Nanoplastic in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre
Plastics can be found in all ecosystems across the globe. This type of environmental pollution is important, even if its impact is not fully understood. The presence of small plastic particles at the micro- and nanoscales is of growing concern, but nanoplastic has not yet been observed in natural sa...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2017-12, Vol.51 (23), p.13689-13697 |
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| creator | Ter Halle, Alexandra Jeanneau, Laurent Martignac, Marion Jardé, Emilie Pedrono, Boris Brach, Laurent Gigault, Julien |
| description | Plastics can be found in all ecosystems across the globe. This type of environmental pollution is important, even if its impact is not fully understood. The presence of small plastic particles at the micro- and nanoscales is of growing concern, but nanoplastic has not yet been observed in natural samples. In this study, we examined four size fractions (meso-, large micro-, small micro-, and nanoplastics) of debris collected in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. To obtain the nanoplastic portion, we isolated the colloidal fraction of seawater. After ultrafiltration, the occurrence of nanoscale particles was demonstrated using dynamic light scattering experiments. The chemical fingerprint of the colloids was obtained by pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We demonstrated that the signal was anthropogenic and attributed to a combination of plastics. The polymer composition varied among the size classes. At the micro- and nanoscales, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and polyethylene were observed. We also observed changes in the pyrolytic signals of polyethylene with decreasing debris size, which could be related to the structural modification of this plastic as a consequence of weathering. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acs.est.7b03667 |
| format | Article |
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This type of environmental pollution is important, even if its impact is not fully understood. The presence of small plastic particles at the micro- and nanoscales is of growing concern, but nanoplastic has not yet been observed in natural samples. In this study, we examined four size fractions (meso-, large micro-, small micro-, and nanoplastics) of debris collected in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. To obtain the nanoplastic portion, we isolated the colloidal fraction of seawater. After ultrafiltration, the occurrence of nanoscale particles was demonstrated using dynamic light scattering experiments. The chemical fingerprint of the colloids was obtained by pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We demonstrated that the signal was anthropogenic and attributed to a combination of plastics. The polymer composition varied among the size classes. At the micro- and nanoscales, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and polyethylene were observed. We also observed changes in the pyrolytic signals of polyethylene with decreasing debris size, which could be related to the structural modification of this plastic as a consequence of weathering.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03667</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29161030</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Anthropogenic factors ; Chemical analysis ; Chemical fingerprinting ; Chemical Sciences ; Chromatography ; Colloid chemistry ; Colloids ; Debris ; Environmental changes ; Environmental impact ; Environmental Sciences ; Experiments ; Gas chromatography ; Human influences ; Light scattering ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Nanoparticles ; Particulates ; Photon correlation spectroscopy ; Plastic pollution ; Plastics ; Polyethylene ; Polyethylene terephthalate ; Polymers ; Polystyrene ; Polystyrene resins ; Polyvinyl chloride ; Pyrolysis ; Scattering ; Seawater ; Ultrafiltration ; Water analysis ; Weathering</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2017-12, Vol.51 (23), p.13689-13697</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Dec 5, 2017</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a499t-c5f829957f5bea67e42b1a4a35836abdd737d23dc36446bc9d7ea81b4fd083ee3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a499t-c5f829957f5bea67e42b1a4a35836abdd737d23dc36446bc9d7ea81b4fd083ee3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7065-2272 ; 0000-0002-2988-8942 ; 0000-0001-8108-4055 ; 0000-0002-7588-0490</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.7b03667$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b03667$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,882,2752,27057,27905,27906,56719,56769</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29161030$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://insu.hal.science/insu-01647511$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ter Halle, Alexandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeanneau, Laurent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martignac, Marion</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jardé, Emilie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pedrono, Boris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brach, Laurent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gigault, Julien</creatorcontrib><title>Nanoplastic in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>Plastics can be found in all ecosystems across the globe. This type of environmental pollution is important, even if its impact is not fully understood. The presence of small plastic particles at the micro- and nanoscales is of growing concern, but nanoplastic has not yet been observed in natural samples. In this study, we examined four size fractions (meso-, large micro-, small micro-, and nanoplastics) of debris collected in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. To obtain the nanoplastic portion, we isolated the colloidal fraction of seawater. After ultrafiltration, the occurrence of nanoscale particles was demonstrated using dynamic light scattering experiments. The chemical fingerprint of the colloids was obtained by pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We demonstrated that the signal was anthropogenic and attributed to a combination of plastics. The polymer composition varied among the size classes. At the micro- and nanoscales, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and polyethylene were observed. 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Jeanneau, Laurent ; Martignac, Marion ; Jardé, Emilie ; Pedrono, Boris ; Brach, Laurent ; Gigault, Julien</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a499t-c5f829957f5bea67e42b1a4a35836abdd737d23dc36446bc9d7ea81b4fd083ee3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Chemical analysis</topic><topic>Chemical fingerprinting</topic><topic>Chemical Sciences</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Colloid chemistry</topic><topic>Colloids</topic><topic>Debris</topic><topic>Environmental changes</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Gas chromatography</topic><topic>Human influences</topic><topic>Light scattering</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Particulates</topic><topic>Photon correlation spectroscopy</topic><topic>Plastic pollution</topic><topic>Plastics</topic><topic>Polyethylene</topic><topic>Polyethylene terephthalate</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Polystyrene</topic><topic>Polystyrene resins</topic><topic>Polyvinyl chloride</topic><topic>Pyrolysis</topic><topic>Scattering</topic><topic>Seawater</topic><topic>Ultrafiltration</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>Weathering</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ter Halle, Alexandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeanneau, Laurent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martignac, Marion</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jardé, Emilie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pedrono, Boris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brach, Laurent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gigault, Julien</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ter Halle, Alexandra</au><au>Jeanneau, Laurent</au><au>Martignac, Marion</au><au>Jardé, Emilie</au><au>Pedrono, Boris</au><au>Brach, Laurent</au><au>Gigault, Julien</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nanoplastic in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. 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The chemical fingerprint of the colloids was obtained by pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We demonstrated that the signal was anthropogenic and attributed to a combination of plastics. The polymer composition varied among the size classes. At the micro- and nanoscales, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and polyethylene were observed. We also observed changes in the pyrolytic signals of polyethylene with decreasing debris size, which could be related to the structural modification of this plastic as a consequence of weathering.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>29161030</pmid><doi>10.1021/acs.est.7b03667</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7065-2272</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-8942</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-4055</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7588-0490</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental science & technology, 2017-12, Vol.51 (23), p.13689-13697 |
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| source | American Chemical Society Journals |
| subjects | Anthropogenic factors Chemical analysis Chemical fingerprinting Chemical Sciences Chromatography Colloid chemistry Colloids Debris Environmental changes Environmental impact Environmental Sciences Experiments Gas chromatography Human influences Light scattering Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Nanoparticles Particulates Photon correlation spectroscopy Plastic pollution Plastics Polyethylene Polyethylene terephthalate Polymers Polystyrene Polystyrene resins Polyvinyl chloride Pyrolysis Scattering Seawater Ultrafiltration Water analysis Weathering |
| title | Nanoplastic in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre |
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