The Structure and Reactivity of the Halogenobenzenes

The structure of the halogenobenzenes is described in terms of an inductive effect acting on the meta-positions and polarization between neighbouring atoms, in addition to the well-recognized mesomeric and inductive effects at the ortho- and para-positions. Data on the side-chain reactions of aromatic compounds are correlated with those on nitration (with recognition of the effect of transition-state resonance in the latter case) to provide estimates of the charge distribution in the aromatic nucleus. The dipole moments of the halogenobenzenes are calculated.