Cyclophosphamide immunosuppression does not permit successful myoblast allotransplantation in mouse

Cyclophosphamide immunosuppression does not permit successful myoblast allotransplantation in mouse. Myoblast transplantation is a potential treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In one clinical trial, Duchenne patients were immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide. We report here that myoblasts from transgenic mice expressing the β-galactosidase reporter gene transplanted in mdx mice failed to form new muscle fibres when cyclophosphamide (2 or 10 mg kg −1 per day) was used for immunosuppression. At the lowest dose of cyclophosphamide (2 mg kg −1 per day), some mdx recipient mice formed antibodies against donor myoblasts; however, no humoral immune reaction was observed at the highest dose (10 mg kg −1 per day). The failure of transplantation under cyclophosphamide treatment was attributed to the low immunosuppressive activity at a low dose and to the toxic action at a high dose of this drug. These results could explain the lack of success of myoblast transplantation in a previous clinical trial.