From Diagnosis to Prognosis: Revisiting the Meaning of Muscle ISG15 Overexpression in Juvenile Inflammatory Myopathies

Objective Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory/immune myopathies (IIMs) constitute a highly heterogeneous group of disorders with diagnostic difficulties and prognostic uncertainties. Circulating myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSAs) have been recognized as reliable tools for patient substratification...

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Veröffentlicht in:Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) N.J.), 2021-06, Vol.73 (6), p.1044-1052
Hauptverfasser: Hou, Cyrielle, Durrleman, Chloé, Periou, Baptiste, Barnerias, Christine, Bodemer, Christine, Desguerre, Isabelle, Quartier, Pierre, Melki, Isabelle, Rice, Gillian I., Rodero, Mathieu P., Charuel, Jean‐Luc, Relaix, Fréderic, Bader‐Meunier, Brigitte, Authier, FrançoisJérôme, Gitiaux, Cyril
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container_end_page 1052
container_issue 6
container_start_page 1044
container_title Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)
container_volume 73
creator Hou, Cyrielle
Durrleman, Chloé
Periou, Baptiste
Barnerias, Christine
Bodemer, Christine
Desguerre, Isabelle
Quartier, Pierre
Melki, Isabelle
Rice, Gillian I.
Rodero, Mathieu P.
Charuel, Jean‐Luc
Relaix, Fréderic
Bader‐Meunier, Brigitte
Authier, FrançoisJérôme
Gitiaux, Cyril
description Objective Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory/immune myopathies (IIMs) constitute a highly heterogeneous group of disorders with diagnostic difficulties and prognostic uncertainties. Circulating myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSAs) have been recognized as reliable tools for patient substratification. Considering the key role of type I interferon (IFN) up‐regulation in juvenile IIM, we undertook the present study to investigate whether IFN‐induced 15‐kd protein (ISG‐15) could be a reliable biomarker for stratification and diagnosis and to better elucidate its role in juvenile IIM pathophysiology. Methods The study included 56 patients: 24 with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), 12 with juvenile overlap myositis (OM), 10 with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and 10 with congenital myopathies. Muscle biopsy samples were assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Negative regulators of type I IFN (ISG15 and USP18) and positive regulators of type I IFN (DDX58 and IFIH1) were analyzed. Results ISG15 expression discriminated patients with juvenile IIM from those with nonimmune myopathies and, among patients with juvenile IIM, discriminated those with DM from those with OM. Among patients with juvenile DM, up‐regulation of the type I IFN positive regulators DDX58 and IFIH1 was similar regardless of MSA status. In contrast, the highest levels of the type I IFN negative regulator ISG15 were observed in patients who were positive for melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA‐5). Finally, ISG15 levels were inversely correlated with the severity of muscle histologic abnormalities and positively correlated with motor performance as evaluated by the Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale and by manual muscle strength testing. Conclusion Muscle ISG15 expression is strongly associated with juvenile DM, with patients exhibiting a different ISG‐15 muscle signature according to their MSA class. Patients with juvenile DM who are positive for MDA‐5 have higher expression of ISG15 in both gene form and protein form compared to the other subgroups. Moreover, our data show that negative regulation of type I IFN correlates with milder muscle involvement.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/art.41625
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Circulating myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSAs) have been recognized as reliable tools for patient substratification. Considering the key role of type I interferon (IFN) up‐regulation in juvenile IIM, we undertook the present study to investigate whether IFN‐induced 15‐kd protein (ISG‐15) could be a reliable biomarker for stratification and diagnosis and to better elucidate its role in juvenile IIM pathophysiology. Methods The study included 56 patients: 24 with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), 12 with juvenile overlap myositis (OM), 10 with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and 10 with congenital myopathies. Muscle biopsy samples were assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Negative regulators of type I IFN (ISG15 and USP18) and positive regulators of type I IFN (DDX58 and IFIH1) were analyzed. Results ISG15 expression discriminated patients with juvenile IIM from those with nonimmune myopathies and, among patients with juvenile IIM, discriminated those with DM from those with OM. Among patients with juvenile DM, up‐regulation of the type I IFN positive regulators DDX58 and IFIH1 was similar regardless of MSA status. In contrast, the highest levels of the type I IFN negative regulator ISG15 were observed in patients who were positive for melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA‐5). Finally, ISG15 levels were inversely correlated with the severity of muscle histologic abnormalities and positively correlated with motor performance as evaluated by the Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale and by manual muscle strength testing. Conclusion Muscle ISG15 expression is strongly associated with juvenile DM, with patients exhibiting a different ISG‐15 muscle signature according to their MSA class. Patients with juvenile DM who are positive for MDA‐5 have higher expression of ISG15 in both gene form and protein form compared to the other subgroups. Moreover, our data show that negative regulation of type I IFN correlates with milder muscle involvement.