The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): Catalog of galaxy clusters and groups

Aims. The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey has been carried out during the performance verification phase of the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma/eROSITA telescope and was completed in November 2019. This survey is designed to provide the first eROSITA-selected sample of clusters and groups and to test the predictions for the all-sky survey in the context of cosmological studies with clusters of galaxies. Methods. In the area of ~140 square degrees covered by eFEDS, 542 candidate clusters and groups of galaxies were detected as extended X-ray sources with the eSASS source detection algorithm. We performed imaging and spectral analysis of the 542 cluster candidates with eROSITA X-ray data and studied the properties of the sample. Results. We provide the catalog of candidate galaxy clusters and groups detected by eROSITA in the eFEDS field down to a flux of ~10 –14 erg s –1 cm –2 in the soft band (0.5 – 2 keV) within 1’. The clusters are distributed in the redshift range ɀ = [0.01, 1.3] with a median redshift ɀ median = 0.35. With eROSITA X-ray data, we measured the temperature of the intracluster medium within two radii, 300 kpc and 500 kpc, and constrained the temperature with >2 σ confidence level for ~1/5 (102 out of 542) of the sample. The average temperature of these clusters is ~2 keV. Radial profiles of flux, luminosity, electron density, and gas mass were measured from the precise modeling of the imaging data. The selection function, the purity, and the completeness of the catalog are examined and discussed in detail. The contamination fraction is ~1/5 in this sample and is dominated by misidentified point sources. The X-ray luminosity function of the clusters agrees well with the results obtained from other recent X-ray surveys. We also find 19 supercluster candidates in this field, most of which are located at redshifts between 0.1 and 0.5, including one cluster at ɀ ~ 0.36 that was presented previously. Conclusions. The eFEDS cluster and group catalog at the final eRASS equatorial depth provides a benchmark proof of concept for the eROSITA All-Sky Survey extended source detection and characterization. We confirm the excellent performance of eROSITA for cluster science and expect no significant deviations from our pre-launch expectations for the final all-sky survey.