Prevalence and Detailed Mapping of the Gonococcal Genetic Island in Neisseria meningitidis
The 57-kb gonococcal genetic island (GGI) encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS) that is found in most strains of N. gonorrhoeae. This T4SS functions to secrete single-stranded DNA that is active in natural transformation. The GGI has also been found in some strains of N. meningitidis. We screene...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of Bacteriology 2012-05, Vol.194 (9), p.2275-2285 |
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| creator | Woodhams, Katelynn L Benet, Zachary L Blonsky, Sarah E Hackett, Kathleen T Dillard, Joseph P |
| description | The 57-kb gonococcal genetic island (GGI) encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS) that is found in most strains of N. gonorrhoeae. This T4SS functions to secrete single-stranded DNA that is active in natural transformation. The GGI has also been found in some strains of N. meningitidis. We screened 126 isolates of N. meningitidis and found the GGI in 17.5% of strains, with the prevalence varying widely among serogroups. The GGI is found in a significant number of serogroup C, W-135, and X strains but was not found in strains of serogroup A, B, or Y. Through detailed PCR mapping and DNA sequencing, we identified five distinct GGI types in meningococci. DNA sequencing and a genetic assay revealed that the GGI was likely integrated into the meningococcal chromosome by the site-specific recombinase XerCD and that the GGI can be excised and lost from the genome. Functional studies showed that in contrast with the gonococcal T4SS, the meningococcal T4SS does not secrete DNA, nor does it confer Ton-independent intracellular survival. Deletion of T4SS genes did not affect association with or invasion of host cells. These results demonstrate that the GGI is found in a significant proportion of meningococcal strains and that while some strains carry multiple insertions and deletions in the GGI, other strains carry intact T4SS genes and may produce functional secretion systems. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1128/JB.00094-12 |
| format | Article |
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This T4SS functions to secrete single-stranded DNA that is active in natural transformation. The GGI has also been found in some strains of N. meningitidis. We screened 126 isolates of N. meningitidis and found the GGI in 17.5% of strains, with the prevalence varying widely among serogroups. The GGI is found in a significant number of serogroup C, W-135, and X strains but was not found in strains of serogroup A, B, or Y. Through detailed PCR mapping and DNA sequencing, we identified five distinct GGI types in meningococci. DNA sequencing and a genetic assay revealed that the GGI was likely integrated into the meningococcal chromosome by the site-specific recombinase XerCD and that the GGI can be excised and lost from the genome. Functional studies showed that in contrast with the gonococcal T4SS, the meningococcal T4SS does not secrete DNA, nor does it confer Ton-independent intracellular survival. Deletion of T4SS genes did not affect association with or invasion of host cells. These results demonstrate that the GGI is found in a significant proportion of meningococcal strains and that while some strains carry multiple insertions and deletions in the GGI, other strains carry intact T4SS genes and may produce functional secretion systems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9193</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-5530</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1067-8832</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1128/JB.00094-12</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22366419</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JOBAAY</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology</publisher><subject>Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins - genetics ; Bacterial Proteins - metabolism ; Bacteriological Techniques ; Bacteriology ; Bioassays ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes ; Chromosomes, Bacterial - genetics ; Coculture Techniques ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; DNA, Bacterial - genetics ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial - physiology ; genes ; Genetics ; Gram-negative bacteria ; Microbiology ; Miscellaneous ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae - genetics ; Neisseria meningitidis ; Neisseria meningitidis - genetics ; Neisseria meningitidis - metabolism ; polymerase chain reaction ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; secretion ; sequence analysis ; serotypes ; single-stranded DNA</subject><ispartof>Journal of Bacteriology, 2012-05, Vol.194 (9), p.2275-2285</ispartof><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Society for Microbiology May 2012</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. 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This T4SS functions to secrete single-stranded DNA that is active in natural transformation. The GGI has also been found in some strains of N. meningitidis. We screened 126 isolates of N. meningitidis and found the GGI in 17.5% of strains, with the prevalence varying widely among serogroups. The GGI is found in a significant number of serogroup C, W-135, and X strains but was not found in strains of serogroup A, B, or Y. Through detailed PCR mapping and DNA sequencing, we identified five distinct GGI types in meningococci. DNA sequencing and a genetic assay revealed that the GGI was likely integrated into the meningococcal chromosome by the site-specific recombinase XerCD and that the GGI can be excised and lost from the genome. Functional studies showed that in contrast with the gonococcal T4SS, the meningococcal T4SS does not secrete DNA, nor does it confer Ton-independent intracellular survival. Deletion of T4SS genes did not affect association with or invasion of host cells. These results demonstrate that the GGI is found in a significant proportion of meningococcal strains and that while some strains carry multiple insertions and deletions in the GGI, other strains carry intact T4SS genes and may produce functional secretion systems.