Stabilization of N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine thin film morphology with UV light
Owing to their low glass transition temperature, Tg, amorphous thin films of N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (TPD) undergo morphological changes even at room temperature. It has been noticed previously that exposure to UV light can increase apparent Tg of TPD films and thus stabil...
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creator | Tomović, A.Ž. Markešević, N. Scarpellini, M. Bovio, S. Lucenti, E. Milani, P. Zikic, R. Jovanović, V.P. Srdanov, V.I. |
description | Owing to their low glass transition temperature, Tg, amorphous thin films of N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (TPD) undergo morphological changes even at room temperature. It has been noticed previously that exposure to UV light can increase apparent Tg of TPD films and thus stabilize their morphology. However, the reason behind increase in structural stability was not examined at the time. Here we present evidence that TPD molecules undergo photo-oxidation in air when exposed to λ≈350nm radiation and that less than 5% of the photo-oxidized species are needed to prevent dewetting of thin TPD films. We propose that photo-oxidized TPD species bind strongly to both ordinary TPD molecules and to terminal hydroxyl groups at the substrate surface, which decreases mobility of TPD molecules and makes thin TPD film less prone to morphology changes.
•We made variable thickness TPD films and exposed them to UV light under ambient conditions.•Mass spectroscopy and proton NMR measurements of irradiated and pristine TPD films•TPD molecules undergo oxidation process under UV light irradiation.•Dipole–dipole interactions may be responsible for stabilization of morphological changes. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.tsf.2014.03.081 |
format | Article |
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•We made variable thickness TPD films and exposed them to UV light under ambient conditions.•Mass spectroscopy and proton NMR measurements of irradiated and pristine TPD films•TPD molecules undergo oxidation process under UV light irradiation.•Dipole–dipole interactions may be responsible for stabilization of morphological changes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0040-6090</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2731</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2014.03.081</identifier><identifier>CODEN: THSFAP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Chemical Sciences ; Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties ; Dewetting ; Exact sciences and technology ; Exposure ; Glass transition temperature ; Mass spectroscopy ; Morphology ; N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Organic semiconductors ; Physics ; Stabilization ; Structural stability ; Structure and morphology; thickness ; Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties) ; Terminals ; Thin film structure and morphology ; Thin films</subject><ispartof>Thin solid films, 2014-07, Vol.562, p.99-103</ispartof><rights>2014 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-d1b494ad26942bbd76829a23049bba9aa4c823c3c002e0c4fcdebacec43d45a23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-d1b494ad26942bbd76829a23049bba9aa4c823c3c002e0c4fcdebacec43d45a23</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6640-4575</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.03.081$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28538600$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03351607$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tomović, A.Ž.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Markešević, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scarpellini, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bovio, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lucenti, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milani, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zikic, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jovanović, V.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Srdanov, V.I.</creatorcontrib><title>Stabilization of N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine thin film morphology with UV light</title><title>Thin solid films</title><description>Owing to their low glass transition temperature, Tg, amorphous thin films of N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (TPD) undergo morphological changes even at room temperature. It has been noticed previously that exposure to UV light can increase apparent Tg of TPD films and thus stabilize their morphology. However, the reason behind increase in structural stability was not examined at the time. Here we present evidence that TPD molecules undergo photo-oxidation in air when exposed to λ≈350nm radiation and that less than 5% of the photo-oxidized species are needed to prevent dewetting of thin TPD films. We propose that photo-oxidized TPD species bind strongly to both ordinary TPD molecules and to terminal hydroxyl groups at the substrate surface, which decreases mobility of TPD molecules and makes thin TPD film less prone to morphology changes.
