Sediment Balance Estimation of the ‘Cuvette Centrale’ of the Congo River Basin Using the SWAT Hydrological Model
In this study, the SWAT hydrological model was used to estimate the sediment yields in the principal drainage basins of the Congo River Basin. The model was run for the 2000–2012 period and calibrated using measured values obtained at the basins principal gauging station that controls 98% of the bas...
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description | In this study, the SWAT hydrological model was used to estimate the sediment yields in the principal drainage basins of the Congo River Basin. The model was run for the 2000–2012 period and calibrated using measured values obtained at the basins principal gauging station that controls 98% of the basin area. Sediment yield rates of 4.01, 5.91, 7.88 and 8.68 t km−2 yr−1 were estimated for the areas upstream of the Ubangi at Bangui, Sangha at Ouesso, Lualaba at Kisangani, and Kasai at Kuto-Moke, respectively—the first three of which supply the Cuvette Centrale. The loads contributed into the Cuvette Centrale by eight tributaries were estimated to be worth 0.04, 0.07, 0.09, 0.18, 0.94, 1.50, 1.60, and 26.98 × 106 t yr−1 from the Likouala Mossaka at Makoua, Likouala aux Herbes at Botouali, Kouyou at Linnegue, Alima at Tchikapika, Sangha at Ouesso, Ubangi at Mongoumba, Ruki at Bokuma and Congo at Mbandaka, respectively. The upper Congo supplies up to 85% of the fluxes in the Cuvette Centrale, with the Ubangi and the Ruki contributing approximately 5% each. The Cuvette Centrale acts like a big sink trapping up to 23 megatons of sediment produced upstream (75%) annually. |
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The model was run for the 2000–2012 period and calibrated using measured values obtained at the basins principal gauging station that controls 98% of the basin area. Sediment yield rates of 4.01, 5.91, 7.88 and 8.68 t km−2 yr−1 were estimated for the areas upstream of the Ubangi at Bangui, Sangha at Ouesso, Lualaba at Kisangani, and Kasai at Kuto-Moke, respectively—the first three of which supply the Cuvette Centrale. The loads contributed into the Cuvette Centrale by eight tributaries were estimated to be worth 0.04, 0.07, 0.09, 0.18, 0.94, 1.50, 1.60, and 26.98 × 106 t yr−1 from the Likouala Mossaka at Makoua, Likouala aux Herbes at Botouali, Kouyou at Linnegue, Alima at Tchikapika, Sangha at Ouesso, Ubangi at Mongoumba, Ruki at Bokuma and Congo at Mbandaka, respectively. The upper Congo supplies up to 85% of the fluxes in the Cuvette Centrale, with the Ubangi and the Ruki contributing approximately 5% each. The Cuvette Centrale acts like a big sink trapping up to 23 megatons of sediment produced upstream (75%) annually.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/w13101388</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Basins ; Biodiversity ; Discharge measurement ; Ecosystems ; Environmental Sciences ; Fluxes ; Gaging stations ; Geospatial data ; Hydrologic models ; Hydrology ; Peatlands ; Precipitation ; River basins ; Rivers ; Sediment transport ; Sediment yield ; Sediment, Suspended ; Sediments ; Stream discharge ; Tributaries ; Upstream ; Water shortages ; Wetlands</subject><ispartof>Water (Basel), 2021-05, Vol.13 (10), p.1388</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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The model was run for the 2000–2012 period and calibrated using measured values obtained at the basins principal gauging station that controls 98% of the basin area. Sediment yield rates of 4.01, 5.91, 7.88 and 8.68 t km−2 yr−1 were estimated for the areas upstream of the Ubangi at Bangui, Sangha at Ouesso, Lualaba at Kisangani, and Kasai at Kuto-Moke, respectively—the first three of which supply the Cuvette Centrale. The loads contributed into the Cuvette Centrale by eight tributaries were estimated to be worth 0.04, 0.07, 0.09, 0.18, 0.94, 1.50, 1.60, and 26.98 × 106 t yr−1 from the Likouala Mossaka at Makoua, Likouala aux Herbes at Botouali, Kouyou at Linnegue, Alima at Tchikapika, Sangha at Ouesso, Ubangi at Mongoumba, Ruki at Bokuma and Congo at Mbandaka, respectively. The upper Congo supplies up to 85% of the fluxes in the Cuvette Centrale, with the Ubangi and the Ruki contributing approximately 5% each. The Cuvette Centrale acts like a big sink trapping up to 23 megatons of sediment produced upstream (75%) annually.