Mapping the circumnuclear regions of the Circinus galaxy with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer
We report on the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observation of the closest and X-ray brightest Compton-thick active galactic nucleus (AGN), the Circinus galaxy. We find the source to be significantly polarized in the 2–6 keV band. From previous studies, the X-ray spectrum is known to be d...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2023-02, Vol.519 (1), p.50-58 |
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| creator | Ursini, F Marinucci, A Matt, G Bianchi, S Marin, F Marshall, H L Middei, R Poutanen, J Rogantini, D De Rosa, A Di Gesu, L García, J A Ingram, A Kim, D E Krawczynski, H Puccetti, S Soffitta, P Svoboda, J Tombesi, F Weisskopf, M C Barnouin, T Perri, M Podgorny, J Ratheesh, A Zaino, A Agudo, I Antonelli, L A Bachetti, M Baldini, L Baumgartner, W H Bellazzini, R Bongiorno, S D Bonino, R Brez, A Bucciantini, N Capitanio, F Castellano, S Cavazzuti, E Ciprini, S Costa, E Del Monte, E Di Lalla, N Di Marco, A Donnarumma, I Doroshenko, V Dovciak, M Ehlert, S R Enoto, T Evangelista, Y Fabiani, S Ferrazzoli, R Gunji, S Heyl, J Iwakiri, W Jorstad, S G Karas, V Kitaguchi, T Kolodziejczak, J J La Monaca, F Latronico, L Liodakis, I Maldera, S Manfreda, A Marscher, A P Mitsuishi, I Mizuno, T Muleri, F Ng, C Y O’Dell, S L Omodei, N Oppedisano, C Papitto, A Pavlov, G G Peirson, A L Pesce-Rollins, M Petrucci, P-O Pilia, M Possenti, A Ramsey, B D Rankin, J Romani, R W Sgrò, C Slane, P Spandre, G Tamagawa, T Tavecchio, F Taverna, R Tawara, Y Tennant, A F Thomas, N E Trois, A Tsygankov, S S Turolla, R Vink, J Wu, K Xie, F Zane, S |
| description | We report on the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observation of the closest and X-ray brightest Compton-thick active galactic nucleus (AGN), the Circinus galaxy. We find the source to be significantly polarized in the 2–6 keV band. From previous studies, the X-ray spectrum is known to be dominated by reflection components, both neutral (torus) and ionized (ionization cones). Our analysis indicates that the polarization degree is 28 ± 7 per cent (at 68 per cent confidence level) for the neutral reflector, with a polarization angle of 18° ± 5°, roughly perpendicular to the radio jet. The polarization of the ionized reflection is unconstrained. A comparison with Monte Carlo simulations of the polarization expected from the torus shows that the neutral reflector is consistent with being an equatorial torus with a half-opening angle of 45°–55°. This is the first X-ray polarization detection in a Seyfert galaxy, demonstrating the power of X-ray polarimetry in probing the geometry of the circumnuclear regions of AGNs, and confirming the basic predictions of standard Unification Models. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/mnras/stac3189 |
| format | Article |
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We find the source to be significantly polarized in the 2–6 keV band. From previous studies, the X-ray spectrum is known to be dominated by reflection components, both neutral (torus) and ionized (ionization cones). Our analysis indicates that the polarization degree is 28 ± 7 per cent (at 68 per cent confidence level) for the neutral reflector, with a polarization angle of 18° ± 5°, roughly perpendicular to the radio jet. The polarization of the ionized reflection is unconstrained. A comparison with Monte Carlo simulations of the polarization expected from the torus shows that the neutral reflector is consistent with being an equatorial torus with a half-opening angle of 45°–55°. This is the first X-ray polarization detection in a Seyfert galaxy, demonstrating the power of X-ray polarimetry in probing the geometry of the circumnuclear regions of AGNs, and confirming the basic predictions of standard Unification Models.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0035-8711</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2966</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac3189</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy P - Oxford Open Option A</publisher><subject>Sciences of the Universe</subject><ispartof>Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2023-02, Vol.519 (1), p.50-58</ispartof><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International 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W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sgrò, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slane, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spandre, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tamagawa, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tavecchio, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taverna, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tawara, Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tennant, A F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, N E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trois, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsygankov, S