Measuring the mixing scale of the ISM within nearby spiral galaxies
ABSTRACT The spatial distribution of metals reflects, and can be used to constrain, the processes of chemical enrichment and mixing. Using PHANGS-MUSE optical integral field spectroscopy, we measure the gas-phase oxygen abundances (metallicities) across 7138 H ii regions in a sample of eight nearby...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2020-11, Vol.499 (1), p.193-209 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext bestellen |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 209 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 193 |
| container_title | Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
| container_volume | 499 |
| creator | Kreckel, Kathryn Ho, I-Ting Blanc, Guillermo A Glover, Simon C O Groves, Brent Rosolowsky, Erik Bigiel, Frank Boquíen, Médéric Chevance, Mélanie Dale, Daniel A Deger, Sinan Emsellem, Eric Grasha, Kathryn Kim, Jenny J Klessen, Ralf S Kruijssen, J M Diederik Lee, Janice C Leroy, Adam K Liu, Daizhong McElroy, Rebecca Meidt, Sharon E Pessa, Ismael Sanchez-Blazquez, Patricia Sandstrom, Karin Santoro, Francesco Scheuermann, Fabian Schinnerer, Eva Schruba, Andreas Utomo, Dyas Watkins, Elizabeth J Williams, Thomas G |
| description | ABSTRACT
The spatial distribution of metals reflects, and can be used to constrain, the processes of chemical enrichment and mixing. Using PHANGS-MUSE optical integral field spectroscopy, we measure the gas-phase oxygen abundances (metallicities) across 7138 H ii regions in a sample of eight nearby disc galaxies. In Paper I, we measure and report linear radial gradients in the metallicities of each galaxy, and qualitatively searched for azimuthal abundance variations. Here, we examine the 2D variation in abundances once the radial gradient is subtracted, Δ(O/H), in order to quantify the homogeneity of the metal distribution and to measure the mixing scale over which H ii region metallicities are correlated. We observe low (0.03–0.05 dex) scatter in Δ(O/H) globally in all galaxies, with significantly lower (0.02–0.03 dex) scatter on small ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/mnras/staa2743 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>oup_TOX</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_insu_03711452v1</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><oup_id>10.1093/mnras/staa2743</oup_id><sourcerecordid>10.1093/mnras/staa2743</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c348t-db4434781d4f52c89f64f0da6b3e475f9466d61b24f3af169807b232eb6dde2e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkMtOwzAQRS0EEqGwZe0tSGn9ipMsqwhopVQsgLU1SezGKI_KTqD9-76ALau5Gp0z0lyE7imZUpLyWds58DM_ALBY8AsUUC6jkKVSXqKAEB6FSUzpNbrx_pMQIjiTAcpWGvzobLfGQ61xa7fH6EtoNO7Nabd8W-FvO9S2w50GV-yw31gHDV5DA1ur_S26MtB4ffczJ-jj-ek9W4T568sym-dhyUUyhFUhBBdxQithIlYmqZHCkApkwbWII5MKKStJCyYMB0NlmpC4YJzpQlaVZppP0OP5bg2N2jjbgtupHqxazHNlOz8qwg8fioh90QM8PcOl67132vwZlKhjX-rUl_rt6yA8nIV-3PzH7gGmZm2_</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Measuring the mixing scale of the ISM within nearby spiral galaxies</title><source>Oxford Journals Open Access Collection</source><creator>Kreckel, Kathryn ; Ho, I-Ting ; Blanc, Guillermo A ; Glover, Simon C O ; Groves, Brent ; Rosolowsky, Erik ; Bigiel, Frank ; Boquíen, Médéric ; Chevance, Mélanie ; Dale, Daniel A ; Deger, Sinan ; Emsellem, Eric ; Grasha, Kathryn ; Kim, Jenny J ; Klessen, Ralf S ; Kruijssen, J M Diederik ; Lee, Janice C ; Leroy, Adam K ; Liu, Daizhong ; McElroy, Rebecca ; Meidt, Sharon E ; Pessa, Ismael ; Sanchez-Blazquez, Patricia ; Sandstrom, Karin ; Santoro, Francesco ; Scheuermann, Fabian ; Schinnerer, Eva ; Schruba, Andreas ; Utomo, Dyas ; Watkins, Elizabeth J ; Williams, Thomas G</creator><creatorcontrib>Kreckel, Kathryn ; Ho, I-Ting ; Blanc, Guillermo A ; Glover, Simon C O ; Groves, Brent ; Rosolowsky, Erik ; Bigiel, Frank ; Boquíen, Médéric ; Chevance, Mélanie ; Dale, Daniel A ; Deger, Sinan ; Emsellem, Eric ; Grasha, Kathryn ; Kim, Jenny J ; Klessen, Ralf S ; Kruijssen, J M Diederik ; Lee, Janice C ; Leroy, Adam K ; Liu, Daizhong ; McElroy, Rebecca ; Meidt, Sharon E ; Pessa, Ismael ; Sanchez-Blazquez, Patricia ; Sandstrom, Karin ; Santoro, Francesco ; Scheuermann, Fabian ; Schinnerer, Eva ; Schruba, Andreas ; Utomo, Dyas ; Watkins, Elizabeth J ; Williams, Thomas G</creatorcontrib><description>ABSTRACT
The spatial distribution of metals reflects, and can be used to constrain, the processes of chemical enrichment and mixing. Using PHANGS-MUSE optical integral field spectroscopy, we measure the gas-phase oxygen abundances (metallicities) across 7138 H ii regions in a sample of eight nearby disc galaxies. In Paper I, we measure and report linear radial gradients in the metallicities of each galaxy, and qualitatively searched for azimuthal abundance variations. Here, we examine the 2D variation in abundances once the radial gradient is subtracted, Δ(O/H), in order to quantify the homogeneity of the metal distribution and to measure the mixing scale over which H ii region metallicities are correlated. We observe low (0.03–0.05 dex) scatter in Δ(O/H) globally in all galaxies, with significantly lower (0.02–0.03 dex) scatter on small (<600 pc) spatial scales. This is consistent