Hepatocellular carcinoma

Liver cancer remains a global health challenge, with an estimated incidence of >1 million cases by 2025. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer and accounts for ~90% of cases. Infection by hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are the main risk factors for HCC de...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nature reviews. Disease primers 2021-01, Vol.7 (1), p.6, Article 6
Hauptverfasser: Llovet, Josep M., Kelley, Robin Kate, Villanueva, Augusto, Singal, Amit G., Pikarsky, Eli, Roayaie, Sasan, Lencioni, Riccardo, Koike, Kazuhiko, Zucman-Rossi, Jessica, Finn, Richard S.
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container_title Nature reviews. Disease primers
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creator Llovet, Josep M.
Kelley, Robin Kate
Villanueva, Augusto
Singal, Amit G.
Pikarsky, Eli
Roayaie, Sasan
Lencioni, Riccardo
Koike, Kazuhiko
Zucman-Rossi, Jessica
Finn, Richard S.
description Liver cancer remains a global health challenge, with an estimated incidence of >1 million cases by 2025. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer and accounts for ~90% of cases. Infection by hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are the main risk factors for HCC development, although non-alcoholic steatohepatitis associated with metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus is becoming a more frequent risk factor in the West. Moreover, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated HCC has a unique molecular pathogenesis. Approximately 25% of all HCCs present with potentially actionable mutations, which are yet to be translated into the clinical practice. Diagnosis based upon non-invasive criteria is currently challenged by the need for molecular information that requires tissue or liquid biopsies. The current major advancements have impacted the management of patients with advanced HCC. Six systemic therapies have been approved based on phase III trials (atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, cabozantinib and ramucirumab) and three additional therapies have obtained accelerated FDA approval owing to evidence of efficacy. New trials are exploring combination therapies, including checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors or anti-VEGF therapies, or even combinations of two immunotherapy regimens. The outcomes of these trials are expected to change the landscape of HCC management at all evolutionary stages. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the world. This Primer summarizes the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenetic mechanisms and diagnosis of HCC and provides an update on key advancements in the management of this disease.
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Cancer Research
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - diagnosis
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - epidemiology
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - etiology
Combined Modality Therapy
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Epidemiology
FDA approval
Hepatitis
Humans
Immunotherapy
Internal Medicine
Life Sciences
Liver cancer
Liver Neoplasms - diagnosis
Liver Neoplasms - epidemiology
Liver Neoplasms - therapy
Medical Microbiology
Medical research
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Monoclonal antibodies
Primer
Quality of Life Research
Sorafenib
Targeted cancer therapy
title Hepatocellular carcinoma
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