S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turolla, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vink, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zane, S</creatorcontrib><title>Mapping the circumnuclear regions of the Circinus galaxy with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer</title><title>Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title><description>We report on the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observation of the closest and X-ray brightest Compton-thick active galactic nucleus (AGN), the Circinus galaxy. We find the source to be significantly polarized in the 2–6 keV band. From previous studies, the X-ray spectrum is known to be dominated by reflection components, both neutral (torus) and ionized (ionization cones). Our analysis indicates that the polarization degree is 28 ± 7 per cent (at 68 per cent confidence level) for the neutral reflector, with a polarization angle of 18° ± 5°, roughly perpendicular to the radio jet. The polarization of the ionized reflection is unconstrained. A comparison with Monte Carlo simulations of the polarization expected from the torus shows that the neutral reflector is consistent with being an equatorial torus with a half-opening angle of 45°–55°. 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the circumnuclear regions of the Circinus galaxy with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer</title><author>Ursini, F ; Marinucci, A ; Matt, G ; Bianchi, S ; Marin, F ; Marshall, H L ; Middei, R ; Poutanen, J ; Rogantini, D ; De Rosa, A ; Di Gesu, L ; García, J A ; Ingram, A ; Kim, D E ; Krawczynski, H ; Puccetti, S ; Soffitta, P ; Svoboda, J ; Tombesi, F ; Weisskopf, M C ; Barnouin, T ; Perri, M ; Podgorny, J ; Ratheesh, A ; Zaino, A ; Agudo, I ; Antonelli, L A ; Bachetti, M ; Baldini, L ; Baumgartner, W H ; Bellazzini, R ; Bongiorno, S D ; Bonino, R ; Brez, A ; Bucciantini, N ; Capitanio, F ; Castellano, S ; Cavazzuti, E ; Ciprini, S ; Costa, E ; Del Monte, E ; Di Lalla, N ; Di Marco, A ; Donnarumma, I ; Doroshenko, V ; Dovciak, M ; Ehlert, S R ; Enoto, T ; Evangelista, Y ; Fabiani, S ; Ferrazzoli, R ; Gunji, S ; Heyl, J ; Iwakiri, W ; Jorstad, S G ; Karas, V ; Kitaguchi, T ; Kolodziejczak, J J ; La Monaca, F ; Latronico, L ; Liodakis, I ; Maldera, S ; Manfreda, A ; Marscher, A P ; Mitsuishi, I ; Mizuno, T ; Muleri, F ; Ng, C Y ; O’Dell, S L ; Omodei, N ; Oppedisano, C ; Papitto, A ; Pavlov, G G ; Peirson, A L ; Pesce-Rollins, M ; Petrucci, P-O ; Pilia, M ; Possenti, A ; Ramsey, B D ; Rankin, J ; Romani, R W ; Sgrò, C ; Slane, P ; Spandre, G ; Tamagawa, T ; Tavecchio, F ; Taverna, R ; Tawara, Y ; Tennant, A F ; Thomas, N E ; Trois, A ; Tsygankov, S S ; Turolla, R ; Vink, J ; Wu, K ; Xie, F ; Zane, S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c314t-21f71105287f5ee90b71abf6cbf432d980247c83f21594438a0d6c0695286d383</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Sciences of the Universe</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ursini, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marinucci, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matt, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bianchi, 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C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papitto, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pavlov, G G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peirson, A L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pesce-Rollins, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrucci, P-O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pilia, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Possenti, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramsey, B D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rankin, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romani, R W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sgrò, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slane, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spandre, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tamagawa, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tavecchio, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taverna, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tawara, Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tennant, A F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, N E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trois, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsygankov, S S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turolla, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vink, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zane, S</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)</collection><jtitle>Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ursini, F</au><au>Marinucci, A</au><au>Matt, G</au><au>Bianchi, S</au><au>Marin, F</au><au>Marshall, H L</au><au>Middei, R</au><au>Poutanen, J</au><au>Rogantini, D</au><au>De Rosa, A</au><au>Di Gesu, L</au><au>García, J A</au><au>Ingram, A</au><au>Kim, D E</au><au>Krawczynski, H</au><au>Puccetti, S</au><au>Soffitta, P</au><au>Svoboda, J</au><au>Tombesi, F</au><au>Weisskopf, M