with the measurement uncertainties, and implies the 2D metallicity distribution is highly correlated on scales of ≲600 pc. We compute the two-point correlation function for metals in the disc in order to quantify the scale lengths associated with the observed homogeneity. This mixing scale is observed to correlate better with the local gas velocity dispersion (of both cold and ionized gas) than with the star formation rate. Selecting only H ii regions with enhanced abundances relative to a linear radial gradient, we do not observe increased homogeneity on small scales. This suggests that the observed homogeneity is driven by the mixing introducing material from large scales rather than by pollution from recent and on-going star formation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0035-8711</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2966</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa2743</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Astrophysics ; Sciences of the Universe</subject><ispartof>Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2020-11, Vol.499 (1), p.193-209</ispartof><rights>2020 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society 2020</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c348t-db4434781d4f52c89f64f0da6b3e475f9466d61b24f3af169807b232eb6dde2e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c348t-db4434781d4f52c89f64f0da6b3e475f9466d61b24f3af169807b232eb6dde2e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0757-9559 ; 0000-0002-5204-2259 ; 0000-0002-0432-6847 ; 0000-0002-0012-2142 ; 0000-0002-3247-5321 ; 0000-0001-6551-3091 ; 0000-0002-8804-0212</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1598,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2743$$EView_record_in_Oxford_University_Press$$FView_record_in_$$GOxford_University_Press</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://insu.hal.science/insu-03711452$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kreckel, Kathryn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, I-Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blanc, Guillermo A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glover, Simon C O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Groves, Brent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosolowsky, Erik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bigiel, Frank</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boquíen, Médéric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chevance, Mélanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dale, Daniel A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deger, Sinan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Emsellem, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grasha, Kathryn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jenny J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klessen, Ralf S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kruijssen, J M Diederik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Janice C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leroy, Adam K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Daizhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McElroy, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meidt, Sharon E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pessa, Ismael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanchez-Blazquez, Patricia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sandstrom, Karin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santoro, Francesco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scheuermann, Fabian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schinnerer, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schruba, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Utomo, Dyas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watkins, Elizabeth J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Thomas G</creatorcontrib><title>Measuring the mixing scale of the ISM within nearby spiral galaxies</title><title>Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title><description>ABSTRACT
The spatial distribution of metals reflects, and can be used to constrain, the processes of chemical enrichment and mixing. Using PHANGS-MUSE optical integral field spectroscopy, we measure the gas-phase oxygen abundances (metallicities) across 7138 H ii regions in a sample of eight nearby disc galaxies. In Paper I, we measure and report linear radial gradients in the metallicities of each galaxy, and qualitatively searched for azimuthal abundance variations. Here, we examine the 2D variation in abundances once the radial gradient is subtracted, Δ(O/H), in order to quantify the homogeneity of the metal distribution and to measure the mixing scale over which H ii region metallicities are correlated. We observe low (0.03–0.05 dex) scatter in Δ(O/H) globally in all galaxies, with significantly lower (0.02–0.03 dex) scatter on small (<600 pc) spatial scales. This is consistent with the measurement uncertainties, and implies the 2D metallicity distribution is highly correlated on scales of ≲600 pc. We compute the two-point correlation function for metals in the disc in order to quantify the scale lengths associated with the observed homogeneity. This mixing scale is observed to correlate better with the local gas velocity dispersion (of both cold and ionized gas) than with the star formation rate. Selecting only H ii regions with enhanced abundances relative to a linear radial gradient, we do not observe increased homogeneity on small scales. This suggests that the observed homogeneity is driven by the mixing introducing material from large scales rather than by pollution from recent and on-going star formation.