Upper limits from HESS active galactic nuclei observations in 2005–2007
Aims.Very high energy (VHE; $E>100$ GeV) γ-ray studies were performed for 18 active galactic nuclei (AGN) from a variety of AGN classes. Methods.VHE observations of a sample of 14 AGN, considered candidate VHE emitters, were made with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) between January 200...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin) 2008-02, Vol.478 (2), p.387-393 |
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| creator | Aharonian, F. Akhperjanian, A. G. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Bernlöhr, K. Boisson, C. Bolz, O. Borrel, V. Braun, I. Brion, E. Brown, A. M. Bühler, R. Bulik, T. Chounet, L.-M. Clapson, A. C. Coignet, G. Costamante, L. Dalton, M. Degrange, B. Djannati-Ataï, A. Domainko, W. Dubois, F. Dubus, G. Egberts, K. Emmanoulopoulos, D. Espigat, P. Farnier, C. Feinstein, F. Fiasson, A. Förster, A. Fontaine, G. Funk, S. Füßling, M. Gallant, Y. A. Giebels, B. Glicenstein, J. F. Goret, P. Hadjichristidis, C. Hauser, M. Heinzelmann, G. Henri, G. Hinton, J. A. Hoffmann, A. Hofmann, W. Hoppe, S. Horns, D. Jacholkowska, A. Jung, I. Kendziorra, E. Kerschhaggl, M. Kosack, K. Latham, I. J. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Lenain, J.-P. Lohse, T. Martin, J. M. Marcowith, A. Maurin, D. Maurin, G. McComb, T. J. L. de Naurois, M. Nedbal, D. Nolan, S. J. Ohm, S. Olive, J.-P. de Oña Wilhelmi, E. Orford, K. J. Ostrowski, M. Panter, M. Petrucci, P.-O. Pita, S. Pühlhofer, G. Punch, M. Raubenheimer, B. C. Raue, M. Renaud, M. Rob, L. Rowell, G. Rudak, B. Sahakian, V. Schöck, F. Schröder, R. Schwarzburg, S. Sol, H. Spangler, D. Stawarz, Ł. Steenkamp, R. Stegmann, C. Superina, G. Tavernet, J.-P. Terrier, R. van Eldik, C. Vasileiadis, G. Venter, C. Vialle, J. P. Vivier, M. Völk, H. J. Wagner, S. J. Ward, M. Zech, A. |
| description | Aims.Very high energy (VHE; $E>100$ GeV) γ-ray studies were performed for 18 active galactic nuclei (AGN) from a variety of AGN classes. Methods.VHE observations of a sample of 14 AGN, considered candidate VHE emitters, were made with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) between January 2005 and July 2007. Large-zenith-angle observations of three northern AGN (Mkn 421, Mkn 501, 1ES 1218+304), known to emit VHE γ-rays, were also performed in order to sample their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) above 1 TeV. In addition, the VHE flux from 1ES 1101-232, previously detected by HESS in 2004-2005, was monitored during 2006 and 2007. Results.As significant detections from the HESS observation program are reported elsewhere, the results reported here are primarily integral flux upper limits. The average exposure for each of the 14 VHE-candidate AGN is ~7 h live time, and the observations have an average energy threshold between 230 GeV and 590 GeV. Upper limits for these 14 AGN range from |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1051/0004-6361:20078604 |
| format | Article |
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G. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bernlöhr, K. ; Boisson, C. ; Bolz, O. ; Borrel, V. ; Braun, I. ; Brion, E. ; Brown, A. M. ; Bühler, R. ; Bulik, T. ; Chounet, L.-M. ; Clapson, A. C. ; Coignet, G. ; Costamante, L. ; Dalton, M. ; Degrange, B. ; Djannati-Ataï, A. ; Domainko, W. ; Dubois, F. ; Dubus, G. ; Egberts, K. ; Emmanoulopoulos, D. ; Espigat, P. ; Farnier, C. ; Feinstein, F. ; Fiasson, A. ; Förster, A. ; Fontaine, G. ; Funk, S. ; Füßling, M. ; Gallant, Y. A. ; Giebels, B. ; Glicenstein, J. F. ; Goret, P. ; Hadjichristidis, C. ; Hauser, M. ; Heinzelmann, G. ; Henri, G. ; Hinton, J. A. ; Hoffmann, A. ; Hofmann, W. ; Hoppe, S. ; Horns, D. ; Jacholkowska, A. ; Jung, I. ; Kendziorra, E. ; Kerschhaggl, M. ; Kosack, K. ; Latham, I. J. ; Lemoine-Goumard, M. ; Lenain, J.-P. ; Lohse, T. ; Martin, J. M. ; Marcowith, A. ; Maurin, D. ; Maurin, G. ; McComb, T. J. L. ; de Naurois, M. ; Nedbal, D. ; Nolan, S. J. ; Ohm, S. ; Olive, J.-P. ; de Oña Wilhelmi, E. ; Orford, K. J. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Panter, M. ; Petrucci, P.-O. ; Pita, S. ; Pühlhofer, G. ; Punch, M. ; Raubenheimer, B. C. ; Raue, M. ; Renaud, M. ; Rob, L. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Sahakian, V. ; Schöck, F. ; Schröder, R. ; Schwarzburg, S. ; Sol, H. ; Spangler, D. ; Stawarz, Ł. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, C. ; Superina, G. ; Tavernet, J.-P. ; Terrier, R. ; van Eldik, C. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Venter, C. ; Vialle, J. P. ; Vivier, M. ; Völk, H. J. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Ward, M. ; Zech, A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Aharonian, F. ; Akhperjanian, A. G. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bernlöhr, K. ; Boisson, C. ; Bolz, O. ; Borrel, V. ; Braun, I. ; Brion, E. ; Brown, A. M. ; Bühler, R. ; Bulik, T. ; Chounet, L.