Short-term experiments in using digestate products as substitutes for mineral (N) fertilizer: Agronomic performance, odours, and ammonia emission impacts
Anaerobic digestion produces a biologically stable and high-value fertilizer product, the digestate, which can be used as an alternative to mineral fertilizers on crops. However, misuse of digestate can lead to annoyance for the public (odours) and to environmental problems such as nitrate leaching...
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Veröffentlicht in: | The Science of the total environment 2016-03, Vol.547, p.206-214 |
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description | Anaerobic digestion produces a biologically stable and high-value fertilizer product, the digestate, which can be used as an alternative to mineral fertilizers on crops. However, misuse of digestate can lead to annoyance for the public (odours) and to environmental problems such as nitrate leaching and ammonia emissions into the air. Full field experimental data are needed to support the use of digestate in agriculture, promoting its correct management. In this work, short-term experiments were performed to substitute mineral N fertilizers (urea) with digestate and products derived from it to the crop silage maize. Digestate and the liquid fraction of digestate were applied to soil at pre-sowing and as topdressing fertilizers in comparison with urea, both by surface application and subsurface injection during the cropping seasons 2012 and 2013. After each fertilizer application, both odours and ammonia emissions were measured, giving data about digestate and derived products' impacts.
The AD products could substitute for urea without reducing crop yields, apart from the surface application of AD-derived fertilizers. Digestate and derived products, because of high biological stability acquired during the AD, had greatly reduced olfactometry impact, above all when they were injected into soils (82–88% less odours than the untreated biomass, i.e. cattle slurry). Ammonia emission data indicated, as expected, that the correct use of digestate and derived products required their injection into the soil avoiding, ammonia volatilization into the air and preserving fertilizer value. Sub-surface injection allowed ammonia emissions to be reduced by 69% and 77% compared with surface application during the 2012 and 2013 campaigns.
[Display omitted]
•Anaerobic digestion produced useful fertilizers, i.e. the digestate.•Digestate misuses led to odours and ammonia impacts.•Pre-sowing and topdressing use of digestate substituted completely N-fertilizers.•Subsurface injection of digestate reduced greatly odour and NH3 emissions.•Digestate use allowed producing maize silage as well as using urea. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.156 |
format | Article |
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The AD products could substitute for urea without reducing crop yields, apart from the surface application of AD-derived fertilizers. Digestate and derived products, because of high biological stability acquired during the AD, had greatly reduced olfactometry impact, above all when they were injected into soils (82–88% less odours than the untreated biomass, i.e. cattle slurry). Ammonia emission data indicated, as expected, that the correct use of digestate and derived products required their injection into the soil avoiding, ammonia volatilization into the air and preserving fertilizer value. Sub-surface injection allowed ammonia emissions to be reduced by 69% and 77% compared with surface application during the 2012 and 2013 campaigns.
[Display omitted]
•Anaerobic digestion produced useful fertilizers, i.e. the digestate.•Digestate misuses led to odours and ammonia impacts.•Pre-sowing and topdressing use of digestate substituted completely N-fertilizers.•Subsurface injection of digestate reduced greatly odour and NH3 emissions.•Digestate use allowed producing maize silage as well as using urea.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0048-9697</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1026</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.156</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26780147</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Agricultural sciences ; Agriculture - methods ; Air Pollutants - analysis ; Ammonia - analysis ; Ammonia volatilization ; Crops, Agricultural ; Digestate ; Fertilizers ; Life Sciences ; Liquid fraction of digestate ; Nitrogen - analysis ; Nitrogen fertilizers ; Odorants - analysis ; Odour impacts ; Zea mays</subject><ispartof>The Science of the total environment, 2016-03, Vol.547, p.206-214</ispartof><rights>2015 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-8c10e6746fcde6ac1f8aec8878e59d54f4d1b100afcf3db86d2e597f2927fd253</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-8c10e6746fcde6ac1f8aec8878e59d54f4d1b100afcf3db86d2e597f2927fd253</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6125-5483</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.156$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26780147$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-03375627$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Riva, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orzi, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carozzi, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Acutis, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boccasile, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lonati, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tambone, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>D'Imporzano, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adani, F.</creatorcontrib><title>Short-term experiments in using digestate products as substitutes for mineral (N) fertilizer: Agronomic performance, odours, and ammonia emission impacts</title><title>The Science of the total environment</title><addtitle>Sci Total Environ</addtitle><description>Anaerobic digestion produces a biologically stable and high-value fertilizer product, the digestate, which can be used as an alternative to mineral fertilizers on crops. However, misuse of digestate can lead to annoyance for the public (odours) and to environmental problems such as nitrate leaching and ammonia emissions into the air. Full field experimental data are needed to support the use of digestate in agriculture, promoting its correct management. In this work, short-term experiments were performed to substitute mineral N fertilizers (urea) with digestate and products derived from it to the crop silage maize. Digestate and the liquid fraction of digestate were applied to soil at pre-sowing and as topdressing fertilizers in comparison with urea, both by surface application and subsurface injection during the cropping seasons 2012 and 2013. After each fertilizer application, both odours and ammonia emissions were measured, giving data about digestate and derived products' impacts.
