Spatial variations of PAH, hopanes/steranes and EC/OC concentrations within and between European study areas

Limited information is available on the contribution of organic components in particulate matter to health effects related to fine particles. Spatial variability of specific fine particle organic components has not been assessed with consistent methods. The aim of this paper is to assess spatial var...

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Veröffentlicht in:Atmospheric environment (1994) 2014-04, Vol.87, p.239-248
Hauptverfasser: Jedynska, Aleksandra, Hoek, Gerard, Eeftens, Marloes, Cyrys, Josef, Keuken, Menno, Ampe, Christophe, Beelen, Rob, Cesaroni, Giulia, Forastiere, Francesco, Cirach, Marta, de Hoogh, Kees, De Nazelle, Audrey, Madsen, Christian, Declercq, Christophe, Eriksen, Kirsten T., Katsouyanni, Klea, Akhlaghi, Helgah Makarem, Lanki, Timo, Meliefste, Kees, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Oldenwening, Marieke, Pennanen, Arto, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Brunekreef, Bert, Kooter, Ingeborg M.
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container_issue
container_start_page 239
container_title Atmospheric environment (1994)
container_volume 87
creator Jedynska, Aleksandra
Hoek, Gerard
Eeftens, Marloes
Cyrys, Josef
Keuken, Menno
Ampe, Christophe
Beelen, Rob
Cesaroni, Giulia
Forastiere, Francesco
Cirach, Marta
de Hoogh, Kees
De Nazelle, Audrey
Madsen, Christian
Declercq, Christophe
Eriksen, Kirsten T.
Katsouyanni, Klea
Akhlaghi, Helgah Makarem
Lanki, Timo
Meliefste, Kees
Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark
Oldenwening, Marieke
Pennanen, Arto
Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole
Brunekreef, Bert
Kooter, Ingeborg M.
description Limited information is available on the contribution of organic components in particulate matter to health effects related to fine particles. Spatial variability of specific fine particle organic components has not been assessed with consistent methods. The aim of this paper is to assess spatial variation of organic components of fine particles within and between European study areas. Highly standardized measurements of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), hopanes/steranes, elemental/organic carbon (EC/OC) and levoglucosan were performed measured in ten study areas across Europe. In each study area, measurements were conducted at street, urban and regional background sites. Three two-week samples were taken per site and the annual average levels of pollutants were calculated using continuous measurements at one background site as a reference. Substantial variations within and between the study areas were found. EC/OC and hopanes/steranes concentrations were highest in southern European study areas and lowest in northern locations. PAH concentrations were lowest in London/Oxford and highest in Copenhagen, Rome and Athens. Concentrations at street locations were higher than at background locations in all study areas and for all components. However, these differences varied considerably between study areas and components. EC had the highest median street to urban background ratio (1.62), OC the lowest (1.32). EC was highly correlated with NOx and PM2.5 absorbance in all areas, with median r = 0.85 and r = 0.89, respectively. The correlation between OC and other components was variable, with a median correlation of 0.65 with PM2.5 mass and a weak (0.18) correlation with Σhopanes/steranes. ΣPAH correlated moderately with EC (r = 0.59) and weakly with ∑hopanes/steranes (r = 0.36). In conclusion, substantial variability was found in spatial patterns of atmospheric EC, OC, PAH and hopanes/steranes both within and between European study areas. The application of this highly standardized measurement approach across different locations will contribute to a consistent assessment of air pollutant levels and potentially contribute to understanding health effects associated with them. •We used standardized method to measure EC, OC, PAH and hopanes/steranes in 10 European areas.•The highest contrast within study areas was for EC, the lowest for OC.•Concentrations of EC, OC but not PAH were higher in Southern than in Northern European areas.•Traffic impact to PAH levels
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.026
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Spatial variability of specific fine particle organic components has not been assessed with consistent methods. The aim of this paper is to assess spatial variation of organic components of fine particles within and between European study areas. Highly standardized measurements of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), hopanes/steranes, elemental/organic carbon (EC/OC) and levoglucosan were performed measured in ten study areas across Europe. In each study area, measurements were conducted at street, urban and regional background sites. Three two-week samples were taken per site and the annual average levels of pollutants were calculated using continuous measurements at one background site as a