-M. ; Clapson, A. C. ; Coignet, G. ; Costamante, L. ; Dalton, M. ; Degrange, B. ; Djannati-Ataï, A. ; Domainko, W. ; Dubois, F. ; Dubus, G. ; Egberts, K. ; Emmanoulopoulos, D. ; Espigat, P. ; Farnier, C. ; Feinstein, F. ; Fiasson, A. ; Förster, A. ; Fontaine, G. ; Funk, S. ; Füßling, M. ; Gallant, Y. A. ; Giebels, B. ; Glicenstein, J. F. ; Goret, P. ; Hadjichristidis, C. ; Hauser, M. ; Heinzelmann, G. ; Henri, G. ; Hinton, J. A. ; Hoffmann, A. ; Hofmann, W. ; Hoppe, S. ; Horns, D. ; Jacholkowska, A. ; Jung, I. ; Kendziorra, E. ; Kerschhaggl, M. ; Kosack, K. ; Latham, I. J. ; Lemoine-Goumard, M. ; Lenain, J.-P. ; Lohse, T. ; Martin, J. M. ; Marcowith, A. ; Maurin, D. ; Maurin, G. ; McComb, T. J. L. ; de Naurois, M. ; Nedbal, D. ; Nolan, S. J. ; Ohm, S. ; Olive, J.-P. ; de Oña Wilhelmi, E. ; Orford, K. J. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Panter, M. ; Petrucci, P.-O. ; Pita, S. ; Pühlhofer, G. ; Punch, M. ; Raubenheimer, B. C. ; Raue, M. ; Renaud, M. ; Rob, L. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Sahakian, V. ; Schöck, F. ; Schröder, R. ; Schwarzburg, S. ; Sol, H. ; Spangler, D. ; Stawarz, Ł. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, C. ; Superina, G. ; Tavernet, J.-P. ; Terrier, R. ; van Eldik, C. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Venter, C. ; Vialle, J. P. ; Vivier, M. ; Völk, H. J. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Ward, M. ; Zech, A.</creatorcontrib><description><![CDATA[Aims.Very high energy (VHE; $E>100$ GeV) γ-ray studies were performed for 18 active galactic nuclei (AGN) from a variety of AGN classes. Methods.VHE observations of a sample of 14 AGN, considered candidate VHE emitters, were made with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) between January 2005 and July 2007. Large-zenith-angle observations of three northern AGN (Mkn 421, Mkn 501, 1ES 1218+304), known to emit VHE γ-rays, were also performed in order to sample their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) above 1 TeV. In addition, the VHE flux from 1ES 1101-232, previously detected by HESS in 2004-2005, was monitored during 2006 and 2007. Results.As significant detections from the HESS observation program are reported elsewhere, the results reported here are primarily integral flux upper limits. The average exposure for each of the 14 VHE-candidate AGN is ~7 h live time, and the observations have an average energy threshold between 230 GeV and 590 GeV. Upper limits for these 14 AGN range from <0.9% to <4.9% of the Crab Nebula flux, and eight of these are the most constraining ever reported for the object. The brief (<2.2 h each) large-zenith-angle observations yield upper limits for Mkn 501 (<20% Crab above 2.5 TeV) and 1ES 1218+304 (<17% Crab above 1.0 TeV), and a marginal detection ($3.5\sigma$) of Mkn 421 (50% Crab above 2.1 TeV). 1ES 1101-232 was marginally detected ($3.6\sigma$, 1.7% Crab above 260 GeV) during the 2006 (13.7 h live time) observations, but not in the 2007 (4.6 h live time) data. The upper limit in 2007 (<1.9% Crab above 260 GeV) is below the average flux measured by HESS from 2004-2006.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-6361</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0746</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0756</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20078604</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AAEJAF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Les Ulis: EDP Sciences</publisher><subject>Astronomy ; Astrophysics ; Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics ; Earth, ocean, space ; Exact sciences and technology ; galaxies: active ; gamma rays: observations ; Physics ; Sciences of the Universe</subject><ispartof>Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin), 2008-02, Vol.478 (2), p.387-393</ispartof><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c492t-6405630c87e5f171965550e3b0706d488fd6285b8048f51a5752befc96b0af373</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c492t-6405630c87e5f171965550e3b0706d488fd6285b8048f51a5752befc96b0af373</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9751-7633 ; 0000-0001-8424-3621 ; 0000-0002-9199-7031 ; 0000-0002-4710-2165 ; 0000-0002-4388-5625 ; 0000-0001-5893-1797 ; 0000-0001-6061-3480 ; 0000-0003-0589-9687 ; 0000-0002-2203-4880 ; 0000-0003-1157-3915 ; 0000-0001-7909-588X ; 0000-0003-0452-3805 ; 0000-0002-6204-0409 ; 0000-0002-5130-2514 ; 0000-0003-4187-9560 ; 0000-0002-7245-201X ; 0000-0003-3280-0582 ; 0000-0002-3474-2243 ; 0000-0002-1229-278X ; 0000-0003-1945-0119 ; 0000-0002-5331-0606 ; 0000-0002-2666-4812 ; 0000-0002-3971-0910 ; 0000-0001-9669-645X ; 0000-0002-9516-1581 ; 0000-0003-1187-4240 ; 0000-0001-7284-9220</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,882,3714,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20028975$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://in2p3.hal.science/in2p3-00189509$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Aharonian, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akhperjanian, A. 