</description><subject>Astrophysics</subject><subject>Sciences of the Universe</subject><issn>0035-8711</issn><issn>1365-2966</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkMtOwzAQRS0EEqGwZe0tSGn9ipMsqwhopVQsgLU1SezGKI_KTqD9-76ALau5Gp0z0lyE7imZUpLyWds58DM_ALBY8AsUUC6jkKVSXqKAEB6FSUzpNbrx_pMQIjiTAcpWGvzobLfGQ61xa7fH6EtoNO7Nabd8W-FvO9S2w50GV-yw31gHDV5DA1ur_S26MtB4ffczJ-jj-ek9W4T568sym-dhyUUyhFUhBBdxQithIlYmqZHCkApkwbWII5MKKStJCyYMB0NlmpC4YJzpQlaVZppP0OP5bg2N2jjbgtupHqxazHNlOz8qwg8fioh90QM8PcOl67132vwZlKhjX-rUl_rt6yA8nIV-3PzH7gGmZm2_</recordid><startdate>20201101</startdate><enddate>20201101</enddate><creator>Kreckel, Kathryn</creator><creator>Ho, I-Ting</creator><creator>Blanc, Guillermo A</creator><creator>Glover, Simon C O</creator><creator>Groves, Brent</creator><creator>Rosolowsky, Erik</creator><creator>Bigiel, Frank</creator><creator>Boquíen, Médéric</creator><creator>Chevance, Mélanie</creator><creator>Dale, Daniel A</creator><creator>Deger, Sinan</creator><creator>Emsellem, Eric</creator><creator>Grasha, Kathryn</creator><creator>Kim, Jenny J</creator><creator>Klessen, Ralf S</creator><creator>Kruijssen, J M Diederik</creator><creator>Lee, Janice C</creator><creator>Leroy, Adam K</creator><creator>Liu, Daizhong</creator><creator>McElroy, Rebecca</creator><creator>Meidt, Sharon E</creator><creator>Pessa, Ismael</creator><creator>Sanchez-Blazquez, Patricia</creator><creator>Sandstrom, Karin</creator><creator>Santoro, Francesco</creator><creator>Scheuermann, Fabian</creator><creator>Schinnerer, Eva</creator><creator>Schruba, Andreas</creator><creator>Utomo, Dyas</creator><creator>Watkins, Elizabeth J</creator><creator>Williams, Thomas G</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy P - Oxford Open Option A</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>VOOES</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0757-9559</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-2259</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-6847</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0012-2142</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3247-5321</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6551-3091</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8804-0212</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201101</creationdate><title>Measuring the mixing scale of the ISM within nearby spiral galaxies</title><author>Kreckel, Kathryn ; Ho, I-Ting ; Blanc, Guillermo A ; Glover, Simon C O ; Groves, Brent ; Rosolowsky, Erik ; Bigiel, Frank ; Boquíen, Médéric ; Chevance, Mélanie ; Dale, Daniel A ; Deger, Sinan ; Emsellem, Eric ; Grasha, Kathryn ; Kim, Jenny J ; Klessen, Ralf S ; Kruijssen, J M Diederik ; Lee, Janice C ; Leroy, Adam K ; Liu, Daizhong ; McElroy, Rebecca ; Meidt, Sharon E ; Pessa, Ismael ; Sanchez-Blazquez, Patricia ; Sandstrom, Karin ; Santoro, Francesco ; Scheuermann, Fabian ; Schinnerer, Eva ; Schruba, Andreas ; Utomo, Dyas ; Watkins, Elizabeth J ; Williams, Thomas G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c348t-db4434781d4f52c89f64f0da6b3e475f9466d61b24f3af169807b232eb6dde2e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Astrophysics</topic><topic>Sciences of the Universe</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kreckel, Kathryn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, I-Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blanc, Guillermo A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glover, Simon C O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Groves, Brent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosolowsky, Erik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bigiel, Frank</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boquíen, Médéric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chevance, Mélanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dale, Daniel A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deger, Sinan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Emsellem, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grasha, Kathryn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jenny J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klessen, Ralf S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kruijssen, J M Diederik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Janice C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leroy, Adam K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Daizhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McElroy, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meidt, Sharon