Lignification in the flax stem: evidence for an unusual lignin in bast fibers

In the context of our research on cell wall formation and maturation in flax (Linum usitatissimum L) bast fibers, we (1) confirmed the presence of lignin in bast fibers and (2) quantified and characterized the chemical nature of this lignin at two developmental stages. Histochemical methods (Weisner...

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Veröffentlicht in:Planta 2005-10, Vol.222 (2), p.234-245
Hauptverfasser: Day, A, Ruel, K, Neutelings, G, Cronier, D, David, H, Hawkins, S, Chabbert, B
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container_start_page 234
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creator Day, A
Ruel, K
Neutelings, G
Cronier, D
David, H
Hawkins, S
Chabbert, B
description In the context of our research on cell wall formation and maturation in flax (Linum usitatissimum L) bast fibers, we (1) confirmed the presence of lignin in bast fibers and (2) quantified and characterized the chemical nature of this lignin at two developmental stages. Histochemical methods (Weisner and Maule reagents and KMnO4-staining) indicating the presence of lignin in bast fibers at the light and electron microscope levels were confirmed by chemical analyses (acetyl bromide). In general, the lignin content in flax bast fibers varied between 1.5% and 4.2% of the dry cell wall residues (CWRs) as compared to values varying between 23.7% and 31.4% in flax xylem tissues. Immunological and chemical analyses (thioacidolysis and nitrobenzene oxidation) indicated that both flax xylem- and bast fiber-lignins were rich in guaiacyl (G) units with S/G values inferior to 0.5. In bast fibers, the highly sensitive immunological probes allowed the detection of condensed guaiacyl-type (G) lignins in the middle lamella, cell wall junctions, and in the S1 layer of the secondary wall. In addition, lower quantities of mixed guaiacyl-syringyl (GS) lignins could be detected throughout the secondary cell wall. Chemical analyses suggested that flax bast-fiber lignin is more condensed than the corresponding xylem lignin. In addition, H units represented up to 25% of the monomers released from bast-fiber lignin as opposed to a value of 1% for the corresponding xylem tissue. Such an observation indicates that the structure of flax bast-fiber lignin is significantly different from that of the more typical 'woody plant lignin', thereby suggesting that flax bast fibers represent an interesting system for studying an unusual lignification process.
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Chemical analyses suggested that flax bast-fiber lignin is more condensed than the corresponding xylem lignin. In addition, H units represented up to 25% of the monomers released from bast-fiber lignin as opposed to a value of 1% for the corresponding xylem tissue. 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subjects Biological and medical sciences
Bromides
Cell Wall
Cell walls
Chemical analysis
Developmental stages
Fiber cells
fiber crops
Fibers
flax
Flax - chemistry
Flax - cytology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genetics
histochemistry
Life Sciences
Lignification
Lignin
Lignin - analysis
Lignin - ultrastructure
Linum usitatissimum
Metabolism
Metabolism. Physicochemical requirements
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzenes
Oxidation
plant biochemistry
plant fibers
Plant physiology and development
Plant Stems - chemistry
Plant Stems - cytology
Plant Stems - ultrastructure
Plants
Plants genetics
Reagents
tissue distribution
Woody plants
Xylem
title Lignification in the flax stem: evidence for an unusual lignin in bast fibers
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