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C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raue, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Renaud, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rob, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rowell, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rudak, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahakian, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schöck, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schröder, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwarzburg, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sol, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spangler, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stawarz, Ł.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steenkamp, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stegmann, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Superina, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tavernet, J.-P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Terrier, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Eldik, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vasileiadis, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Venter, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vialle, J. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vivier, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Völk, H. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wagner, S. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ward, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zech, A.</creatorcontrib><title>Upper limits from HESS active galactic nuclei observations in 2005–2007</title><title>Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin)</title><description><![CDATA[Aims.Very high energy (VHE; $E>100$ GeV) γ-ray studies were performed for 18 active galactic nuclei (AGN) from a variety of AGN classes. Methods.VHE observations of a sample of 14 AGN, considered candidate VHE emitters, were made with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) between January 2005 and July 2007. Large-zenith-angle observations of three northern AGN (Mkn 421, Mkn 501, 1ES 1218+304), known to emit VHE γ-rays, were also performed in order to sample their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) above 1 TeV. In addition, the VHE flux from 1ES 1101-232, previously detected by HESS in 2004-2005, was monitored during 2006 and 2007. Results.As significant detections from the HESS observation program are reported elsewhere, the results reported here are primarily integral flux upper limits. The average exposure for each of the 14 VHE-candidate AGN is ~7 h live time, and the observations have an average energy threshold between 230 GeV and 590 GeV. Upper limits for these 14 AGN range from <0.9% to <4.9% of the Crab Nebula flux, and eight of these are the most constraining ever reported for the object. The brief (<2.2 h each) large-zenith-angle observations yield upper limits for Mkn 501 (<20% Crab above 2.5 TeV) and 1ES 1218+304 (<17% Crab above 1.0 TeV), and a marginal detection ($3.5\sigma$) of Mkn 421 (50% Crab above 2.1 TeV). 1ES 1101-232 was marginally detected ($3.6\sigma$, 1.7% Crab above 260 GeV) during the 2006 (13.7 h live time) observations, but not in the 2007 (4.6 h live time) data. The upper limit in 2007 (<1.9% Crab above 260 GeV) is below the average flux measured by HESS from 2004-2006.]]></description><subject>Astronomy</subject><subject>Astrophysics</subject><subject>Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>galaxies: active</subject><subject>gamma rays: observations</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Sciences of the Universe</subject><issn>0004-6361</issn><issn>1432-0746</issn><issn>1432-0756</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNo9kMtOwzAQRS0EEuXxA6y8gQ0KjO34EXZQAUWqBOIhlpZjbDCkSbDTCnb8A3_Il5Co0NXMaM69V7oI7RE4IsDJMQDkmWCCnFAAqQTka2hEckYzkLlYR6MVsIm2UnrtT0oUG6Grh7Z1EVdhFrqEfWxmeHJ-d4eN7cLC4WdTDZvF9dxWLuCmTC4uTBeaOuFQ4z6N_3x9D6E7aMObKrndv7mNHi7O78eTbHp9eTU-nWY2L2iXiRy4YGCVdNwTSQrBOQfHSpAgnnKl_JOgipcKcuU5MVxyWjpvC1GC8UyybXS49H0xlW5jmJn4qRsT9OR0qkNNW6YBiCo4FAvS0wdLuo3N-9ylTs9Csq6qTO2aedIUuBQKih6kS9DGJqXo_MqbgB461kOFeqhQ_3fci_b_3E2ypvLR1DaklbLnqCok77lsyYXUuY_V38Q3LSSTXCt41BPBb4rx2aW-Zb_yWYbW</recordid><startdate>20080201</startdate><enddate>20080201</enddate><creator>Aharonian, F.</creator><creator>Akhperjanian, A. 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J.</creator><creator>Ward, M.</creator><creator>Zech, A.