The AD products could substitute for urea without reducing crop yields, apart from the surface application of AD-derived fertilizers. Digestate and derived products, because of high biological stability acquired during the AD, had greatly reduced olfactometry impact, above all when they were injected into soils (82–88% less odours than the untreated biomass, i.e. cattle slurry). Ammonia emission data indicated, as expected, that the correct use of digestate and derived products required their injection into the soil avoiding, ammonia volatilization into the air and preserving fertilizer value. Sub-surface injection allowed ammonia emissions to be reduced by 69% and 77% compared with surface application during the 2012 and 2013 campaigns.
[Display omitted]
•Anaerobic digestion produced useful fertilizers, i.e. the digestate.•Digestate misuses led to odours and ammonia impacts.•Pre-sowing and topdressing use of digestate substituted completely N-fertilizers.•Subsurface injection of digestate reduced greatly odour and NH3 emissions.•Digestate use allowed producing maize silage as well as using urea.</description><subject>Agricultural sciences</subject><subject>Agriculture - methods</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Ammonia - analysis</subject><subject>Ammonia volatilization</subject><subject>Crops, Agricultural</subject><subject>Digestate</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Liquid fraction of digestate</subject><subject>Nitrogen - analysis</subject><subject>Nitrogen fertilizers</subject><subject>Odorants - analysis</subject><subject>Odour impacts</subject><subject>Zea mays</subject><issn>0048-9697</issn><issn>1879-1026</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkcGOFCEQhjtG446rr6Acd5PtFuhuoL1NNuqaTPSgngkDxSyTbhiBnqy-iW8rnVnnqlxIqK_-v6i_qt4Q3BBM2Nt9k7TLIYM_NhSTviG0IT17Uq2I4ENNMGVPqxXGnagHNvCL6kVKe1wOF-R5dUEZF5h0fFX9_nofYq4zxAnBwwGim8DnhJxHc3J-h4zbQcoqAzrEYGZdaiqhNG9TdnnOkJANEU3OQ1Qjuvp8jSzE7Eb3C-I7tN7F4MPkNCrSBZyU13CDgglzTDdIeYPUNAXvFILJpeSCR246qGLzsnpm1Zjg1eN9WX3_8P7b7V29-fLx0-16U-uuFbkWmmBgvGNWG2BKEysUaCG4gH4wfWc7Q7YEY2W1bc1WMENLgVs6UG4N7dvL6vqke69GeSj_V_GnDMrJu_VGLm-4bXnPKD-Swl6d2LKLH3PZiyxDaxhH5SHMSRLORM8EFu3_oH3PRSeWCfgJ1TGkFMGexyBYLnHLvTzHLZe4JaGyxF06Xz-azNsJzLnvb74FWJ8AKBs8OoiLEJQMjIugszTB_dPkD5dnw6E</recordid><startdate>20160315</startdate><enddate>20160315</enddate><creator>Riva, C.</creator><creator>Orzi, V.</creator><creator>Carozzi, M.</creator><creator>Acutis, M.</creator><creator>Boccasile, G.</creator><creator>Lonati, S.</creator><creator>Tambone, F.</creator><creator>D'Imporzano, G.</creator><creator>Adani, F.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>1XC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6125-5483</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20160315</creationdate><title>Short-term experiments in using digestate products as substitutes for mineral (N) fertilizer: Agronomic performance, odours, and ammonia emission impacts</title><author>Riva, C. ; Orzi, V. ; Carozzi, M. ; Acutis, M. ; Boccasile, G. ; Lonati, S. ; Tambone, F. ; D'Imporzano, G. ; Adani, F.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-8c10e6746fcde6ac1f8aec8878e59d54f4d1b100afcf3db86d2e597f2927fd253</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Agricultural sciences</topic><topic>Agriculture - methods</topic><topic>Air Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Ammonia - analysis</topic><topic>Ammonia volatilization</topic><topic>Crops, Agricultural</topic><topic>Digestate</topic><topic>Fertilizers</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Liquid fraction of digestate</topic><topic>Nitrogen - analysis</topic><topic>Nitrogen fertilizers</topic><topic>Odorants - analysis</topic><topic>Odour impacts</topic><topic>Zea mays</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Riva, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orzi, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carozzi, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Acutis, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boccasile, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lonati, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tambone, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>D'Imporzano, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adani, F.