A star in a 15.2-year orbit around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way
Many galaxies are thought to have supermassive black holes at their centres 1 —more than a million times the mass of the Sun. Measurements of stellar velocities 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 and the discovery of variable X-ray emission 8 have provided strong evidence in favour of such a black hole at the ce...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature (London) 2002-10, Vol.419 (6908), p.694-696 |
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| creator | Schödel, R. Ott, T. Genzel, R. Hofmann, R. Lehnert, M. Eckart, A. Mouawad, N. Alexander, T. Reid, M. J. Lenzen, R. Hartung, M. Lacombe, F. Rouan, D. Gendron, E. Rousset, G. Lagrange, A.-M. Brandner, W. Ageorges, N. Lidman, C. Moorwood, A. F. M. Spyromilio, J. Hubin, N. Menten, K. M. |
| description | Many galaxies are thought to have supermassive black holes at their centres
1
—more than a million times the mass of the Sun. Measurements of stellar velocities
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
and the discovery of variable X-ray emission
8
have provided strong evidence in favour of such a black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, but have hitherto been unable to rule out conclusively the presence of alternative concentrations of mass. Here we report ten years of high-resolution astrometric imaging that allows us to trace two-thirds of the orbit of the star currently closest to the compact radio source (and massive black-hole candidate) Sagittarius A*. The observations, which include both pericentre and apocentre passages, show that the star is on a bound, highly elliptical keplerian orbit around Sgr A*, with an orbital period of 15.2 years and a pericentre distance of only 17 light hours. The orbit with the best fit to the observations requires a central point mass of (3.7 ± 1.5) × 10
6
solar masses (
M
⊙
). The data no longer allow for a central mass composed of a dense cluster of dark stellar objects or a ball of massive, degenerate fermions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/nature01121 |
| format | Article |
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1
—more than a million times the mass of the Sun. Measurements of stellar velocities
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
and the discovery of variable X-ray emission
8
have provided strong evidence in favour of such a black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, but have hitherto been unable to rule out conclusively the presence of alternative concentrations of mass. Here we report ten years of high-resolution astrometric imaging that allows us to trace two-thirds of the orbit of the star currently closest to the compact radio source (and massive black-hole candidate) Sagittarius A*. The observations, which include both pericentre and apocentre passages, show that the star is on a bound, highly elliptical keplerian orbit around Sgr A*, with an orbital period of 15.2 years and a pericentre distance of only 17 light hours. The orbit with the best fit to the observations requires a central point mass of (3.7 ± 1.5) × 10
6
solar masses (
M
⊙
). The data no longer allow for a central mass composed of a dense cluster of dark stellar objects or a ball of massive, degenerate fermions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-0836</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4687</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/nature01121</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12384690</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NATUAS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>Astronomy ; Astrophysics ; Black holes ; Characteristics and properties of the milky way ; Earth, ocean, space ; Emissions ; Exact sciences and technology ; Galactic center, bar, circumnuclear matter, and bulge (including black hole and distance measurements) ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; letter ; Milky Way ; multidisciplinary ; Physics ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Space exploration ; Stars ; Stars & galaxies ; Stellar systems. Galactic and extragalactic objects and systems. The universe</subject><ispartof>Nature (London), 2002-10, Vol.419 (6908), p.694-696</ispartof><rights>Macmillan Magazines Ltd. 2002</rights><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2002 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Macmillan Journals Ltd. Oct 17, 2002</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c712t-6551f7e396347c128c827e5e854c54f6b8afbb36f3b4942979d9a0ce17df96c03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c712t-6551f7e396347c128c827e5e854c54f6b8afbb36f3b4942979d9a0ce17df96c03</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6049-3132</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/nature01121$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/nature01121$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14189901$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12384690$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-03801137$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schödel, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ott, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Genzel, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hofmann, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lehnert, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eckart, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mouawad, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alexander, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reid, M. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lenzen, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hartung, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lacombe, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rouan, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gendron, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rousset, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lagrange, A.-M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brandner, W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ageorges, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lidman, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moorwood, A. F. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spyromilio, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hubin, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Menten, K. M.</creatorcontrib><title>A star in a 15.2-year orbit around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way</title><title>Nature (London)</title><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><description>Many galaxies are thought to have supermassive black holes at their centres
