ICE GENESIS: Synergetic Aircraft and Ground-Based Remote Sensing and In Situ Measurements of Snowfall Microphysical Properties
An international field experiment took place in the Swiss Jura in January 2021 as a milestone of the European ICE GENESIS project ( www.ice-genesis.eu/ ), which aims to better measure, understand, and model the ice/snow particle properties and mechanisms responsible for icing of rotor-craft and airc...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2023-02, Vol.104 (2), p.E367-E388 |
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| creator | Billault-Roux, Anne-Claire Grazioli, Jacopo Delanoë, Julien Jorquera, Susana Pauwels, Nicolas Viltard, Nicolas Martini, Audrey Mariage, Vincent Le Gac, Christophe Caudoux, Christophe Aubry, Clémantyne Bertrand, Fabrice Schwarzenboeck, Alfons Jaffeux, Louis Coutris, Pierre Febvre, Guy Pichon, Jean Marc Dezitter, Fabien Gehring, Josué Untersee, Aude Calas, Christophe Figueras i Ventura, Jordi Vie, Benoit Peyrat, Adrien Curat, Valentin Rebouissoux, Simon Berne, Alexis |
| description | An international field experiment took place in the Swiss Jura in January 2021 as a milestone of the European ICE GENESIS project (
www.ice-genesis.eu/
), which aims to better measure, understand, and model the ice/snow particle properties and mechanisms responsible for icing of rotor-craft and aircraft. The field campaign was designed to collect observations of clouds and snowfall at a prescribed range of temperatures (−10° to +2°C). The suite of in situ and remote sensing instruments included airborne probes and imagers on board a SAFIRE ATR-42 aircraft, able to sample liquid and ice particles from the micron to the millimeter size range, as well as icing sensors and cameras. Two 95 GHz Doppler cloud radars were installed on the SAFIRE ATR-42, while six Doppler weather radars operating at frequencies ranging from 10 to 95 GHz (and one lidar) were ground based. An operational polarimetric weather radar in nearby France (Montancy) complements the coverage. Finally, observations of standard meteorological variables as well as high-resolution pictures of falling snowflakes from a multiangle snowflake camera were collected at the ground level. The campaign showed its full potential during five (multihourly) flights where precipitation was monitored from cloud to ground. The originality of this campaign resides in the targeted specific temperature range for snowfall and in the synchronization between the ground-based remote sensing and the aircraft trajectories designed to maximize the collection of in situ observations within the column above the radar systems. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0184.1 |
| format | Article |
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www.ice-genesis.eu/
), which aims to better measure, understand, and model the ice/snow particle properties and mechanisms responsible for icing of rotor-craft and aircraft. The field campaign was designed to collect observations of clouds and snowfall at a prescribed range of temperatures (−10° to +2°C). The suite of in situ and remote sensing instruments included airborne probes and imagers on board a SAFIRE ATR-42 aircraft, able to sample liquid and ice particles from the micron to the millimeter size range, as well as icing sensors and cameras. Two 95 GHz Doppler cloud radars were installed on the SAFIRE ATR-42, while six Doppler weather radars operating at frequencies ranging from 10 to 95 GHz (and one lidar) were ground based. An operational polarimetric weather radar in nearby France (Montancy) complements the coverage. Finally, observations of standard meteorological variables as well as high-resolution pictures of falling snowflakes from a multiangle snowflake camera were collected at the ground level. The campaign showed its full potential during five (multihourly) flights where precipitation was monitored from cloud to ground. The originality of this campaign resides in the targeted specific temperature range for snowfall and in the synchronization between the ground-based remote sensing and the aircraft trajectories designed to maximize the collection of in situ observations within the column above the radar systems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-0007</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-0477</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0184.1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>Aerosols ; Airborne instruments ; Airborne remote sensing ; Airborne sensing ; Aircraft ; Aircraft design ; Aircraft icing ; Aviation ; Cameras ; Certification ; Clouds ; Design ; Doppler sonar ; Earth Sciences ; Experiments ; Ice ; Ice particles ; Icing ; In situ measurement ; Instruments ; Lidar ; Meteorological radar ; Meteorology ; Precipitation ; Radar ; Radar equipment ; Rain ; Remote sensing ; Sciences of the Universe ; Sensors ; Snow ; Snowfall ; Snowflakes ; Synchronism ; Synchronization ; Temperature ; Weather ; Weather radar</subject><ispartof>Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2023-02, Vol.104 (2), p.E367-E388</ispartof><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society 2023</rights><rights>Copyright</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c1931-dee8ddcf9cc52ac0c8861c1cb30706c4b7a58963524434e0227557cf3800ec383</citedby><orcidid>0000-0001-9655-075X ; 0000-0001-5120-1249 ; 0000-0002-6021-0603 ; 0000-0001-9710-994X ; 0009-0006-6327-8415 ; 0000-0002-8386-5506 ; 0000-0002-2246-5111</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,3668,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://insu.hal.science/insu-04012416$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Billault-Roux, Anne-Claire</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grazioli, Jacopo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delanoë, Julien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jorquera, Susana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pauwels, Nicolas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Viltard, Nicolas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martini, Audrey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariage, Vincent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le