Charged-particle evaporation and pre-equilibrium emission in 1.2 GeV proton-induced spallation reactions
Absolute cross sections, energy spectra, and angular distributions have been measured for 1,2,3H, 3,4,6He, 6,7,8,9Li and 7,9,10Be isotopes produced in 1.2 GeV proton-induced spallation reactions with targets between Al and Th. Results of simulation calculations with the intra-nuclear cascade code IN...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nuclear physics. A 2006-02, Vol.765 (3), p.426-463 |
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| creator | Herbach, C.-M. Hilscher, D. Jahnke, U. Tishchenko, V.G. Galin, J. Letourneau, A. Péghaire, A. Filges, D. Goldenbaum, F. Pienkowski, L. Schröder, W.U. Tõke, J. |
| description | Absolute cross sections, energy spectra, and angular distributions have been measured for
1,2,3H,
3,4,6He,
6,7,8,9Li and
7,9,10Be isotopes produced in 1.2 GeV proton-induced spallation reactions with targets between Al and Th. Results of simulation calculations with the intra-nuclear cascade code INCL2.0 coupled to the statistical model GEMINI are in good agreement with these data, as to charged-particle evaporation, mean excitation energy, and mean linear momentum transfer. The pre-equilibrium emission of composite particles, not accounted for in these simulations, however, typically contributes to the total production of composite particles by 40–60% for
2H and
3He, 20–40% for
3H, 5–20% for
4He, and about 15–25% for Li and Be. The composite pre-equilibrium particles together carry off a mean energy of up to 50 MeV, i.e., about 30% compared to the mean energy released by particle evaporation. For deuterons, pre-equilibrium emission is shown to be well described by surface coalescence while definitely other mechanisms are required for
4He and heavier clusters. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.10.014 |
| format | Article |
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1,2,3H,
3,4,6He,
6,7,8,9Li and
7,9,10Be isotopes produced in 1.2 GeV proton-induced spallation reactions with targets between Al and Th. Results of simulation calculations with the intra-nuclear cascade code INCL2.0 coupled to the statistical model GEMINI are in good agreement with these data, as to charged-particle evaporation, mean excitation energy, and mean linear momentum transfer. The pre-equilibrium emission of composite particles, not accounted for in these simulations, however, typically contributes to the total production of composite particles by 40–60% for
2H and
3He, 20–40% for
3H, 5–20% for
4He, and about 15–25% for Li and Be. The composite pre-equilibrium particles together carry off a mean energy of up to 50 MeV, i.e., about 30% compared to the mean energy released by particle evaporation. For deuterons, pre-equilibrium emission is shown to be well described by surface coalescence while definitely other mechanisms are required for
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1,2,3H,
3,4,6He,
6,7,8,9Li and
7,9,10Be isotopes produced in 1.2 GeV proton-induced spallation reactions with targets between Al and Th. Results of simulation calculations with the intra-nuclear cascade code INCL2.0 coupled to the statistical model GEMINI are in good agreement with these data, as to charged-particle evaporation, mean excitation energy, and mean linear momentum transfer. The pre-equilibrium emission of composite particles, not accounted for in these simulations, however, typically contributes to the total production of composite particles by 40–60% for
2H and
3He, 20–40% for
3H, 5–20% for
4He, and about 15–25% for Li and Be. The composite pre-equilibrium particles together carry off a mean energy of up to 50 MeV, i.e., about 30% compared to the mean energy released by particle evaporation. For deuterons, pre-equilibrium emission is shown to be well described by surface coalescence while definitely other mechanisms are required for
4He and heavier clusters.</description><subject>Al, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zr, Ag, Ho, Ta, W, Au, Pb, Th(p, X)</subject><subject>deduced role of pre-equilibrium emission</subject><subject>formula omitted</subject><subject>Intra-nuclear cascade and statistical evaporation model analysis</subject><subject>measured light charged particles isotopic production</subject><subject>Nuclear Experiment</subject><subject>Nuclear reactions</subject><subject>Physics</subject><issn>0375-9474</issn><issn>1873-1554</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFUF1LwzAUDaLgnP4G-y6pSdo07eMYugkDX9TXkCY3NqNra9IN9u9NqezV-3Iv93zAOQg9UpJSQovnfdoddTs056BSRgiP35TQ_AotaCkyTDnPr9GCZILjKhf5LboLYU_iFIQsULNulP8GgwflR6dbSOCkht6r0fVdojqTDB4w_Bxd62rvjocEDi6ECXRdQlOWbOArcvqx77DrzFGDScKg2nZ28KD0dIR7dGNVG-Dhby_R5-vLx3qLd--bt_Vqh3XG6YhLXjJdVyS3paiqrAZqKsNFVtNKQMYUs2XFCp5TQ0rOa11YYNoQq0lZWlPYbImeZt9GtXLw7qD8WfbKye1qJ13HhkzG7IwLwU80ssXM1r4PwYO9SCiRU71yLy_1yqneCYj1RuVqVkIMc3LgZdAOuhjfedCjNL371-MXXzqI6g</recordid><startdate>20060206</startdate><enddate>20060206</enddate><creator>Herbach, C.