1
—more than a million times the mass of the Sun. Measurements of stellar velocities
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
and the discovery of variable X-ray emission
8
have provided strong evidence in favour of such a black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, but have hitherto been unable to rule out conclusively the presence of alternative concentrations of mass. Here we report ten years of high-resolution astrometric imaging that allows us to trace two-thirds of the orbit of the star currently closest to the compact radio source (and massive black-hole candidate) Sagittarius A*. The observations, which include both pericentre and apocentre passages, show that the star is on a bound, highly elliptical keplerian orbit around Sgr A*, with an orbital period of 15.2 years and a pericentre distance of only 17 light hours. The orbit with the best fit to the observations requires a central point mass of (3.7 ± 1.5) × 10
6
solar masses (
M
⊙
). The data no longer allow for a central mass composed of a dense cluster of dark stellar objects or a ball of massive, degenerate fermions.</description><subject>Astronomy</subject><subject>Astrophysics</subject><subject>Black holes</subject><subject>Characteristics and properties of the milky way</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Galactic center, bar, circumnuclear matter, and bulge (including black hole and distance measurements)</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>letter</subject><subject>Milky Way</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Space exploration</subject><subject>Stars</subject><subject>Stars & galaxies</subject><subject>Stellar systems. Galactic and extragalactic objects and systems. 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J. ; Lenzen, R. ; Hartung, M. ; Lacombe, F. ; Rouan, D. ; Gendron, E. ; Rousset, G. ; Lagrange, A.-M. ; Brandner, W. ; Ageorges, N. ; Lidman, C. ; Moorwood, A. F. M. ; Spyromilio, J. ; Hubin, N. ; Menten, K. 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J.</au><au>Lenzen, R.</au><au>Hartung, M.</au><au>Lacombe, F.</au><au>Rouan, D.</au><au>Gendron, E.</au><au>Rousset, G.</au><au>Lagrange, A.-M.</au><au>Brandner, W.</au><au>Ageorges, N.</au><au>Lidman, C.</au><au>Moorwood, A. F. M.</au><au>Spyromilio, J.</au><au>Hubin, N.</au><au>Menten, K. M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A star in a 15.2-year orbit around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way</atitle><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle><stitle>Nature</stitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><date>2002-10-17</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>419</volume><issue>6908</issue><spage>694</spage><epage>696</epage><pages>694-696</pages><issn>0028-0836</issn><eissn>1476-4687</eissn><coden>NATUAS</coden><abstract>Many galaxies are thought to have supermassive black holes at their centres
1
—more than a million times the mass of the Sun. Measurements of stellar velocities
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
and the discovery of variable X-ray emission
8
have provided strong evidence in favour of such a black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, but have hitherto been unable to rule out conclusively the presence of alternative concentrations of mass. Here we report ten years of high-resolution astrometric imaging that allows us to trace two-thirds of the orbit of the star currently closest to the compact radio source (and massive black-hole candidate) Sagittarius A*. The observations, which include both pericentre and apocentre passages, show that the star is on a bound, highly elliptical keplerian orbit around Sgr A*, with an orbital period of 15.2 years and a pericentre distance of only 17 light hours. The orbit with the best fit to the observations requires a central point mass of (3.7 ± 1.5) × 10
6
solar masses (
M
⊙
). The data no longer allow for a central mass composed of a dense cluster of dark stellar objects or a ball of massive, degenerate fermions.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>12384690</pmid><doi>10.1038/nature01121</doi><tpages>3</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6049-3132</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0028-0836 |
| ispartof | Nature (London), 2002-10, Vol.419 (6908), p.694-696 |
| issn | 0028-0836 1476-4687 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_03801137v1 |
| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals; Nature Journals Online |
| subjects | Astronomy Astrophysics Black holes Characteristics and properties of the milky way Earth, ocean, space Emissions Exact sciences and technology Galactic center, bar, circumnuclear matter, and bulge (including black hole and distance measurements) Humanities and Social Sciences letter Milky Way multidisciplinary Physics Science Science (multidisciplinary) Space exploration Stars Stars & galaxies Stellar systems. Galactic and extragalactic objects and systems. The universe |
| title | A star in a 15.2-year orbit around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-15T10%3A59%3A17IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_hal_p&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20star%20in%20a%2015.2-year%20orbit%20around%20the%20supermassive%20black%20hole%20at%20the%20centre%20of%20the%20Milky%20Way&rft.jtitle=Nature%20(London)&rft.au=Sch%C3%B6del,%20R.&rft.date=2002-10-17&rft.volume=419&rft.issue=6908&rft.spage=694&rft.epage=696&rft.pages=694-696&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.eissn=1476-4687&rft.coden=NATUAS&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/nature01121&rft_dat=%3Cgale_hal_p%3EA187551349%3C/gale_hal_p%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=204491300&rft_id=info:pmid/12384690&rft_galeid=A187551349&rfr_iscdi=true |