A critical analysis of methods for rapid and nondestructive determination of wood density in standing trees
Key message Field methods for rapid determination of wood density in trees have evolved from increment borer, torsiometer, Pilodyn, and nail withdrawal into sophisticated electronic tools of resistance drilling measurement. A partial resistance drilling approach coupled with knowledge of internal tr...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Annals of forest science. 2017-06, Vol.74 (2), p.1-13, Article 27 |
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creator | Gao, Shan Wang, Xiping Wiemann, Michael C. Brashaw, Brian K. Ross, Robert J. Wang, Lihai |
description | Key message
Field methods for rapid determination of wood density in trees have evolved from increment borer, torsiometer, Pilodyn, and nail withdrawal into sophisticated electronic tools of resistance drilling measurement. A partial resistance drilling approach coupled with knowledge of internal tree density distribution may offer an alternative solution for wood density surveys in the future.
Context
Finding ways to nondestructively assess wood density in trees has been a quest by foresters and wood scientists around the world. In the past several decades, traditional increment borer methods have gradually evolved into sophisticated electronic tools of resistance drilling measurements.
Aims
We provide a comprehensive review of research development in the use of several field nondestructive methods for rapid determination of wood density in trees and discuss pros and cons of each method for field applications.
Results
The use of the increment borer has been a standard method for assessing wood density in trees, and it has been further developed into a system approach allowing the use of outer wood cores and knowledge of internal density distribution for predicting wood density of major tree components. Studies on the use of torsiometer, Pilodyn, and nail withdrawal tools have had very limited success and do not warrant replacement of the increment borer. Resistance drilling, on the other hand, has emerged as a potential tool for more efficient and economical collection of wood density information in trees.
Conclusion
The resistance drilling method has considerable advantages over other methods in terms of less damage to trees, faster operation, and higher measurement sensitivity. Internal friction is a key factor that currently hinders further application. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s13595-017-0623-4 |
format | Article |
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Field methods for rapid determination of wood density in trees have evolved from increment borer, torsiometer, Pilodyn, and nail withdrawal into sophisticated electronic tools of resistance drilling measurement. A partial resistance drilling approach coupled with knowledge of internal tree density distribution may offer an alternative solution for wood density surveys in the future.
Context
Finding ways to nondestructively assess wood density in trees has been a quest by foresters and wood scientists around the world. In the past several decades, traditional increment borer methods have gradually evolved into sophisticated electronic tools of resistance drilling measurements.
Aims
We provide a comprehensive review of research development in the use of several field nondestructive methods for rapid determination of wood density in trees and discuss pros and cons of each method for field applications.
Results
The use of the increment borer has been a standard method for assessing wood density in trees, and it has been further developed into a system approach allowing the use of outer wood cores and knowledge of internal density distribution for predicting wood density of major tree components. Studies on the use of torsiometer, Pilodyn, and nail withdrawal tools have had very limited success and do not warrant replacement of the increment borer. Resistance drilling, on the other hand, has emerged as a potential tool for more efficient and economical collection of wood density information in trees.
Conclusion
The resistance drilling method has considerable advantages over other methods in terms of less damage to trees, faster operation, and higher measurement sensitivity. Internal friction is a key factor that currently hinders further application.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1286-4560</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1297-966X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s13595-017-0623-4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Paris: Springer Paris</publisher><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Density distribution ; Drilling ; Environment ; Forestry ; Forestry Management ; Internal friction ; Life Sciences ; Nondestructive testing ; Review Paper ; Tree Biology ; Trees ; Wood ; Wood Science & Technology</subject><ispartof>Annals of forest science., 2017-06, Vol.74 (2), p.1-13, Article 27</ispartof><rights>INRA and Springer-Verlag France 2017</rights><rights>Copyright Springer Science & Business Media 2017</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c529t-81a8e96a94f7ccee7cb8d695cad1e38779c7a0577166708a0e7b3aa65bda7ed53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c529t-81a8e96a94f7ccee7cb8d695cad1e38779c7a0577166708a0e7b3aa65bda7ed53</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7424-476X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13595-017-0623-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13595-017-0623-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,781,785,886,27926,27927,41122,41490,42191,42559,51321,51578</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-017-0623-4$$EView_record_in_Springer_Nature$$FView_record_in_$$GSpringer_Nature</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-02976522$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gao, Shan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiemann, Michael C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brashaw, Brian K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ross, Robert J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Lihai</creatorcontrib><title>A critical analysis of methods for rapid and nondestructive determination of wood density in standing trees</title><title>Annals of forest science.</title><addtitle>Annals of Forest Science</addtitle><description>Key message
Field methods for rapid determination of wood density in trees have evolved from increment borer, torsiometer, Pilodyn, and nail withdrawal into sophisticated electronic tools of resistance drilling measurement. A partial resistance drilling approach coupled with knowledge of internal tree density distribution may offer an alternative solution for wood density surveys in the future.
Context
Finding ways to nondestructively assess wood density in trees has been a quest by foresters and wood scientists around the world. In the past several decades, traditional increment borer methods have gradually evolved into sophisticated electronic tools of resistance drilling measurements.
Aims
We provide a comprehensive review of research development in the use of several field nondestructive methods for rapid determination of wood density in trees and discuss pros and cons of each method for field applications.