-M.</creator><creator>Hilscher, D.</creator><creator>Jahnke, U.</creator><creator>Tishchenko, V.G.</creator><creator>Galin, J.</creator><creator>Letourneau, A.</creator><creator>Péghaire, A.</creator><creator>Filges, D.</creator><creator>Goldenbaum, F.</creator><creator>Pienkowski, L.</creator><creator>Schröder, W.U.</creator><creator>Tõke, J.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>North-Holland ; Elsevier [1967-....]</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>1XC</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060206</creationdate><title>Charged-particle evaporation and pre-equilibrium emission in 1.2 GeV proton-induced spallation reactions</title><author>Herbach, C.-M. ; Hilscher, D. ; Jahnke, U. ; Tishchenko, V.G. ; Galin, J. ; Letourneau, A. ; Péghaire, A. ; Filges, D. ; Goldenbaum, F. ; Pienkowski, L. ; Schröder, W.U. ; Tõke, J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c351t-8582cb904f87993be1d9d573b197e32a2f8926541d0855bc6fe2cd0fc088fd6f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Al, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zr, Ag, Ho, Ta, W, Au, Pb, Th(p, X)</topic><topic>deduced role of pre-equilibrium emission</topic><topic>formula omitted</topic><topic>Intra-nuclear cascade and statistical evaporation model analysis</topic><topic>measured light charged particles isotopic production</topic><topic>Nuclear Experiment</topic><topic>Nuclear reactions</topic><topic>Physics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Herbach, C.-M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hilscher, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jahnke, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tishchenko, V.G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galin, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Letourneau, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Péghaire, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Filges, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goldenbaum, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pienkowski, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schröder, W.U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tõke, J.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Nuclear physics. A</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Herbach, C.-M.</au><au>Hilscher, D.</au><au>Jahnke, U.</au><au>Tishchenko, V.G.</au><au>Galin, J.</au><au>Letourneau, A.</au><au>Péghaire, A.</au><au>Filges, D.</au><au>Goldenbaum, F.</au><au>Pienkowski, L.</au><au>Schröder, W.U.</au><au>Tõke, J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Charged-particle evaporation and pre-equilibrium emission in 1.2 GeV proton-induced spallation reactions</atitle><jtitle>Nuclear physics. A</jtitle><date>2006-02-06</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>765</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>426</spage><epage>463</epage><pages>426-463</pages><issn>0375-9474</issn><eissn>1873-1554</eissn><abstract>Absolute cross sections, energy spectra, and angular distributions have been measured for
1,2,3H,
3,4,6He,
6,7,8,9Li and
7,9,10Be isotopes produced in 1.2 GeV proton-induced spallation reactions with targets between Al and Th. Results of simulation calculations with the intra-nuclear cascade code INCL2.0 coupled to the statistical model GEMINI are in good agreement with these data, as to charged-particle evaporation, mean excitation energy, and mean linear momentum transfer. The pre-equilibrium emission of composite particles, not accounted for in these simulations, however, typically contributes to the total production of composite particles by 40–60% for
2H and
3He, 20–40% for
3H, 5–20% for
4He, and about 15–25% for Li and Be. The composite pre-equilibrium particles together carry off a mean energy of up to 50 MeV, i.e., about 30% compared to the mean energy released by particle evaporation. For deuterons, pre-equilibrium emission is shown to be well described by surface coalescence while definitely other mechanisms are required for
4He and heavier clusters.</abstract><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.10.014</doi><tpages>38</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Al, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zr, Ag, Ho, Ta, W, Au, Pb, Th(p, X) deduced role of pre-equilibrium emission formula omitted Intra-nuclear cascade and statistical evaporation model analysis measured light charged particles isotopic production Nuclear Experiment Nuclear reactions Physics |
| title | Charged-particle evaporation and pre-equilibrium emission in 1.2 GeV proton-induced spallation reactions |
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