Incorporating hydrothermal liquefaction into wastewater treatment – Part II: Characterization, environmental impacts, and potential applications of hydrochar
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technique for renewable biofuel (biocrude) production from municipal sludge. However, its solid byproduct, hydrochar, requires sustainable management for further resource recovery and pollution control. This study comprehensively assessed the properties...
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| description | Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technique for renewable biofuel (biocrude) production from municipal sludge. However, its solid byproduct, hydrochar, requires sustainable management for further resource recovery and pollution control. This study comprehensively assessed the properties, environmental influences, and possible utilizations of hydrochar generated from mixed sludge (MS). With the increase of HTL reaction temperatures (290–360 °C) and residence time (0–30 min), the dry-weight contents of ash and fuel ratio increased from 10.5% and 0.1 in MS to 48.7–68.5% and 0.4–0.7 in hydrochar, respectively. However, the dry-basis contents of volatile matter, carbon, and higher heating value sharply decreased to 18.7–35.9%, 22.9–37.3%, and 8.6–16.0 MJ/kg, respectively. The leaching risks of inorganic contaminants from hydrochar were limited and controllable in various scenarios. Hydrochar performed more stable combustion than sludge, but its high ash contents and alkali index (0.28–0.72 kg/GJ) implied high risks of slagging and fouling. Hydrochar has a good potential for carbon sequestration due to low O/C ratios ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135398 |
| format | Article |
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•Hydrothermal temperature and time had significant effects on hydrochar composition.•Most heavy metals in hydrochar had limited leachability (<1 mg/L) at pH 2–13.•Direct combustion of hydrochar is not proper for its high risk of slagging/fouling.•Hydrochar showed improved stability and recalcitrance for carbon sequestration.•Hydrochar had great potential for P recovery and in-situ catalytic graphitization.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0959-6526</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1786</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135398</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Engineering Sciences ; Environmental concerns ; Graphitization ; Hydrochar composition ; Phosphorus recovery ; Sludge treatment ; Waste valorization</subject><ispartof>Journal of cleaner production, 2023-01, Vol.383, p.135398, Article 135398</ispartof><rights>2022 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-e794c19638fa2b0f52a090dd0621031255bea5d8b447f615bf6b4795ef1aed833</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-e794c19638fa2b0f52a090dd0621031255bea5d8b447f615bf6b4795ef1aed833</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8514-2790 ; 0000-0002-4425-9853 ; 0000-0002-1547-2567</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135398$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://imt-mines-albi.hal.science/hal-03888501$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyczko, Nathalie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nzihou, Ange</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eskicioglu, Cigdem</creatorcontrib><title>Incorporating hydrothermal liquefaction into wastewater treatment – Part II: Characterization, environmental impacts, and potential applications of hydrochar</title><title>Journal of cleaner production</title><description>Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technique for renewable biofuel (biocrude) production from municipal sludge. However, its solid byproduct, hydrochar, requires sustainable management for further resource recovery and pollution control. This study comprehensively assessed the properties, environmental influences, and possible utilizations of hydrochar generated from mixed sludge (MS). With the increase of HTL reaction temperatures (290–360 °C) and residence time (0–30 min), the dry-weight contents of ash and fuel ratio increased from 10.5% and 0.1 in MS to 48.7–68.5% and 0.4–0.7 in hydrochar, respectively. However, the dry-basis contents of volatile matter, carbon, and higher heating value sharply decreased to 18.7–35.9%, 22.9–37.3%, and 8.6–16.0 MJ/kg, respectively. The leaching risks of inorganic contaminants from hydrochar were limited and controllable in various scenarios. Hydrochar performed more stable combustion than sludge, but its high ash contents and alkali index (0.28–0.72 kg/GJ) implied high risks of slagging and fouling. Hydrochar has a good potential for carbon sequestration due to low O/C ratios (<0.2) and improved recalcitrance index (0.43–0.48). Benefiting from intrinsic metals (e.g., Ca and Fe), catalytic hydrochar graphitization was feasible at a moderate temperature (1200 °C). Although hydrochar was restricted from land application for heavy metals accumulation, it is promising for metals and nutrient recovery. It has a total phosphorus (P) of 7.2–8.5% by weight, and thus P recovery is critical and necessary for mitigating environmental challenges and global P scarcity. Overall, this study contributed to the state-of-the-art in waste-to-resource development and cleaner production.
