W-Band (95 GHz) Radar Attenuation in Tropical Stratiform Ice Anvils
Attenuation of the W-band (95 GHz) radar signal by atmospheric ice particles has long been neglected in cloud microphysics studies. In this work, 95-GHz airborne multibeam cloud radar observations in tropical stratiform ice anvils are used to estimate vertical profiles of 95-GHz attenuation. Two tec...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology 2019-08, Vol.36 (8), p.1463-1476 |
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| description | Attenuation of the W-band (95 GHz) radar signal by atmospheric ice particles has long been neglected in cloud microphysics studies. In this work, 95-GHz airborne multibeam cloud radar observations in tropical stratiform ice anvils are used to estimate vertical profiles of 95-GHz attenuation. Two techniques are developed and compared, using very different assumptions. The first technique examines statistical reflectivity differences between repeated aircraft passes through the same cloud mass at different altitudes. The second technique exploits reflectivity differences between two different pathlengths through the same cloud, using the multibeam capabilities of the cloud radar. Using the first technique, the two-way attenuation coefficient produced by stratiform ice particles ranges between 1 and 1.6 dB km
−1
for reflectivities between 13 and 18 dB
Z
, with an expected increase of attenuation with reflectivity. Using the second technique, the multibeam results confirm these high attenuation coefficient values and expand the reflectivity range, with typical attenuation coefficient values of up to 3–4 dB km
−1
for reflectivities of 20 dB
Z
. The potential impact of attenuation on precipitating-ice-cloud microphysics retrievals is quantified using vertical profiles of the mean and the 99th percentile of ice water content derived from noncorrected and attenuation-corrected reflectivities. A large impact is found on the 99th percentile of ice water content, which increases by 0.3–0.4 g m
−3
up to 11-km height. Finally, T-matrix calculations of attenuation constrained by measured particle size distributions, ice crystal mass–size, and projected area–size relationships are found to largely underestimate cloud radar attenuation estimates. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/JTECH-D-18-0154.1 |
| format | Article |
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−1
for reflectivities between 13 and 18 dB
Z
, with an expected increase of attenuation with reflectivity. Using the second technique, the multibeam results confirm these high attenuation coefficient values and expand the reflectivity range, with typical attenuation coefficient values of up to 3–4 dB km
−1
for reflectivities of 20 dB
Z
. The potential impact of attenuation on precipitating-ice-cloud microphysics retrievals is quantified using vertical profiles of the mean and the 99th percentile of ice water content derived from noncorrected and attenuation-corrected reflectivities. A large impact is found on the 99th percentile of ice water content, which increases by 0.3–0.4 g m
−3
up to 11-km height. Finally, T-matrix calculations of attenuation constrained by measured particle size distributions, ice crystal mass–size, and projected area–size relationships are found to largely underestimate cloud radar attenuation estimates.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0739-0572</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-0426</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-18-0154.1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>Airborne radar ; Airborne remote sensing ; Aircraft ; Anvils ; Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ; Atmospheric attenuation ; Attenuation ; Attenuation coefficients ; Aviation ; Cloud microphysics ; Clouds ; Experiments ; Extinction coefficient ; Ice ; Ice crystals ; Ice particles ; Microphysics ; Moisture content ; Physics ; Precipitation ; Profiles ; Radar ; Radar attenuation ; Radar observation ; Reflectance ; Remote sensing ; Statistical analysis ; Thermal expansion ; Tropical climate ; Vertical profiles ; Water content</subject><ispartof>Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology, 2019-08, Vol.36 (8), p.1463-1476</ispartof><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society Aug 2019</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c351t-94c7c4fe88c3d11b0eb843390d46a4e89c4fc0b2e285a60b8aa123d9b6454c083</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c351t-94c7c4fe88c3d11b0eb843390d46a4e89c4fc0b2e285a60b8aa123d9b6454c083</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8933-874X ; 0000-0002-8386-5506</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3680,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://insu.hal.science/insu-02151487$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Protat, Alain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rauniyar, Surendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delanoë, Julien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fontaine, Emmanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwarzenboeck, Alfons</creatorcontrib><title>W-Band (95 GHz) Radar Attenuation in Tropical Stratiform Ice Anvils</title><title>Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology</title><description>Attenuation of the W-band (95 GHz) radar signal by atmospheric ice particles has long been neglected in cloud microphysics studies. In this work, 95-GHz airborne multibeam cloud radar observations in tropical stratiform ice anvils are used to estimate vertical profiles of 95-GHz attenuation. Two techniques are developed and compared, using very different assumptions. The first technique examines statistical reflectivity differences between repeated aircraft passes through the same cloud mass at different altitudes. The second technique exploits reflectivity differences between two different pathlengths through the same cloud, using the multibeam capabilities of the cloud radar. Using the first technique, the two-way attenuation coefficient produced by stratiform ice particles ranges between 1 and 1.6 dB km
−1
for reflectivities between 13 and 18 dB
Z
, with an expected increase of attenuation with reflectivity. Using the second technique, the multibeam results confirm these high attenuation coefficient values and expand the reflectivity range, with typical attenuation coefficient values of up to 3–4 dB km
−1
for reflectivities of 20 dB
Z