E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pessa, Ismael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanchez-Blazquez, Patricia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sandstrom, Karin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santoro, Francesco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scheuermann, Fabian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schinnerer, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schruba, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Utomo, Dyas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watkins, Elizabeth J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Thomas G</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)</collection><jtitle>Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kreckel, Kathryn</au><au>Ho, I-Ting</au><au>Blanc, Guillermo A</au><au>Glover, Simon C O</au><au>Groves, Brent</au><au>Rosolowsky, Erik</au><au>Bigiel, Frank</au><au>Boquíen, Médéric</au><au>Chevance, Mélanie</au><au>Dale, Daniel A</au><au>Deger, Sinan</au><au>Emsellem, Eric</au><au>Grasha, Kathryn</au><au>Kim, Jenny J</au><au>Klessen, Ralf S</au><au>Kruijssen, J M Diederik</au><au>Lee, Janice C</au><au>Leroy, Adam K</au><au>Liu, Daizhong</au><au>McElroy, Rebecca</au><au>Meidt, Sharon E</au><au>Pessa, Ismael</au><au>Sanchez-Blazquez, Patricia</au><au>Sandstrom, Karin</au><au>Santoro, Francesco</au><au>Scheuermann, Fabian</au><au>Schinnerer, Eva</au><au>Schruba, Andreas</au><au>Utomo, Dyas</au><au>Watkins, Elizabeth J</au><au>Williams, Thomas G</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Measuring the mixing scale of the ISM within nearby spiral galaxies</atitle><jtitle>Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</jtitle><date>2020-11-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>499</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>193</spage><epage>209</epage><pages>193-209</pages><issn>0035-8711</issn><eissn>1365-2966</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACT
The spatial distribution of metals reflects, and can be used to constrain, the processes of chemical enrichment and mixing. Using PHANGS-MUSE optical integral field spectroscopy, we measure the gas-phase oxygen abundances (metallicities) across 7138 H ii regions in a sample of eight nearby disc galaxies. In Paper I, we measure and report linear radial gradients in the metallicities of each galaxy, and qualitatively searched for azimuthal abundance variations. Here, we examine the 2D variation in abundances once the radial gradient is subtracted, Δ(O/H), in order to quantify the homogeneity of the metal distribution and to measure the mixing scale over which H ii region metallicities are correlated. We observe low (0.03–0.05 dex) scatter in Δ(O/H) globally in all galaxies, with significantly lower (0.02–0.03 dex) scatter on small (<600 pc) spatial scales. This is consistent with the measurement uncertainties, and implies the 2D metallicity distribution is highly correlated on scales of ≲600 pc. We compute the two-point correlation function for metals in the disc in order to quantify the scale lengths associated with the observed homogeneity. This mixing scale is observed to correlate better with the local gas velocity dispersion (of both cold and ionized gas) than with the star formation rate. Selecting only H ii regions with enhanced abundances relative to a linear radial gradient, we do not observe increased homogeneity on small scales. This suggests that the observed homogeneity is driven by the mixing introducing material from large scales rather than by pollution from recent and on-going star formation.</abstract><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><doi>10.1093/mnras/staa2743</doi><tpages>17</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0757-9559</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-2259</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-6847</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0012-2142</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3247-5321</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6551-3091</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8804-0212</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| identifier | ISSN: 0035-8711 |
| ispartof | Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2020-11, Vol.499 (1), p.193-209 |
| issn | 0035-8711 1365-2966 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_insu_03711452v1 |
| source | Oxford Journals Open Access Collection |
| subjects | Astrophysics Sciences of the Universe |
| title | Measuring the mixing scale of the ISM within nearby spiral galaxies |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-24T01%3A37%3A02IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-oup_TOX&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Measuring%20the%20mixing%20scale%20of%20the%20ISM%20within%20nearby%20spiral%20galaxies&rft.jtitle=Monthly%20notices%20of%20the%20Royal%20Astronomical%20Society&rft.au=Kreckel,%20Kathryn&rft.date=2020-11-01&rft.volume=499&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=193&rft.epage=209&rft.pages=193-209&rft.issn=0035-8711&rft.eissn=1365-2966&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/mnras/staa2743&rft_dat=%3Coup_TOX%3E10.1093/mnras/staa2743%3C/oup_TOX%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_oup_id=10.1093/mnras/staa2743&rfr_iscdi=true |