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2326-5191</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2326-5205</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2326-5205</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2326-5191</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/art.41625</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33314705</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Abnormalities ; Adolescent ; Autoantibodies ; Autoantibodies - immunology ; Biomarkers ; Biopsy ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Correlation ; Cytokines - metabolism ; DEAD Box Protein 58 - metabolism ; Dermatomyositis ; Dermatomyositis - diagnosis ; Dermatomyositis - metabolism ; Dermatomyositis - physiopathology ; Diagnosis ; Duchenne's muscular dystrophy ; Dystrophy ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation ; Interferon ; Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1 - metabolism ; Life Sciences ; Male ; Melanoma ; Motor task performance ; Muscle strength ; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism ; Muscular dystrophy ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne - metabolism ; Myopathies, Structural, Congenital - metabolism ; Myositis ; Myositis - diagnosis ; Myositis - metabolism ; Myositis - physiopathology ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Prognosis ; Proteins ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Immunologic - metabolism ; Regulation ; Strength testing ; Subgroups ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase - metabolism ; Ubiquitins - metabolism ; USP18 protein</subject><ispartof>Arthritis &amp; rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2021-06, Vol.73 (6), p.1044-1052</ispartof><rights>2020, American College of Rheumatology</rights><rights>2020, American College of Rheumatology.</rights><rights>2021 American College of Rheumatology</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4225-ebb5679077767950ceb0b95172b4f8e8b7a9fa8cfb1ed4c58a8e0814d2f6278d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4225-ebb5679077767950ceb0b95172b4f8e8b7a9fa8cfb1ed4c58a8e0814d2f6278d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2190-6843 ; 0000-0002-8057-333X ; 0000-0002-0258-4738 ; 0000-0002-1300-0187 ; 0000-0002-4223-0571 ; 0000-0002-1769-549X ; 0000-0001-8772-0905</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fart.41625$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fart.41625$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33314705$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-03367619$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hou, Cyrielle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Durrleman, Chloé</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Periou, Baptiste</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barnerias, Christine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bodemer, Christine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desguerre, Isabelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quartier, Pierre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melki, Isabelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rice, Gillian I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodero, Mathieu P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Charuel, Jean‐Luc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Relaix, Fréderic</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bader‐Meunier, Brigitte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Authier, FrançoisJérôme</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gitiaux, Cyril</creatorcontrib><title>From Diagnosis to Prognosis: Revisiting the Meaning of Muscle ISG15 Overexpression in Juvenile Inflammatory Myopathies</title><title>Arthritis &amp; rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)</title><addtitle>Arthritis Rheumatol</addtitle><description>Objective Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory/immune myopathies (IIMs) constitute a highly heterogeneous group of disorders with diagnostic difficulties and prognostic uncertainties. Circulating myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSAs) have been recognized as reliable tools for patient substratification. Considering the key role of type I interferon (IFN) up‐regulation in juvenile IIM, we undertook the present study to investigate whether IFN‐induced 15‐kd protein (ISG‐15) could be a reliable biomarker for stratification and diagnosis and to better elucidate its role in juvenile IIM pathophysiology. Methods The study included 56 patients: 24 with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), 12 with juvenile overlap myositis (OM), 10 with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and 10 with congenital myopathies. Muscle biopsy samples were assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Negative regulators of type I IFN (ISG15 and USP18) and positive regulators of type I IFN (DDX58 and IFIH1) were analyzed. Results ISG15 expression discriminated patients with juvenile IIM from those with nonimmune myopathies and, among patients with juvenile IIM, discriminated those with DM from those with OM. Among patients with juvenile DM, up‐regulation of the type I IFN positive regulators DDX58 and IFIH1 was similar regardless of MSA status. In contrast, the highest levels of the type I IFN negative regulator ISG15 were observed in patients who were positive for melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA‐5). Finally, ISG15 levels were inversely correlated with the severity of muscle histologic abnormalities and positively correlated with motor performance as evaluated by the Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale and by manual muscle strength testing. Conclusion Muscle ISG15 expression is strongly associated with juvenile DM, with patients exhibiting a different ISG‐15 muscle signature according to their MSA class. Patients with juvenile DM who are positive for MDA‐5 have higher expression of ISG15 in both gene form and protein form compared to the other subgroups. Moreover, our data show that negative regulation of type I IFN correlates with milder muscle involvement.