</description><subject>Basins</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Discharge measurement</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Fluxes</subject><subject>Gaging stations</subject><subject>Geospatial data</subject><subject>Hydrologic models</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Peatlands</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>River basins</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Sediment transport</subject><subject>Sediment yield</subject><subject>Sediment, Suspended</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Stream discharge</subject><subject>Tributaries</subject><subject>Upstream</subject><subject>Water shortages</subject><subject>Wetlands</subject><issn>2073-4441</issn><issn>2073-4441</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkUtOwzAQhiMEEqh0wQ0ssWLRYmcSO1mWqFCkIiQeYmm5ybg1SuPiuEXd9RhwvZ4EQ3nZksea-TT-_U8UnTDaB8jp-SsDRhlk2V50FFMBvSRJ2P6_-2HUbdtnGlaSZ1lKjyJ_j5WZY-PJhapVUyIZtt7MlTe2IVYTP0Oy3bwVyxV6j6QIpFM1bjfvP9XCNlNL7swKXejRmoY8hmP6Vbt_GjyQ0bpytrZTU6qa3NgK6-PoQKu6xe537ESPl8OHYtQb315dF4NxrwSe-p6uclHmkMRlmqhMTBB4xivMQcXpRPN8knKeCmRKIVIdJ0IwRBC0ilMtmMigE53t-s5ULRcufMutpVVGjgZj-ZmjIDjlPFmxwJ7u2IWzL0tsvXy2S9cEeTJOAYJh4YFA9XfUNJggTaNtsKMMu8K5KW2D2oT8QOQM4hwy8SehdLZtHepfHYzKz6HJ36HBB1c3iJE</recordid><startdate>20210501</startdate><enddate>20210501</enddate><creator>Datok, Pankyes</creator><creator>Sauvage, Sabine</creator><creator>Fabre, Clément</creator><creator>Laraque, Alain</creator><creator>Ouillon, Sylvain</creator><creator>Moukandi N’kaya, Guy</creator><creator>Sanchez-Perez, José-Miguel</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>VOOES</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-7787</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5650-4879</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-4645</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-1896</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6360-1036</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210501</creationdate><title>Sediment Balance Estimation of the ‘Cuvette Centrale’ of the Congo River Basin Using the SWAT Hydrological Model</title><author>Datok, Pankyes ; Sauvage, Sabine ; Fabre, Clément ; Laraque, Alain ; Ouillon, Sylvain ; Moukandi N’kaya, Guy ; Sanchez-Perez, José-Miguel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-fd97c9342c54a87be3686de93a25bf69b56657e1aaee0f24771ee370d25f71783</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Basins</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Discharge measurement</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Fluxes</topic><topic>Gaging stations</topic><topic>Geospatial data</topic><topic>Hydrologic models</topic><topic>Hydrology</topic><topic>Peatlands</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>River basins</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Sediment transport</topic><topic>Sediment yield</topic><topic>Sediment, Suspended</topic><topic>Sediments</topic><topic>Stream discharge</topic><topic>Tributaries</topic><topic>Upstream</topic><topic>Water shortages</topic><topic>Wetlands</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Datok, Pankyes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sauvage, Sabine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fabre, Clément</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laraque, Alain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ouillon, Sylvain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moukandi N’kaya, Guy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanchez-Perez, José-Miguel</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)</collection><jtitle>Water (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Datok, Pankyes</au><au>Sauvage, Sabine</au><au>Fabre, Clément</au><au>Laraque, Alain</au><au>Ouillon, Sylvain</au><au>Moukandi N’kaya, Guy</au><au>Sanchez-Perez, José-Miguel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sediment Balance Estimation of the ‘Cuvette Centrale’ of the Congo River Basin Using the SWAT Hydrological Model</atitle><jtitle>Water (Basel)</jtitle><date>2021-05-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1388</spage><pages>1388-</pages><issn>2073-4441</issn><eissn>2073-4441</eissn><abstract>In this study, the SWAT hydrological model was used to estimate the sediment yields in the principal drainage basins of the Congo River Basin. 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subjects | Basins Biodiversity Discharge measurement Ecosystems Environmental Sciences Fluxes Gaging stations Geospatial data Hydrologic models Hydrology Peatlands Precipitation River basins Rivers Sediment transport Sediment yield Sediment, Suspended Sediments Stream discharge Tributaries Upstream Water shortages Wetlands |
title | Sediment Balance Estimation of the ‘Cuvette Centrale’ of the Congo River Basin Using the SWAT Hydrological Model |
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