</description><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>Bacterial Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Bacterial Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Bacteriological Techniques</subject><subject>Bacteriology</subject><subject>Bioassays</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chromosome Mapping</subject><subject>Chromosomes</subject><subject>Chromosomes, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>Coculture Techniques</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial - physiology</subject><subject>genes</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Gram-negative bacteria</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Neisseria gonorrhoeae - genetics</subject><subject>Neisseria meningitidis</subject><subject>Neisseria meningitidis - genetics</subject><subject>Neisseria meningitidis - metabolism</subject><subject>polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Promoter Regions, Genetic</subject><subject>secretion</subject><subject>sequence analysis</subject><subject>serotypes</subject><subject>single-stranded DNA</subject><issn>0021-9193</issn><issn>1098-5530</issn><issn>1067-8832</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0s-PEyEUB_CJ0bh19eRdxxijiZn1AcMMXEzcVetu1h-J7sULofBoaaZQYbrG_15q6_rjYDwQDnzelzweVXWXwBEhVDw7Oz4CANk2hF6rJgSkaDhncL2aAFDSSCLZQXUr5yUAaVtOb1YHlLKua4mcVJ8_JLzUAwaDtQ62fomj9gPa-q1er32Y19HV4wLraQzRRGP0UE8x4OhNfZqHbYUP9Tv0OWPyul5hKEV-9Nbn29UNp4eMd_b7YXXx-tWnkzfN-fvp6cmL88Zw3o4N6yT2rnPWzDoNhjhhO2ZB2k4Kw6XjTorOsRlHjRb0jFnWSkqcFV2p1x07rJ7vcteb2QqtwTAmPah18iudvqmovfrzJPiFmsdLxVjbgxAl4PE-IMUvG8yjWvlscCjtYdxkJSWTIBnbXvXkn5J0veBU0P4_KFAQnPeCFvrwL7qMmxTKmxVVxikY7VlRT3fKpJhzQnfVIQG1_Qjq7Fj9-AiKbDPv_f4oV_bn5At4tAc6l6m6pIPx-ZfjAigDUtyDnVv4-eKrT6h0XqnlTJFykSx5PS_m_s44HZWep5Jz8ZEC4bBdtBXsO1Xwzh4</recordid><startdate>20120501</startdate><enddate>20120501</enddate><creator>Woodhams, Katelynn L</creator><creator>Benet, Zachary L</creator><creator>Blonsky, Sarah E</creator><creator>Hackett, Kathleen T</creator><creator>Dillard, Joseph P</creator><general>American Society for Microbiology</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120501</creationdate><title>Prevalence and Detailed Mapping of the Gonococcal Genetic Island in Neisseria meningitidis</title><author>Woodhams, Katelynn L ; Benet, Zachary L ; Blonsky, Sarah E ; Hackett, Kathleen T ; Dillard, Joseph P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-369e7f6fdcb6a0c1f8d63d09d698c59f5f986f3b5eaed0ab3d34921fd86554a63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Amino Acid Sequence</topic><topic>Bacterial Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Bacterial Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Bacteriological Techniques</topic><topic>Bacteriology</topic><topic>Bioassays</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chromosome Mapping</topic><topic>Chromosomes</topic><topic>Chromosomes, Bacterial - genetics</topic><topic>Coculture Techniques</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial - physiology</topic><topic>genes</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Gram-negative bacteria</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae - genetics</topic><topic>Neisseria meningitidis</topic><topic>Neisseria meningitidis - genetics</topic><topic>Neisseria meningitidis - metabolism</topic><topic>polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Promoter Regions, Genetic</topic><topic>secretion</topic><topic>sequence analysis</topic><topic>serotypes</topic><topic>single-stranded DNA</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Woodhams, Katelynn L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benet, Zachary L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blonsky, Sarah E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hackett, Kathleen T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dillard, Joseph P</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of Bacteriology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Woodhams, Katelynn L</au><au>Benet, Zachary L</au><au>Blonsky, Sarah E</au><au>Hackett, Kathleen T</au><au>Dillard, Joseph P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence and Detailed Mapping of the Gonococcal Genetic Island in Neisseria meningitidis</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Bacteriology</jtitle><addtitle>J Bacteriol</addtitle><date>2012-05-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>194</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>2275</spage><epage>2285</epage><pages>2275-2285</pages><issn>0021-9193</issn><eissn>1098-5530</eissn><eissn>1067-8832</eissn><coden>JOBAAY</coden><abstract>The 57-kb gonococcal genetic island (GGI) encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS) that is found in most strains of N. gonorrhoeae. This T4SS functions to secrete single-stranded DNA that is active in natural transformation. The GGI has also been found in some strains of N. meningitidis. We screened 126 isolates of N. meningitidis and found the GGI in 17.5% of strains, with the prevalence varying widely among serogroups. The GGI is found in a significant number of serogroup C, W-135, and X strains but was not found in strains of serogroup A, B, or Y. Through detailed PCR mapping and DNA sequencing, we identified five distinct GGI types in meningococci. DNA sequencing and a genetic assay revealed that the GGI was likely integrated into the meningococcal chromosome by the site-specific recombinase XerCD and that the GGI can be excised and lost from the genome. Functional studies showed that in contrast with the gonococcal T4SS, the meningococcal T4SS does not secrete DNA, nor does it confer Ton-independent intracellular survival. Deletion of T4SS genes did not affect association with or invasion of host cells. These results demonstrate that the GGI is found in a significant proportion of meningococcal strains and that while some strains carry multiple insertions and deletions in the GGI, other strains carry intact T4SS genes and may produce functional secretion systems.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Society for Microbiology</pub><pmid>22366419</pmid><doi>10.1128/JB.00094-12</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Amino Acid Sequence Bacterial Proteins - genetics Bacterial Proteins - metabolism Bacteriological Techniques Bacteriology Bioassays Biological and medical sciences Chromosome Mapping Chromosomes Chromosomes, Bacterial - genetics Coculture Techniques Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA, Bacterial - genetics Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial - physiology genes Genetics Gram-negative bacteria Microbiology Miscellaneous Molecular Sequence Data Neisseria gonorrhoeae - genetics Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria meningitidis - genetics Neisseria meningitidis - metabolism polymerase chain reaction Promoter Regions, Genetic secretion sequence analysis serotypes single-stranded DNA |
| title | Prevalence and Detailed Mapping of the Gonococcal Genetic Island in Neisseria meningitidis |
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