</creator><general>EDP Sciences</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>1XC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9751-7633</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8424-3621</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-7031</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4710-2165</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-5625</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5893-1797</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6061-3480</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-9687</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2203-4880</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-3915</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-588X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-3805</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-0409</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5130-2514</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4187-9560</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7245-201X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3280-0582</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-2243</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-278X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1945-0119</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5331-0606</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-4812</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-0910</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9669-645X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9516-1581</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1187-4240</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7284-9220</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20080201</creationdate><title>Upper limits from HESS active galactic nuclei observations in 2005–2007</title><author>Aharonian, F. ; Akhperjanian, A. G. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bernlöhr, K. ; Boisson, C. ; Bolz, O. ; Borrel, V. ; Braun, I. ; Brion, E. ; Brown, A. M. ; Bühler, R. ; Bulik, T. ; Chounet, L.-M. ; Clapson, A. C. ; Coignet, G. ; Costamante, L. ; Dalton, M. ; Degrange, B. ; Djannati-Ataï, A. ; Domainko, W. ; Dubois, F. ; Dubus, G. ; Egberts, K. ; Emmanoulopoulos, D. ; Espigat, P. ; Farnier, C. ; Feinstein, F. ; Fiasson, A. ; Förster, A. ; Fontaine, G. ; Funk, S. ; Füßling, M. ; Gallant, Y. A. ; Giebels, B. ; Glicenstein, J. F. ; Goret, P. ; Hadjichristidis, C. ; Hauser, M. ; Heinzelmann, G. ; Henri, G. ; Hinton, J. A. ; Hoffmann, A. ; Hofmann, W. ; Hoppe, S. ; Horns, D. ; Jacholkowska, A. ; Jung, I. ; Kendziorra, E. ; Kerschhaggl, M. ; Kosack, K. ; Latham, I. J. ; Lemoine-Goumard, M. ; Lenain, J.-P. ; Lohse, T. ; Martin, J. M. ; Marcowith, A. ; Maurin, D. ; Maurin, G. ; McComb, T. J. L. ; de Naurois, M. ; Nedbal, D. ; Nolan, S. J. ; Ohm, S. ; Olive, J.-P. ; de Oña Wilhelmi, E. ; Orford, K. J. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Panter, M. ; Petrucci, P.-O. ; Pita, S. ; Pühlhofer, G. ; Punch, M. ; Raubenheimer, B. C. ; Raue, M. ; Renaud, M. ; Rob, L. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Sahakian, V. ; Schöck, F. ; Schröder, R. ; Schwarzburg, S. ; Sol, H. ; Spangler, D. ; Stawarz, Ł. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, C. ; Superina, G. ; Tavernet, J.-P. ; Terrier, R. ; van Eldik, C. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Venter, C. ; Vialle, J. P. ; Vivier, M. ; Völk, H. J. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Ward, M. ; Zech, A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c492t-6405630c87e5f171965550e3b0706d488fd6285b8048f51a5752befc96b0af373</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Astronomy</topic><topic>Astrophysics</topic><topic>Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>galaxies: active</topic><topic>gamma rays: observations</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Sciences of the Universe</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Aharonian, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akhperjanian, A. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beilicke, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benbow, W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bernlöhr, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boisson, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bolz, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borrel, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Braun, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brion, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, A. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bühler, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bulik, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chounet, L.-M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clapson, A. 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F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goret, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hadjichristidis, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hauser, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heinzelmann, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henri, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hinton, J. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoffmann, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hofmann, W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoppe, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horns, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacholkowska, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jung, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kendziorra, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kerschhaggl, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kosack, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latham, I. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lemoine-Goumard, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lenain, J.-P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lohse, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martin, J. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marcowith, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maurin, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maurin, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McComb, T. J. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Naurois, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nedbal, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nolan, S. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ohm, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olive, J.-P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Oña Wilhelmi, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orford, K. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ostrowski, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panter, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrucci, P.-O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pita, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pühlhofer, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Punch, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raubenheimer, B. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raue, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Renaud, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rob, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rowell, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rudak, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahakian, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schöck, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schröder, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwarzburg, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sol, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spangler, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stawarz, Ł.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steenkamp, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stegmann, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Superina, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tavernet, J.-P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Terrier, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Eldik, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vasileiadis, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Venter, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vialle, J. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vivier, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Völk, H. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wagner, S. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ward, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zech, A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Aharonian, F.</au><au>Akhperjanian, A. G.</au><au>Beilicke, M.</au><au>Benbow, W.</au><au>Bernlöhr, K.</au><au>Boisson, C.</au><au>Bolz, O.</au><au>Borrel, V.</au><au>Braun, I.</au><au>Brion, E.</au><au>Brown, A. M.</au><au>Bühler, R.</au><au>Bulik, T.</au><au>Chounet, L.-M.</au><au>Clapson, A. C.</au><au>Coignet, G.</au><au>Costamante, L.</au><au>Dalton, M.</au><au>Degrange, B.</au><au>Djannati-Ataï, A.</au><au>Domainko, W.</au><au>Dubois, F.</au><au>Dubus, G.</au><au>Egberts, K.</au><au>Emmanoulopoulos, D.</au><au>Espigat, P.</au><au>Farnier, C.</au><au>Feinstein, F.</au><au>Fiasson, A.</au><au>Förster, A.</au><au>Fontaine, G.</au><au>Funk, S.</au><au>Füßling, M.</au><au>Gallant, Y. A.</au><au>Giebels, B.</au><au>Glicenstein, J. F.</au><au>Goret, P.</au><au>Hadjichristidis, C.</au><au>Hauser, M.</au><au>Heinzelmann, G.</au><au>Henri, G.</au><au>Hinton, J. A.</au><au>Hoffmann, A.</au><au>Hofmann, W.</au><au>Hoppe, S.</au><au>Horns, D.</au><au>Jacholkowska, A.</au><au>Jung, I.</au><au>Kendziorra, E.</au><au>Kerschhaggl, M.</au><au>Kosack, K.</au><au>Latham, I. J.</au><au>Lemoine-Goumard, M.</au><au>Lenain, J.-P.</au><au>Lohse, T.</au><au>Martin, J. M.</au><au>Marcowith, A.</au><au>Maurin, D.</au><au>Maurin, G.</au><au>McComb, T. J. L.</au><au>de Naurois, M.</au><au>Nedbal, D.</au><au>Nolan, S. J.</au><au>Ohm, S.</au><au>Olive, J.-P.</au><au>de Oña Wilhelmi, E.</au><au>Orford, K. J.</au><au>Ostrowski, M.</au><au>Panter, M.</au><au>Petrucci, P.-O.</au><au>Pita, S.</au><au>Pühlhofer, G.</au><au>Punch, M.</au><au>Raubenheimer, B. C.</au><au>Raue, M.</au><au>Renaud, M.</au><au>Rob, L.</au><au>Rowell, G.</au><au>Rudak, B.</au><au>Sahakian, V.