reference. Substantial variations within and between the study areas were found. EC/OC and hopanes/steranes concentrations were highest in southern European study areas and lowest in northern locations. PAH concentrations were lowest in London/Oxford and highest in Copenhagen, Rome and Athens. Concentrations at street locations were higher than at background locations in all study areas and for all components. However, these differences varied considerably between study areas and components. EC had the highest median street to urban background ratio (1.62), OC the lowest (1.32). EC was highly correlated with NOx and PM2.5 absorbance in all areas, with median r = 0.85 and r = 0.89, respectively. The correlation between OC and other components was variable, with a median correlation of 0.65 with PM2.5 mass and a weak (0.18) correlation with Σhopanes/steranes. ΣPAH correlated moderately with EC (r = 0.59) and weakly with ∑hopanes/steranes (r = 0.36). In conclusion, substantial variability was found in spatial patterns of atmospheric EC, OC, PAH and hopanes/steranes both within and between European study areas. The application of this highly standardized measurement approach across different locations will contribute to a consistent assessment of air pollutant levels and potentially contribute to understanding health effects associated with them. •We used standardized method to measure EC, OC, PAH and hopanes/steranes in 10 European areas.•The highest contrast within study areas was for EC, the lowest for OC.•Concentrations of EC, OC but not PAH were higher in Southern than in Northern European areas.•Traffic impact to PAH levels differed substantially across study areas.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1352-2310</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2844</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.026</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Atmospheric pollution ; Environmental Sciences ; Exact sciences and technology ; Hopanes/steranes ; PAH ; PM2.5 ; Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution ; Pollution ; Spatial variation</subject><ispartof>Atmospheric environment (1994), 2014-04, Vol.87, p.239-248</ispartof><rights>2014 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c442t-48c64abe6bf8d7d7cc38b5c6ce5b4bc793198fc213e12c97a727ad2c486e9cd73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c442t-48c64abe6bf8d7d7cc38b5c6ce5b4bc793198fc213e12c97a727ad2c486e9cd73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.026$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=28760318$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-04781057$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jedynska, Aleksandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoek, Gerard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eeftens, Marloes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cyrys, Josef</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keuken, Menno</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ampe, Christophe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beelen, Rob</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cesaroni, Giulia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forastiere, Francesco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cirach, Marta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Hoogh, Kees</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Nazelle, Audrey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madsen, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Declercq, Christophe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eriksen, Kirsten T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katsouyanni, Klea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akhlaghi, Helgah Makarem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lanki, Timo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meliefste, Kees</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oldenwening, Marieke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pennanen, Arto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brunekreef, Bert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kooter, Ingeborg M.</creatorcontrib><title>Spatial variations of PAH, hopanes/steranes and EC/OC concentrations within and between European study areas</title><title>Atmospheric environment (1994)</title><description>Limited information is available on the contribution of organic components in particulate matter to health effects related to fine particles. Spatial variability of specific fine particle organic components has not been assessed with consistent methods. The aim of this paper is to assess spatial variation of organic components of fine particles within and between European study areas. Highly standardized measurements of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), hopanes/steranes, elemental/organic carbon (EC/OC) and levoglucosan were performed measured in ten study areas across Europe. In each study area, measurements were conducted at street, urban and regional background