. The potential impact of attenuation on precipitating-ice-cloud microphysics retrievals is quantified using vertical profiles of the mean and the 99th percentile of ice water content derived from noncorrected and attenuation-corrected reflectivities. A large impact is found on the 99th percentile of ice water content, which increases by 0.3–0.4 g m
−3
up to 11-km height. Finally, T-matrix calculations of attenuation constrained by measured particle size distributions, ice crystal mass–size, and projected area–size relationships are found to largely underestimate cloud radar attenuation estimates.</description><subject>Airborne radar</subject><subject>Airborne remote sensing</subject><subject>Aircraft</subject><subject>Anvils</subject><subject>Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics</subject><subject>Atmospheric attenuation</subject><subject>Attenuation</subject><subject>Attenuation coefficients</subject><subject>Aviation</subject><subject>Cloud microphysics</subject><subject>Clouds</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Extinction coefficient</subject><subject>Ice</subject><subject>Ice crystals</subject><subject>Ice particles</subject><subject>Microphysics</subject><subject>Moisture content</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Profiles</subject><subject>Radar</subject><subject>Radar attenuation</subject><subject>Radar observation</subject><subject>Reflectance</subject><subject>Remote sensing</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Thermal expansion</subject><subject>Tropical climate</subject><subject>Vertical profiles</subject><subject>Water 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(95 GHz) Radar Attenuation in Tropical Stratiform Ice Anvils</title><author>Protat, Alain ; Rauniyar, Surendra ; Delanoë, Julien ; Fontaine, Emmanuel ; Schwarzenboeck, Alfons</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c351t-94c7c4fe88c3d11b0eb843390d46a4e89c4fc0b2e285a60b8aa123d9b6454c083</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Airborne radar</topic><topic>Airborne remote sensing</topic><topic>Aircraft</topic><topic>Anvils</topic><topic>Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics</topic><topic>Atmospheric attenuation</topic><topic>Attenuation</topic><topic>Attenuation coefficients</topic><topic>Aviation</topic><topic>Cloud microphysics</topic><topic>Clouds</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Extinction coefficient</topic><topic>Ice</topic><topic>Ice crystals</topic><topic>Ice particles</topic><topic>Microphysics</topic><topic>Moisture content</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Profiles</topic><topic>Radar</topic><topic>Radar attenuation</topic><topic>Radar observation</topic><topic>Reflectance</topic><topic>Remote sensing</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Thermal expansion</topic><topic>Tropical climate</topic><topic>Vertical profiles</topic><topic>Water content</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Protat, Alain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rauniyar, Surendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delanoë, Julien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fontaine, Emmanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwarzenboeck, Alfons</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase 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Emmanuel</au><au>Schwarzenboeck, Alfons</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>W-Band (95 GHz) Radar Attenuation in Tropical Stratiform Ice Anvils</atitle><jtitle>Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology</jtitle><date>2019-08-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>36</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1463</spage><epage>1476</epage><pages>1463-1476</pages><issn>0739-0572</issn><eissn>1520-0426</eissn><abstract>Attenuation of the W-band (95 GHz) radar signal by atmospheric ice particles has long been neglected in cloud microphysics studies. In this work, 95-GHz airborne multibeam cloud radar observations in tropical stratiform ice anvils are used to estimate vertical profiles of 95-GHz attenuation. Two techniques are developed and compared, using very different assumptions. The first technique examines statistical reflectivity differences between repeated aircraft passes through the same cloud mass at different altitudes. The second technique exploits reflectivity differences between two different pathlengths through the same cloud, using the multibeam capabilities of the cloud radar. Using the first technique, the two-way attenuation coefficient produced by stratiform ice particles ranges between 1 and 1.6 dB km
−1
for reflectivities between 13 and 18 dB
Z
, with an expected increase of attenuation with reflectivity. Using the second technique, the multibeam results confirm these high attenuation coefficient values and expand the reflectivity range, with typical attenuation coefficient values of up to 3–4 dB km
−1
for reflectivities of 20 dB
Z
. The potential impact of attenuation on precipitating-ice-cloud microphysics retrievals is quantified using vertical profiles of the mean and the 99th percentile of ice water content derived from noncorrected and attenuation-corrected reflectivities. A large impact is found on the 99th percentile of ice water content, which increases by 0.3–0.4 g m
−3
up to 11-km height. Finally, T-matrix calculations of attenuation constrained by measured particle size distributions, ice crystal mass–size, and projected area–size relationships are found to largely underestimate cloud radar attenuation estimates.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/JTECH-D-18-0154.1</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8933-874X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8386-5506</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Airborne radar Airborne remote sensing Aircraft Anvils Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics Atmospheric attenuation Attenuation Attenuation coefficients Aviation Cloud microphysics Clouds Experiments Extinction coefficient Ice Ice crystals Ice particles Microphysics Moisture content Physics Precipitation Profiles Radar Radar attenuation Radar observation Reflectance Remote sensing Statistical analysis Thermal expansion Tropical climate Vertical profiles Water content |
| title | W-Band (95 GHz) Radar Attenuation in Tropical Stratiform Ice Anvils |
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