C</au><au>Barnouin, T</au><au>Perri, M</au><au>Podgorny, J</au><au>Ratheesh, A</au><au>Zaino, A</au><au>Agudo, I</au><au>Antonelli, L A</au><au>Bachetti, M</au><au>Baldini, L</au><au>Baumgartner, W H</au><au>Bellazzini, R</au><au>Bongiorno, S D</au><au>Bonino, R</au><au>Brez, A</au><au>Bucciantini, N</au><au>Capitanio, F</au><au>Castellano, S</au><au>Cavazzuti, E</au><au>Ciprini, S</au><au>Costa, E</au><au>Del Monte, E</au><au>Di Lalla, N</au><au>Di Marco, A</au><au>Donnarumma, I</au><au>Doroshenko, V</au><au>Dovciak, M</au><au>Ehlert, S R</au><au>Enoto, T</au><au>Evangelista, Y</au><au>Fabiani, S</au><au>Ferrazzoli, R</au><au>Gunji, S</au><au>Heyl, J</au><au>Iwakiri, W</au><au>Jorstad, S G</au><au>Karas, V</au><au>Kitaguchi, T</au><au>Kolodziejczak, J J</au><au>La Monaca, F</au><au>Latronico, L</au><au>Liodakis, I</au><au>Maldera, S</au><au>Manfreda, A</au><au>Marscher, A P</au><au>Mitsuishi, I</au><au>Mizuno, T</au><au>Muleri, F</au><au>Ng, C Y</au><au>O’Dell, S L</au><au>Omodei, N</au><au>Oppedisano, C</au><au>Papitto, A</au><au>Pavlov, G G</au><au>Peirson, A L</au><au>Pesce-Rollins, M</au><au>Petrucci, P-O</au><au>Pilia, M</au><au>Possenti, A</au><au>Ramsey, B D</au><au>Rankin, J</au><au>Romani, R W</au><au>Sgrò, C</au><au>Slane, P</au><au>Spandre, G</au><au>Tamagawa, T</au><au>Tavecchio, F</au><au>Taverna, R</au><au>Tawara, Y</au><au>Tennant, A F</au><au>Thomas, N E</au><au>Trois, A</au><au>Tsygankov, S S</au><au>Turolla, R</au><au>Vink, J</au><au>Wu, K</au><au>Xie, F</au><au>Zane, S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mapping the circumnuclear regions of the Circinus galaxy with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer</atitle><jtitle>Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</jtitle><date>2023-02-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>519</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>50</spage><epage>58</epage><pages>50-58</pages><issn>0035-8711</issn><eissn>1365-2966</eissn><abstract>We report on the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observation of the closest and X-ray brightest Compton-thick active galactic nucleus (AGN), the Circinus galaxy. We find the source to be significantly polarized in the 2–6 keV band. From previous studies, the X-ray spectrum is known to be dominated by reflection components, both neutral (torus) and ionized (ionization cones). Our analysis indicates that the polarization degree is 28 ± 7 per cent (at 68 per cent confidence level) for the neutral reflector, with a polarization angle of 18° ± 5°, roughly perpendicular to the radio jet. The polarization of the ionized reflection is unconstrained. A comparison with Monte Carlo simulations of the polarization expected from the torus shows that the neutral reflector is consistent with being an equatorial torus with a half-opening angle of 45°–55°. This is the first X-ray polarization detection in a Seyfert galaxy, demonstrating the power of X-ray polarimetry in probing the geometry of the circumnuclear regions of AGNs, and confirming the basic predictions of standard Unification Models.</abstract><pub>Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy P - Oxford Open Option A</pub><doi>10.1093/mnras/stac3189</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9442-7897</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-0049</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7568-8765</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-4946</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5037-9034</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5881-2445</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9815-9092</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-6002</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-0835</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8916-4156</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4576-9337</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4622-4240</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-3259</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0207-9010</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5717-3736</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4264-1215</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6158-1708</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-6863</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4420-2838</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-4006</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4708-4219</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8162-1105</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0035-8711 |
| ispartof | Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2023-02, Vol.519 (1), p.50-58 |
| issn | 0035-8711 1365-2966 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_insu_03850830v1 |
| source | Oxford Journals Open Access Collection |
| subjects | Sciences of the Universe |
| title | Mapping the circumnuclear regions of the Circinus galaxy with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer |
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