieving long-term continuous monitoring is an important requirement to increase user safety and diagnostic accuracy. PPG sensors need a light-emitting diode (LED) with sufficient output power to detect the PPG signal, which consumes tens of mW. On the other hand, low AC/DC ratios of <0.1-4%, ambient light, motion artifacts, and semiconductor noise greatly affect the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), dynamic range (DR), and signal quality. Specialized circuit blocks are needed to cancel these interferences, further increasing power consumption. Several ultra-low-power designs, circuit techniques, and sampling schemes have been proposed in the literature to extend PPG sensors' lifetime. This paper reviews, analyzes, and critiques these solutions to provide designers with comprehensive design considerations for achieving ultra-low power consumption while achieving the required SNR and DR in a PPG sensor design.</description><subject>aggressive duty cycling</subject><subject>compressive sampling</subject><subject>DC component</subject><subject>event-driven sampling</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>LED</subject><subject>LED driver</subject><subject>Light emitting diodes</subject><subject>light-to-digital converter (LDC)</subject><subject>Power demand</subject><subject>PPG</subject><subject>readout topologies</subject><subject>sampling schemes</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Signal to noise ratio</subject><subject>SNR</subject><subject>Topology</subject><subject>transimpedance amplifier (TIA)</subject><subject>Ultra-low-power</subject><subject>Voltage</subject><issn>1530-437X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNqFzrsOgjAUgOEOmnh9ABOHjjqALcUAbsagxluIaOJGGj0KpnpISyS8vQzuTv_wLT8hA85szlkw2cThwXaYI2zh-K7P_QZp86lgliu8S4t0jHkyxgNv6rXJ9qwKLa0dljTCEjSNUiwwV1CklXnhQ8s8regoilZjGsPboDYzOqf72vGGCh_ZVSp6hE8GZY8071IZ6P_aJcNleFqsrQwAklxnL6mrhLP6xfUD8Ye_Ov08HA</recordid><startdate>20230614</startdate><enddate>20230614</enddate><creator>Ebrahimi, Zobair</creator><creator>Gosselin, Benoit</creator><general>IEEE</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1473-3451</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230614</creationdate><title>Ultra-Low Power Photoplethysmography (PPG) Sensors: A Methodological Review</title><author>Ebrahimi, Zobair ; Gosselin, Benoit</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-ieee_primary_101534893</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>aggressive duty cycling</topic><topic>compressive sampling</topic><topic>DC component</topic><topic>event-driven sampling</topic><topic>Heart rate</topic><topic>LED</topic><topic>LED driver</topic><topic>Light emitting diodes</topic><topic>light-to-digital converter (LDC)</topic><topic>Power demand</topic><topic>PPG</topic><topic>readout topologies</topic><topic>sampling schemes</topic><topic>Sensors</topic><topic>Signal to noise ratio</topic><topic>SNR</topic><topic>Topology</topic><topic>transimpedance amplifier (TIA)</topic><topic>Ultra-low-power</topic><topic>Voltage</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ebrahimi, Zobair</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gosselin, Benoit</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><jtitle>IEEE sensors journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ebrahimi, Zobair</au><au>Gosselin, Benoit</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ultra-Low Power Photoplethysmography (PPG) Sensors: A Methodological Review</atitle><jtitle>IEEE sensors journal</jtitle><stitle>JSEN</stitle><date>2023-06-14</date><risdate>2023</risdate><spage>1</spage><epage>1</epage><pages>1-1</pages><issn>1530-437X</issn><coden>ISJEAZ</coden><abstract>PPG sensors are used to accurately, instantaneously, and non-invasively measure vital signs to provide a real-time indication of overall physical health and long-term well-being. Achieving long-term continuous monitoring is an important requirement to increase user safety and diagnostic accuracy. PPG sensors need a light-emitting diode (LED) with sufficient output power to detect the PPG signal, which consumes tens of mW. On the other hand, low AC/DC ratios of <0.1-4%, ambient light, motion artifacts, and semiconductor noise greatly affect the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), dynamic range (DR), and signal quality. Specialized circuit blocks are needed to cancel these interferences, further increasing power consumption. Several ultra-low-power designs, circuit techniques, and sampling schemes have been proposed in the literature to extend PPG sensors' lifetime. This paper reviews, analyzes, and critiques these solutions to provide designers with comprehensive design considerations for achieving ultra-low power consumption while achieving the required SNR and DR in a PPG sensor design.</abstract><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/JSEN.2023.3284818</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1473-3451</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | aggressive duty cycling compressive sampling DC component event-driven sampling Heart rate LED LED driver Light emitting diodes light-to-digital converter (LDC) Power demand PPG readout topologies sampling schemes Sensors Signal to noise ratio SNR Topology transimpedance amplifier (TIA) Ultra-low-power Voltage |
| title | Ultra-Low Power Photoplethysmography (PPG) Sensors: A Methodological Review |
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