</au><au>Schöck, F.</au><au>Schröder, R.</au><au>Schwarzburg, S.</au><au>Sol, H.</au><au>Spangler, D.</au><au>Stawarz, Ł.</au><au>Steenkamp, R.</au><au>Stegmann, C.</au><au>Superina, G.</au><au>Tavernet, J.-P.</au><au>Terrier, R.</au><au>van Eldik, C.</au><au>Vasileiadis, G.</au><au>Venter, C.</au><au>Vialle, J. P.</au><au>Vivier, M.</au><au>Völk, H. J.</au><au>Wagner, S. J.</au><au>Ward, M.</au><au>Zech, A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Upper limits from HESS active galactic nuclei observations in 2005–2007</atitle><jtitle>Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin)</jtitle><date>2008-02-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>478</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>387</spage><epage>393</epage><pages>387-393</pages><issn>0004-6361</issn><eissn>1432-0746</eissn><eissn>1432-0756</eissn><coden>AAEJAF</coden><abstract><![CDATA[Aims.Very high energy (VHE; $E>100$ GeV) γ-ray studies were performed for 18 active galactic nuclei (AGN) from a variety of AGN classes. Methods.VHE observations of a sample of 14 AGN, considered candidate VHE emitters, were made with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) between January 2005 and July 2007. Large-zenith-angle observations of three northern AGN (Mkn 421, Mkn 501, 1ES 1218+304), known to emit VHE γ-rays, were also performed in order to sample their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) above 1 TeV. In addition, the VHE flux from 1ES 1101-232, previously detected by HESS in 2004-2005, was monitored during 2006 and 2007. Results.As significant detections from the HESS observation program are reported elsewhere, the results reported here are primarily integral flux upper limits. The average exposure for each of the 14 VHE-candidate AGN is ~7 h live time, and the observations have an average energy threshold between 230 GeV and 590 GeV. Upper limits for these 14 AGN range from <0.9% to <4.9% of the Crab Nebula flux, and eight of these are the most constraining ever reported for the object. The brief (<2.2 h each) large-zenith-angle observations yield upper limits for Mkn 501 (<20% Crab above 2.5 TeV) and 1ES 1218+304 (<17% Crab above 1.0 TeV), and a marginal detection ($3.5\sigma$) of Mkn 421 (50% Crab above 2.1 TeV). 1ES 1101-232 was marginally detected ($3.6\sigma$, 1.7% Crab above 260 GeV) during the 2006 (13.7 h live time) observations, but not in the 2007 (4.6 h live time) data. The upper limit in 2007 (<1.9% Crab above 260 GeV) is below the average flux measured by HESS from 2004-2006.]]></abstract><cop>Les Ulis</cop><pub>EDP Sciences</pub><doi>10.1051/0004-6361:20078604</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9751-7633</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8424-3621</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-7031</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4710-2165</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-5625</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5893-1797</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6061-3480</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-9687</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2203-4880</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-3915</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-588X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-3805</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-0409</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5130-2514</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4187-9560</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7245-201X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3280-0582</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-2243</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-278X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1945-0119</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5331-0606</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-4812</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-0910</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9669-645X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9516-1581</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1187-4240</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7284-9220</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0004-6361 |
| ispartof | Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin), 2008-02, Vol.478 (2), p.387-393 |
| issn | 0004-6361 1432-0746 1432-0756 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_in2p3_00189509v1 |
| source | Bacon EDP Sciences France Licence nationale-ISTEX-PS-Journals-PFISTEX; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; EDP Sciences |
| subjects | Astronomy Astrophysics Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology galaxies: active gamma rays: observations Physics Sciences of the Universe |
| title | Upper limits from HESS active galactic nuclei observations in 2005–2007 |
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