•We made variable thickness TPD films and exposed them to UV light under ambient conditions.•Mass spectroscopy and proton NMR measurements of irradiated and pristine TPD films•TPD molecules undergo oxidation process under UV light irradiation.•Dipole–dipole interactions may be responsible for stabilization of morphological changes.</description><subject>Chemical Sciences</subject><subject>Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties</subject><subject>Dewetting</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Glass transition temperature</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Organic semiconductors</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Stabilization</subject><subject>Structural stability</subject><subject>Structure and morphology; thickness</subject><subject>Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties)</subject><subject>Terminals</subject><subject>Thin film structure and morphology</subject><subject>Thin films</subject><issn>0040-6090</issn><issn>1879-2731</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kc1q3DAUhUVpoJOkD9CdN4UEaufqZzw2WYXQJoUhXbTpVkiyHN9BtqaSkjJZ5ZnySHmSapghZNXVhXu_cw7cQ8gnChUFWp-tqhT7igEVFfAKGvqOzGizaEu24PQ9mQEIKGto4QM5jHEFAJQxPiOrn0lpdPioEvqp8H1x8-Xm5em51BhPeDnaNGzcerDTxp2Wb077lbbTI3Y42SINOBU9urEYfVgP3vm7TfEX01Dc_i4c3g3pmBz0ykX7cT-PyO23r78ur8vlj6vvlxfL0ghOU9lRLVqhOla3gmndLeqGtYpxEK3WqlVKmIZxww0As2BEbzqrlbFZ3Yl5Bo_I6c53UE6uA44qbKRXKK8vlnK7A87ntIbFA83syY5dB__n3sYkR4zGOqcm6--jpHUNULeciozSHWqCjzHY_tWbgtx2IFcydyC3HeQImTvIms97exWNcn1Qk8H4KmTNnDc5IHPnO87mvzygDTIatJOxHQZrkuw8_iflH2X5na0</recordid><startdate>20140701</startdate><enddate>20140701</enddate><creator>Tomović, A.Ž.</creator><creator>Markešević, N.</creator><creator>Scarpellini, M.</creator><creator>Bovio, S.</creator><creator>Lucenti, E.</creator><creator>Milani, P.</creator><creator>Zikic, R.</creator><creator>Jovanović, V.P.</creator><creator>Srdanov, V.I.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>1XC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6640-4575</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20140701</creationdate><title>Stabilization of N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine thin film morphology with UV light</title><author>Tomović, A.Ž. ; Markešević, N. ; Scarpellini, M. ; Bovio, S. ; Lucenti, E. ; Milani, P. ; Zikic, R. ; Jovanović, V.P. ; Srdanov, V.I.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-d1b494ad26942bbd76829a23049bba9aa4c823c3c002e0c4fcdebacec43d45a23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Chemical Sciences</topic><topic>Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties</topic><topic>Dewetting</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Glass transition temperature</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine</topic><topic>Nuclear magnetic resonance</topic><topic>Organic semiconductors</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Stabilization</topic><topic>Structural stability</topic><topic>Structure and morphology; thickness</topic><topic>Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties)</topic><topic>Terminals</topic><topic>Thin film structure and morphology</topic><topic>Thin films</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tomović, A.Ž.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Markešević, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scarpellini, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bovio, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lucenti, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milani, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zikic, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jovanović, V.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Srdanov, V.I.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Thin solid films</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tomović, A.Ž.</au><au>Markešević, N.</au><au>Scarpellini, M.</au><au>Bovio, S.</au><au>Lucenti, E.</au><au>Milani, P.</au><au>Zikic, R.</au><au>Jovanović, V.P.</au><au>Srdanov, V.I.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Stabilization of N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine thin film morphology with UV light</atitle><jtitle>Thin solid films</jtitle><date>2014-07-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>562</volume><spage>99</spage><epage>103</epage><pages>99-103</pages><issn>0040-6090</issn><eissn>1879-2731</eissn><coden>THSFAP</coden><abstract>Owing to their low glass transition temperature, Tg, amorphous thin films of N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (TPD) undergo morphological changes even at room temperature. It has been noticed previously that exposure to UV light can increase apparent Tg of TPD films and thus stabilize their morphology. However, the reason behind increase in structural stability was not examined at the time. Here we present evidence that TPD molecules undergo photo-oxidation in air when exposed to λ≈350nm radiation and that less than 5% of the photo-oxidized species are needed to prevent dewetting of thin TPD films. We propose that photo-oxidized TPD species bind strongly to both ordinary TPD molecules and to terminal hydroxyl groups at the substrate surface, which decreases mobility of TPD molecules and makes thin TPD film less prone to morphology changes.
•We made variable thickness TPD films and exposed them to UV light under ambient conditions.•Mass spectroscopy and proton NMR measurements of irradiated and pristine TPD films•TPD molecules undergo oxidation process under UV light irradiation.•Dipole–dipole interactions may be responsible for stabilization of morphological changes.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.tsf.2014.03.081</doi><tpages>5</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6640-4575</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Chemical Sciences Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties Dewetting Exact sciences and technology Exposure Glass transition temperature Mass spectroscopy Morphology N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine Nuclear magnetic resonance Organic semiconductors Physics Stabilization Structural stability Structure and morphology thickness Surfaces and interfaces thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties) Terminals Thin film structure and morphology Thin films |
title | Stabilization of N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine thin film morphology with UV light |
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