Gac, Christophe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caudoux, Christophe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aubry, Clémantyne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bertrand, Fabrice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwarzenboeck, Alfons</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaffeux, Louis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coutris, Pierre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Febvre, Guy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pichon, Jean Marc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dezitter, Fabien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gehring, Josué</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Untersee, Aude</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calas, Christophe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Figueras i Ventura, Jordi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vie, Benoit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peyrat, Adrien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Curat, Valentin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rebouissoux, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berne, Alexis</creatorcontrib><title>ICE GENESIS: Synergetic Aircraft and Ground-Based Remote Sensing and In Situ Measurements of Snowfall Microphysical Properties</title><title>Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society</title><description>An international field experiment took place in the Swiss Jura in January 2021 as a milestone of the European ICE GENESIS project (
www.ice-genesis.eu/
), which aims to better measure, understand, and model the ice/snow particle properties and mechanisms responsible for icing of rotor-craft and aircraft. The field campaign was designed to collect observations of clouds and snowfall at a prescribed range of temperatures (−10° to +2°C). The suite of in situ and remote sensing instruments included airborne probes and imagers on board a SAFIRE ATR-42 aircraft, able to sample liquid and ice particles from the micron to the millimeter size range, as well as icing sensors and cameras. Two 95 GHz Doppler cloud radars were installed on the SAFIRE ATR-42, while six Doppler weather radars operating at frequencies ranging from 10 to 95 GHz (and one lidar) were ground based. An operational polarimetric weather radar in nearby France (Montancy) complements the coverage. Finally, observations of standard meteorological variables as well as high-resolution pictures of falling snowflakes from a multiangle snowflake camera were collected at the ground level. The campaign showed its full potential during five (multihourly) flights where precipitation was monitored from cloud to ground. The originality of this campaign resides in the targeted specific temperature range for snowfall and in the synchronization between the ground-based remote sensing and the aircraft trajectories designed to maximize the collection of in situ observations within the column above the radar systems.</description><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Airborne instruments</subject><subject>Airborne remote sensing</subject><subject>Airborne sensing</subject><subject>Aircraft</subject><subject>Aircraft design</subject><subject>Aircraft icing</subject><subject>Aviation</subject><subject>Cameras</subject><subject>Certification</subject><subject>Clouds</subject><subject>Design</subject><subject>Doppler sonar</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Ice</subject><subject>Ice particles</subject><subject>Icing</subject><subject>In situ measurement</subject><subject>Instruments</subject><subject>Lidar</subject><subject>Meteorological 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www.ice-genesis.eu/
), which aims to better measure, understand, and model the ice/snow particle properties and mechanisms responsible for icing of rotor-craft and aircraft. The field campaign was designed to collect observations of clouds and snowfall at a prescribed range of temperatures (−10° to +2°C). The suite of in situ and remote sensing instruments included airborne probes and imagers on board a SAFIRE ATR-42 aircraft, able to sample liquid and ice particles from the micron to the millimeter size range, as well as icing sensors and cameras. Two 95 GHz Doppler cloud radars were installed on the SAFIRE ATR-42, while six Doppler weather radars operating at frequencies ranging from 10 to 95 GHz (and one lidar) were ground based. An operational polarimetric weather radar in nearby France (Montancy) complements the coverage. Finally, observations of standard meteorological variables as well as high-resolution pictures of falling snowflakes from a multiangle snowflake camera were collected at the ground level. The campaign showed its full potential during five (multihourly) flights where precipitation was monitored from cloud to ground. The originality of this campaign resides in the targeted specific temperature range for snowfall and in the synchronization between the ground-based remote sensing and the aircraft trajectories designed to maximize the collection of in situ observations within the column above the radar systems.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0184.1</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9655-075X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5120-1249</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6021-0603</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9710-994X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6327-8415</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8386-5506</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2246-5111</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0003-0007 |
| ispartof | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2023-02, Vol.104 (2), p.E367-E388 |
| issn | 0003-0007 1520-0477 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_insu_04012416v1 |
| source | American Meteorological Society; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Aerosols Airborne instruments Airborne remote sensing Airborne sensing Aircraft Aircraft design Aircraft icing Aviation Cameras Certification Clouds Design Doppler sonar Earth Sciences Experiments Ice Ice particles Icing In situ measurement Instruments Lidar Meteorological radar Meteorology Precipitation Radar Radar equipment Rain Remote sensing Sciences of the Universe Sensors Snow Snowfall Snowflakes Synchronism Synchronization Temperature Weather Weather radar |
| title | ICE GENESIS: Synergetic Aircraft and Ground-Based Remote Sensing and In Situ Measurements of Snowfall Microphysical Properties |
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