[Display omitted]
•Hydrothermal temperature and time had significant effects on hydrochar composition.•Most heavy metals in hydrochar had limited leachability (<1 mg/L) at pH 2–13.•Direct combustion of hydrochar is not proper for its high risk of slagging/fouling.•Hydrochar showed improved stability and recalcitrance for carbon sequestration.•Hydrochar had great potential for P recovery and in-situ catalytic graphitization.</description><subject>Engineering Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental concerns</subject><subject>Graphitization</subject><subject>Hydrochar composition</subject><subject>Phosphorus recovery</subject><subject>Sludge treatment</subject><subject>Waste valorization</subject><issn>0959-6526</issn><issn>1879-1786</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkU2O1DAQhSPESDTDHAHJW6RJYydxYrNBo9b8tNQSLGbWVsUp026l7WCbHg0r7sABuBsnwSEjtqxKevW-pyq9onjL6JpR1r4_rA96xCn4dUWras1qXkvxolgx0cmSdaJ9Wayo5LJsedW-Kl7HeKCUdbRrVsWvrdM-TD5Asu4L2T8Nwac9hiOMZLRfv6EBnax3xLrkySPEhI-QMJAUENIRXSK_f_wknyEkst1-IJs9hExgsN9h5i4JupMN3s3WnGmPU17HSwJuIJNPWbVZhmkarf5LROLNcofOWW-KMwNjxIvneV483Fzfb-7K3afb7eZqV-pa0lRiJxvNZFsLA1VPDa-ASjoMtK0YrVnFeY_AB9E3TWdaxnvT9k0nORoGOIi6Pi_eLbl7GNUU7BHCk_Jg1d3VTs0arYUQnLITy16-eHXwMQY0_wBG1dyIOqjnRtTciFoaydzHhcP8yMliUFFbdBoHG1AnNXj7n4Q_vLOcig</recordid><startdate>20230110</startdate><enddate>20230110</enddate><creator>Liu, Huan</creator><creator>Lyczko, Nathalie</creator><creator>Nzihou, Ange</creator><creator>Eskicioglu, Cigdem</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>VOOES</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8514-2790</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4425-9853</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-2567</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230110</creationdate><title>Incorporating hydrothermal liquefaction into wastewater treatment – Part II: Characterization, environmental impacts, and potential applications of hydrochar</title><author>Liu, Huan ; Lyczko, Nathalie ; Nzihou, Ange ; Eskicioglu, Cigdem</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-e794c19638fa2b0f52a090dd0621031255bea5d8b447f615bf6b4795ef1aed833</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Engineering Sciences</topic><topic>Environmental concerns</topic><topic>Graphitization</topic><topic>Hydrochar composition</topic><topic>Phosphorus recovery</topic><topic>Sludge treatment</topic><topic>Waste valorization</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyczko, Nathalie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nzihou, Ange</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eskicioglu, Cigdem</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)</collection><jtitle>Journal of cleaner production</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Huan</au><au>Lyczko, Nathalie</au><au>Nzihou, Ange</au><au>Eskicioglu, Cigdem</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Incorporating hydrothermal liquefaction into wastewater treatment – Part II: Characterization, environmental impacts, and potential applications of hydrochar</atitle><jtitle>Journal of cleaner production</jtitle><date>2023-01-10</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>383</volume><spage>135398</spage><pages>135398-</pages><artnum>135398</artnum><issn>0959-6526</issn><eissn>1879-1786</eissn><abstract>Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technique for renewable biofuel (biocrude) production from municipal sludge. However, its solid byproduct, hydrochar, requires sustainable management for further resource recovery and pollution control. This study comprehensively assessed the properties, environmental influences, and possible utilizations of hydrochar generated from mixed sludge (MS). With the increase of HTL reaction temperatures (290–360 °C) and residence time (0–30 min), the dry-weight contents of ash and fuel ratio increased from 10.5% and 0.1 in MS to 48.7–68.5% and 0.4–0.7 in hydrochar, respectively. However, the dry-basis contents of volatile matter, carbon, and higher heating value sharply decreased to 18.7–35.9%, 22.9–37.3%, and 8.6–16.0 MJ/kg, respectively. The leaching risks of inorganic contaminants from hydrochar were limited and controllable in various scenarios. Hydrochar performed more stable combustion than sludge, but its high ash contents and alkali index (0.28–0.72 kg/GJ) implied high risks of slagging and fouling. Hydrochar has a good potential for carbon sequestration due to low O/C ratios (<0.2) and improved recalcitrance index (0.43–0.48). Benefiting from intrinsic metals (e.g., Ca and Fe), catalytic hydrochar graphitization was feasible at a moderate temperature (1200 °C). Although hydrochar was restricted from land application for heavy metals accumulation, it is promising for metals and nutrient recovery. It has a total phosphorus (P) of 7.2–8.5% by weight, and thus P recovery is critical and necessary for mitigating environmental challenges and global P scarcity. Overall, this study contributed to the state-of-the-art in waste-to-resource development and cleaner production.
[Display omitted]
•Hydrothermal temperature and time had significant effects on hydrochar composition.•Most heavy metals in hydrochar had limited leachability (<1 mg/L) at pH 2–13.•Direct combustion of hydrochar is not proper for its high risk of slagging/fouling.•Hydrochar showed improved stability and recalcitrance for carbon sequestration.•Hydrochar had great potential for P recovery and in-situ catalytic graphitization.</abstract><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135398</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8514-2790</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4425-9853</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-2567</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Engineering Sciences Environmental concerns Graphitization Hydrochar composition Phosphorus recovery Sludge treatment Waste valorization |
| title | Incorporating hydrothermal liquefaction into wastewater treatment – Part II: Characterization, environmental impacts, and potential applications of hydrochar |
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