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Riva, C.</au><au>Orzi, V.</au><au>Carozzi, M.</au><au>Acutis, M.</au><au>Boccasile, G.</au><au>Lonati, S.</au><au>Tambone, F.</au><au>D'Imporzano, G.</au><au>Adani, F.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Short-term experiments in using digestate products as substitutes for mineral (N) fertilizer: Agronomic performance, odours, and ammonia emission impacts</atitle><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle><addtitle>Sci Total Environ</addtitle><date>2016-03-15</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>547</volume><spage>206</spage><epage>214</epage><pages>206-214</pages><issn>0048-9697</issn><eissn>1879-1026</eissn><abstract>Anaerobic digestion produces a biologically stable and high-value fertilizer product, the digestate, which can be used as an alternative to mineral fertilizers on crops. However, misuse of digestate can lead to annoyance for the public (odours) and to environmental problems such as nitrate leaching and ammonia emissions into the air. Full field experimental data are needed to support the use of digestate in agriculture, promoting its correct management. In this work, short-term experiments were performed to substitute mineral N fertilizers (urea) with digestate and products derived from it to the crop silage maize. Digestate and the liquid fraction of digestate were applied to soil at pre-sowing and as topdressing fertilizers in comparison with urea, both by surface application and subsurface injection during the cropping seasons 2012 and 2013. After each fertilizer application, both odours and ammonia emissions were measured, giving data about digestate and derived products' impacts.
The AD products could substitute for urea without reducing crop yields, apart from the surface application of AD-derived fertilizers. Digestate and derived products, because of high biological stability acquired during the AD, had greatly reduced olfactometry impact, above all when they were injected into soils (82–88% less odours than the untreated biomass, i.e. cattle slurry). Ammonia emission data indicated, as expected, that the correct use of digestate and derived products required their injection into the soil avoiding, ammonia volatilization into the air and preserving fertilizer value. Sub-surface injection allowed ammonia emissions to be reduced by 69% and 77% compared with surface application during the 2012 and 2013 campaigns.
[Display omitted]
•Anaerobic digestion produced useful fertilizers, i.e. the digestate.•Digestate misuses led to odours and ammonia impacts.•Pre-sowing and topdressing use of digestate substituted completely N-fertilizers.•Subsurface injection of digestate reduced greatly odour and NH3 emissions.•Digestate use allowed producing maize silage as well as using urea.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>26780147</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.156</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6125-5483</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Agricultural sciences Agriculture - methods Air Pollutants - analysis Ammonia - analysis Ammonia volatilization Crops, Agricultural Digestate Fertilizers Life Sciences Liquid fraction of digestate Nitrogen - analysis Nitrogen fertilizers Odorants - analysis Odour impacts Zea mays |
title | Short-term experiments in using digestate products as substitutes for mineral (N) fertilizer: Agronomic performance, odours, and ammonia emission impacts |
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