Results
The use of the increment borer has been a standard method for assessing wood density in trees, and it has been further developed into a system approach allowing the use of outer wood cores and knowledge of internal density distribution for predicting wood density of major tree components. Studies on the use of torsiometer, Pilodyn, and nail withdrawal tools have had very limited success and do not warrant replacement of the increment borer. Resistance drilling, on the other hand, has emerged as a potential tool for more efficient and economical collection of wood density information in trees.
Conclusion
The resistance drilling method has considerable advantages over other methods in terms of less damage to trees, faster operation, and higher measurement sensitivity. Internal friction is a key factor that currently hinders further application.</description><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Density distribution</subject><subject>Drilling</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Forestry</subject><subject>Forestry Management</subject><subject>Internal friction</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Nondestructive testing</subject><subject>Review Paper</subject><subject>Tree Biology</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>Wood</subject><subject>Wood Science & Technology</subject><issn>1286-4560</issn><issn>1297-966X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kEFPwyAYhonRxDn9Ad5IPHmoQlugPS6LOpMlXjTxRr4B3ZgbTGAz-_fS1BgvniAv7_MmPAhdU3JHCRH3kVasZQWhoiC8rIr6BI1o2Yqi5fz9tL83vKgZJ-foIsY1ITmo6Qh9TLAKNlkFGwwONsdoI_Yd3pq08jrizgccYGd1ftXYeadNTGGvkj0YrE0yYWsdJOtdT315r3Pqok1HbB2OKVPWLXEKxsRLdNbBJpqrn3OM3h4fXqezYv7y9DydzAvFyjYVDYXGtBzauhNKGSPUotG8ZQo0NVUjRKsEECYE5VyQBogRiwqAs4UGYTSrxuh22F3BRu6C3UI4Sg9WziZz2Wcki-GsLA80d2-G7i74z33-m1z7fcgioqRNQ0Rdc1HnFh1aKvgYg-l-ZymRvX85-JfZv-z9y54pBybmrlua8Gf5X-gbpuGJbw</recordid><startdate>20170601</startdate><enddate>20170601</enddate><creator>Gao, Shan</creator><creator>Wang, Xiping</creator><creator>Wiemann, Michael C.</creator><creator>Brashaw, Brian K.</creator><creator>Ross, Robert J.</creator><creator>Wang, Lihai</creator><general>Springer Paris</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><general>Springer Nature (since 2011)/EDP Science (until 2010)</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>VOOES</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-476X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170601</creationdate><title>A critical analysis of methods for rapid and nondestructive determination of wood density in standing trees</title><author>Gao, Shan ; Wang, Xiping ; Wiemann, Michael C. ; Brashaw, Brian K. ; Ross, Robert J. ; Wang, Lihai</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c529t-81a8e96a94f7ccee7cb8d695cad1e38779c7a0577166708a0e7b3aa65bda7ed53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Density distribution</topic><topic>Drilling</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Forestry</topic><topic>Forestry Management</topic><topic>Internal friction</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Nondestructive testing</topic><topic>Review Paper</topic><topic>Tree Biology</topic><topic>Trees</topic><topic>Wood</topic><topic>Wood Science & Technology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gao, Shan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiemann, Michael C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brashaw, Brian K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ross, Robert J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Lihai</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)</collection><jtitle>Annals of forest science.</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gao, Shan</au><au>Wang, Xiping</au><au>Wiemann, Michael C.</au><au>Brashaw, Brian K.</au><au>Ross, Robert J.</au><au>Wang, Lihai</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A critical analysis of methods for rapid and nondestructive determination of wood density in standing trees</atitle><jtitle>Annals of forest science.</jtitle><stitle>Annals of Forest Science</stitle><date>2017-06-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>74</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>13</epage><pages>1-13</pages><artnum>27</artnum><issn>1286-4560</issn><eissn>1297-966X</eissn><abstract>Key message
Field methods for rapid determination of wood density in trees have evolved from increment borer, torsiometer, Pilodyn, and nail withdrawal into sophisticated electronic tools of resistance drilling measurement. A partial resistance drilling approach coupled with knowledge of internal tree density distribution may offer an alternative solution for wood density surveys in the future.
Context
Finding ways to nondestructively assess wood density in trees has been a quest by foresters and wood scientists around the world. In the past several decades, traditional increment borer methods have gradually evolved into sophisticated electronic tools of resistance drilling measurements.
Aims
We provide a comprehensive review of research development in the use of several field nondestructive methods for rapid determination of wood density in trees and discuss pros and cons of each method for field applications.
Results
The use of the increment borer has been a standard method for assessing wood density in trees, and it has been further developed into a system approach allowing the use of outer wood cores and knowledge of internal density distribution for predicting wood density of major tree components. Studies on the use of torsiometer, Pilodyn, and nail withdrawal tools have had very limited success and do not warrant replacement of the increment borer. Resistance drilling, on the other hand, has emerged as a potential tool for more efficient and economical collection of wood density information in trees.
Conclusion
The resistance drilling method has considerable advantages over other methods in terms of less damage to trees, faster operation, and higher measurement sensitivity. Internal friction is a key factor that currently hinders further application.</abstract><cop>Paris</cop><pub>Springer Paris</pub><doi>10.1007/s13595-017-0623-4</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-476X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Biomedical and Life Sciences Density distribution Drilling Environment Forestry Forestry Management Internal friction Life Sciences Nondestructive testing Review Paper Tree Biology Trees Wood Wood Science & Technology |
title | A critical analysis of methods for rapid and nondestructive determination of wood density in standing trees |
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