</description><subject>Abnormalities</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Autoantibodies</subject><subject>Autoantibodies - immunology</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Biopsy</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Cytokines - metabolism</subject><subject>DEAD Box Protein 58 - metabolism</subject><subject>Dermatomyositis</subject><subject>Dermatomyositis - diagnosis</subject><subject>Dermatomyositis - metabolism</subject><subject>Dermatomyositis - physiopathology</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Duchenne's muscular dystrophy</subject><subject>Dystrophy</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunoblotting</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Interferon</subject><subject>Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1 - metabolism</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Melanoma</subject><subject>Motor task performance</subject><subject>Muscle strength</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism</subject><subject>Muscular dystrophy</subject><subject>Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne - metabolism</subject><subject>Myopathies, Structural, Congenital - metabolism</subject><subject>Myositis</subject><subject>Myositis - diagnosis</subject><subject>Myositis - metabolism</subject><subject>Myositis - physiopathology</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Receptors, Immunologic - metabolism</subject><subject>Regulation</subject><subject>Strength testing</subject><subject>Subgroups</subject><subject>Ubiquitin Thiolesterase - metabolism</subject><subject>Ubiquitins - metabolism</subject><subject>USP18 protein</subject><issn>2326-5191</issn><issn>2326-5205</issn><issn>2326-5205</issn><issn>2326-5191</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU1v1DAQhi0EaqvSQ_8AssQFDtuO7ThOuK0K_UC7KurH2XKyk66rxN7aSWD_PV7SFgkJX2ZsPXpn_L6EHDM4YQD81IT-JGM5l2_IARc8n0kO8u1Lz0q2T45ifIR0SgU5yD2yL4RgmQJ5QMbz4Dv61ZoH56ONtPf0R_DT5Qu9wdFG21v3QPs10iUat-t9Q5dDrFukV7cXTNLrEQP-2gSM0XpHraPfhxGd3QGuaU3Xmd6HLV1u_cb0a4vxPXnXmDbi0XM9JPfn3-7OLmeL64urs_liVmecyxlWlcxVCUqpVCTUWEFVSqZ4lTUFFpUyZWOKuqkYrrJaFqZAKFi24k3OVbESh-TzpLs2rd4E25mw1d5YfTlf6N0bCJGrnJUjS-ynid0E_zRg7HVnY41taxz6IWqeHAOeFUok9OM_6KMfgks_0VyKDCDnTPwdXgcfY8DmdQMGepedTtnpP9kl9sOz4lB1uHolX5JKwOkE_Ey2bv-vpOc3d5Pkb5xRoco</recordid><startdate>202106</startdate><enddate>202106</enddate><creator>Hou, Cyrielle</creator><creator>Durrleman, Chloé</creator><creator>Periou, Baptiste</creator><creator>Barnerias, Christine</creator><creator>Bodemer, Christine</creator><creator>Desguerre, Isabelle</creator><creator>Quartier, Pierre</creator><creator>Melki, Isabelle</creator><creator>Rice, Gillian I.</creator><creator>Rodero, Mathieu P.</creator><creator>Charuel, Jean‐Luc</creator><creator>Relaix, Fréderic</creator><creator>Bader‐Meunier, Brigitte</creator><creator>Authier, FrançoisJérôme</creator><creator>Gitiaux, Cyril</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><general>Wiley</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>VOOES</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2190-6843</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8057-333X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-4738</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1300-0187</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4223-0571</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-549X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8772-0905</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202106</creationdate><title>From Diagnosis to Prognosis: Revisiting the Meaning of Muscle ISG15 Overexpression in Juvenile Inflammatory Myopathies</title><author>Hou, Cyrielle ; Durrleman, Chloé ; Periou, Baptiste ; Barnerias, Christine ; Bodemer, Christine ; Desguerre, Isabelle ; Quartier, Pierre ; Melki, Isabelle ; Rice, Gillian I. ; Rodero, Mathieu P. ; Charuel, Jean‐Luc ; Relaix, Fréderic ; Bader‐Meunier, Brigitte ; Authier, FrançoisJérôme ; Gitiaux, Cyril</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4225-ebb5679077767950ceb0b95172b4f8e8b7a9fa8cfb1ed4c58a8e0814d2f6278d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Abnormalities</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Autoantibodies</topic><topic>Autoantibodies - immunology</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Biopsy</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Correlation</topic><topic>Cytokines - metabolism</topic><topic>DEAD Box Protein 58 - metabolism</topic><topic>Dermatomyositis</topic><topic>Dermatomyositis - diagnosis</topic><topic>Dermatomyositis - metabolism</topic><topic>Dermatomyositis - physiopathology</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Duchenne's muscular dystrophy</topic><topic>Dystrophy</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunoblotting</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Interferon</topic><topic>Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1 - metabolism</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Melanoma</topic><topic>Motor task performance</topic><topic>Muscle strength</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism</topic><topic>Muscular dystrophy</topic><topic>Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne - metabolism</topic><topic>Myopathies, Structural, Congenital - metabolism</topic><topic>Myositis</topic><topic>Myositis - diagnosis</topic><topic>Myositis - metabolism</topic><topic>Myositis - physiopathology</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>Receptors, Immunologic - metabolism</topic><topic>Regulation</topic><topic>Strength testing</topic><topic>Subgroups</topic><topic>Ubiquitin Thiolesterase - metabolism</topic><topic>Ubiquitins - metabolism</topic><topic>USP18 protein</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hou, Cyrielle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Durrleman, Chloé</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Periou, Baptiste</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barnerias, Christine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bodemer, Christine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desguerre, Isabelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quartier, Pierre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melki, Isabelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rice, Gillian I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodero, Mathieu P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Charuel, Jean‐Luc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Relaix, Fréderic</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bader‐Meunier, Brigitte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Authier, FrançoisJérôme</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gitiaux, Cyril</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium &amp; 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rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)</jtitle><addtitle>Arthritis Rheumatol</addtitle><date>2021-06</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>73</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1044</spage><epage>1052</epage><pages>1044-1052</pages><issn>2326-5191</issn><issn>2326-5205</issn><eissn>2326-5205</eissn><eissn>2326-5191</eissn><abstract>Objective Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory/immune myopathies (IIMs) constitute a highly heterogeneous group of disorders with diagnostic difficulties and prognostic uncertainties. Circulating myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSAs) have been recognized as reliable tools for patient substratification. Considering the key role of type I interferon (IFN) up‐regulation in juvenile IIM, we undertook the present study to investigate whether IFN‐induced 15‐kd protein (ISG‐15) could be a reliable biomarker for stratification and diagnosis and to better elucidate its role in juvenile IIM pathophysiology. Methods The study included 56 patients: 24 with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), 12 with juvenile overlap myositis (OM), 10 with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and 10 with congenital myopathies. Muscle biopsy samples were assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Negative regulators of type I IFN (ISG15 and USP18) and positive regulators of type I IFN (DDX58 and IFIH1) were analyzed. Results ISG15 expression discriminated patients with juvenile IIM from those with nonimmune myopathies and, among patients with juvenile IIM, discriminated those with DM from those with OM. Among patients with juvenile DM, up‐regulation of the type I IFN positive regulators DDX58 and IFIH1 was similar regardless of MSA status. In contrast, the highest levels of the type I IFN negative regulator ISG15 were observed in patients who were positive for melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA‐5). Finally, ISG15 levels were inversely correlated with the severity of muscle histologic abnormalities and positively correlated with motor performance as evaluated by the Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale and by manual muscle strength testing. Conclusion Muscle ISG15 expression is strongly associated with juvenile DM, with patients exhibiting a different ISG‐15 muscle signature according to their MSA class. Patients with juvenile DM who are positive for MDA‐5 have higher expression of ISG15 in both gene form and protein form compared to the other subgroups. Moreover, our data show that negative regulation of type I IFN correlates with milder muscle involvement.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>33314705</pmid><doi>10.1002/art.41625</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2190-6843</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8057-333X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-4738</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1300-0187</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4223-0571</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-549X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8772-0905</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Abnormalities
Adolescent
Autoantibodies
Autoantibodies - immunology
Biomarkers
Biopsy
Case-Control Studies
Child
Child, Preschool
Children
Correlation
Cytokines - metabolism
DEAD Box Protein 58 - metabolism
Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis - diagnosis
Dermatomyositis - metabolism
Dermatomyositis - physiopathology
Diagnosis
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
Dystrophy
Female
Humans
Immunoblotting
Immunohistochemistry
Inflammation
Interferon
Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1 - metabolism
Life Sciences
Male
Melanoma
Motor task performance
Muscle strength
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Muscular dystrophy
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne - metabolism
Myopathies, Structural, Congenital - metabolism
Myositis
Myositis - diagnosis
Myositis - metabolism
Myositis - physiopathology
Polymerase chain reaction
Prognosis
Proteins
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Receptors, Immunologic - metabolism
Regulation
Strength testing
Subgroups
Ubiquitin Thiolesterase - metabolism
Ubiquitins - metabolism
USP18 protein
title From Diagnosis to Prognosis: Revisiting the Meaning of Muscle ISG15 Overexpression in Juvenile Inflammatory Myopathies
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