sites. Three two-week samples were taken per site and the annual average levels of pollutants were calculated using continuous measurements at one background site as a reference. Substantial variations within and between the study areas were found. EC/OC and hopanes/steranes concentrations were highest in southern European study areas and lowest in northern locations. PAH concentrations were lowest in London/Oxford and highest in Copenhagen, Rome and Athens. Concentrations at street locations were higher than at background locations in all study areas and for all components. However, these differences varied considerably between study areas and components. EC had the highest median street to urban background ratio (1.62), OC the lowest (1.32). EC was highly correlated with NOx and PM2.5 absorbance in all areas, with median r = 0.85 and r = 0.89, respectively. The correlation between OC and other components was variable, with a median correlation of 0.65 with PM2.5 mass and a weak (0.18) correlation with Σhopanes/steranes. ΣPAH correlated moderately with EC (r = 0.59) and weakly with ∑hopanes/steranes (r = 0.36). In conclusion, substantial variability was found in spatial patterns of atmospheric EC, OC, PAH and hopanes/steranes both within and between European study areas. The application of this highly standardized measurement approach across different locations will contribute to a consistent assessment of air pollutant levels and potentially contribute to understanding health effects associated with them. •We used standardized method to measure EC, OC, PAH and hopanes/steranes in 10 European areas.•The highest contrast within study areas was for EC, the lowest for OC.•Concentrations of EC, OC but not PAH were higher in Southern than in Northern European areas.•Traffic impact to PAH levels differed substantially across study areas.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Atmospheric pollution</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Hopanes/steranes</subject><subject>PAH</subject><subject>PM2.5</subject><subject>Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Spatial variation</subject><issn>1352-2310</issn><issn>1873-2844</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkM1qGzEURofSQtOkr1C06aLQGevPI82uxrhxwJBA27XQ3LmDZSbSICkOefvIdZJtVvrQ_c4VOlX1jdGGUdYuDo3N9yGhPzacMtlQ1lDefqgumFai5lrKjyWLJa-5YPRz9SWlA6VUqE5dVNOf2WZnJ3K00ZUUfCJhJHer7U-yD7P1mBYpYzwFYv1ANuvF7ZpA8IA-xxfi0eW98__nPeZHRE82DzHMaD1J-WF4IjaiTVfVp9FOCb--nJfVv9-bv-ttvbu9vlmvdjVIyXMtNbTS9tj2ox7UoACE7pfQAi572YPqBOv0CJwJZBw6ZRVXduAgdYsdDEpcVj_Oe_d2MnN09zY-mWCd2a525nRHpdKMLtWRlW577kIMKUUc3wBGzcmvOZhXv-bk11Bmit8Cfj-Ds01gp7EoApfeaK5VSwXTpffr3MPy46PDaBI4LPoGFxGyGYJ776lnJ5eVpw</recordid><startdate>20140401</startdate><enddate>20140401</enddate><creator>Jedynska, Aleksandra</creator><creator>Hoek, Gerard</creator><creator>Eeftens, Marloes</creator><creator>Cyrys, Josef</creator><creator>Keuken, Menno</creator><creator>Ampe, Christophe</creator><creator>Beelen, Rob</creator><creator>Cesaroni, Giulia</creator><creator>Forastiere, Francesco</creator><creator>Cirach, Marta</creator><creator>de Hoogh, Kees</creator><creator>De Nazelle, Audrey</creator><creator>Madsen, Christian</creator><creator>Declercq, Christophe</creator><creator>Eriksen, Kirsten T.</creator><creator>Katsouyanni, Klea</creator><creator>Akhlaghi, Helgah Makarem</creator><creator>Lanki, Timo</creator><creator>Meliefste, Kees</creator><creator>Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark</creator><creator>Oldenwening, Marieke</creator><creator>Pennanen, Arto</creator><creator>Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole</creator><creator>Brunekreef, Bert</creator><creator>Kooter, Ingeborg M.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>1XC</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140401</creationdate><title>Spatial variations of PAH, hopanes/steranes and EC/OC concentrations within and between European study areas</title><author>Jedynska, Aleksandra ; 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The application of this highly standardized measurement approach across different locations will contribute to a consistent assessment of air pollutant levels and potentially contribute to understanding health effects associated with them. •We used standardized method to measure EC, OC, PAH and hopanes/steranes in 10 European areas.•The highest contrast within study areas was for EC, the lowest for OC.•Concentrations of EC, OC but not PAH were higher in Southern than in Northern European areas.•Traffic impact to PAH levels differed substantially across study areas.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.026</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Applied sciences
Atmospheric pollution
Environmental Sciences
Exact sciences and technology
Hopanes/steranes
PAH
PM2.5
Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution
Pollution
Spatial variation
title Spatial variations of PAH, hopanes/steranes and EC/OC concentrations within and between European study areas
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