Multiyear Evaluation of the Durability of the Resistance Conferred by Ma and RMia Genes to Meloidogyne incognita in Prunus Under Controlled Conditions
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) are highly polyphagous pests that parasitize Prunus crops in Mediterranean climates. Breeding for RKN-resistant Prunus cultivars, as an alternative to the now-banned use of nematicides, is a real challenge, because the perennial nature of these trees inc...
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description | Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) are highly polyphagous pests that parasitize Prunus crops in Mediterranean climates. Breeding for RKN-resistant Prunus cultivars, as an alternative to the now-banned use of nematicides, is a real challenge, because the perennial nature of these trees increases the risk of resistance breakdown. The Ma plum resistance (R) gene, with a complete spectrum, and the RMia peach R gene, with a more restricted spectrum, both provide total control of Meloidogyne incognita, the model parthenogenetic species of the genus and the most important RKN in terms of economic losses. We investigated the durability of the resistance to this nematode conferred by these genes, comparing the results obtained with those for the tomato Mi-1 reference gene. In multiyear experiments, we applied a high and continuous nematode inoculum pressure by cultivating nematode-infested susceptible tomato plants with either Prunus accessions carrying Ma or RMia R genes, or with resistant tomato plants carrying the Mi-1 gene. Suitable conditions for Prunus development were achieved by carrying out the studies in a glasshouse, in controlled conditions allowing a short winter leaf fall and dormancy. We first assessed the plum accession 'P.2175', which is heterozygous for the Ma gene, in two successive 2-year evaluations, for resistance to two M. incognita isolates. Whatever the isolate used, no nematodes reproducing on P.2175 were detected, whereas galls and nematodes reproducing on tomato plants carrying Mi-1 were observed. In a second experiment with the most aggressive isolate, interspecific full-sib material (P.2175 × ['Garfi' almond × 'Nemared' peach]), carrying either Ma or RMia (from Nemared) or both (in the heterozygous state) or neither of these genes, was evaluated for 4 years. No virulent nematodes developed on Prunus spp. carrying R genes, whereas galling and virulent individuals were observed on Mi-1-resistant tomato plants. Thus, the resistance to M. incognita conferred by Ma in Prunus material in both a pure-plum and an interspecific genetic background, or by RMia in an interspecific background, appears to be durable, highlighting the value of these two genes for the creation of Prunus rootstock material. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1094/PHYTO-09-12-0228-R |
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Breeding for RKN-resistant Prunus cultivars, as an alternative to the now-banned use of nematicides, is a real challenge, because the perennial nature of these trees increases the risk of resistance breakdown. The Ma plum resistance (R) gene, with a complete spectrum, and the RMia peach R gene, with a more restricted spectrum, both provide total control of Meloidogyne incognita, the model parthenogenetic species of the genus and the most important RKN in terms of economic losses. We investigated the durability of the resistance to this nematode conferred by these genes, comparing the results obtained with those for the tomato Mi-1 reference gene. In multiyear experiments, we applied a high and continuous nematode inoculum pressure by cultivating nematode-infested susceptible tomato plants with either Prunus accessions carrying Ma or RMia R genes, or with resistant tomato plants carrying the Mi-1 gene. Suitable conditions for Prunus development were achieved by carrying out the studies in a glasshouse, in controlled conditions allowing a short winter leaf fall and dormancy. We first assessed the plum accession 'P.2175', which is heterozygous for the Ma gene, in two successive 2-year evaluations, for resistance to two M. incognita isolates. Whatever the isolate used, no nematodes reproducing on P.2175 were detected, whereas galls and nematodes reproducing on tomato plants carrying Mi-1 were observed. In a second experiment with the most aggressive isolate, interspecific full-sib material (P.2175 × ['Garfi' almond × 'Nemared' peach]), carrying either Ma or RMia (from Nemared) or both (in the heterozygous state) or neither of these genes, was evaluated for 4 years. No virulent nematodes developed on Prunus spp. carrying R genes, whereas galling and virulent individuals were observed on Mi-1-resistant tomato plants. Thus, the resistance to M. incognita conferred by Ma in Prunus material in both a pure-plum and an interspecific genetic background, or by RMia in an interspecific background, appears to be durable, highlighting the value of these two genes for the creation of Prunus rootstock material.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0031-949X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1943-7684</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0031-949X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-09-12-0228-R</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23425239</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PHYTAJ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chimera ; Disease Resistance - genetics ; Environmental Sciences ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Genetic Markers - genetics ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Life Sciences ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Lycopersicon esculentum - genetics ; Lycopersicon esculentum - immunology ; Lycopersicon esculentum - parasitology ; Meloidogyne ; Meloidogyne incognita ; Nematoda ; Phenotype ; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection ; Plant Diseases - immunology ; Plant Diseases - parasitology ; Plant Leaves - genetics ; Plant Leaves - immunology ; Plant Leaves - parasitology ; Plant Proteins - genetics ; Plant Roots - genetics ; Plant Roots - immunology ; Plant Roots - parasitology ; Prunus ; Prunus - genetics ; Prunus - immunology ; Prunus - parasitology ; Prunus dulcis ; Tylenchoidea - pathogenicity ; Virulence</subject><ispartof>Phytopathology, 2013-08, Vol.103 (8), p.833-840</ispartof><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c444t-57dcaf3658eafbf21a9e2a187a2552412b280ed48b831f740271fa268299ab9e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c444t-57dcaf3658eafbf21a9e2a187a2552412b280ed48b831f740271fa268299ab9e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5109-2249</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,882,3711,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27579189$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23425239$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02647658$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>KHALLOUK, Samira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VOISIN, Roger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PORTIER, Ulysse</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>POLIDORI, Joël</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VAN GHELDER, Cyril</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ESMENJAUD, Daniel</creatorcontrib><title>Multiyear Evaluation of the Durability of the Resistance Conferred by Ma and RMia Genes to Meloidogyne incognita in Prunus Under Controlled Conditions</title><title>Phytopathology</title><addtitle>Phytopathology</addtitle><description>Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) are highly polyphagous pests that parasitize Prunus crops in Mediterranean climates. Breeding for RKN-resistant Prunus cultivars, as an alternative to the now-banned use of nematicides, is a real challenge, because the perennial nature of these trees increases the risk of resistance breakdown. The Ma plum resistance (R) gene, with a complete spectrum, and the RMia peach R gene, with a more restricted spectrum, both provide total control of Meloidogyne incognita, the model parthenogenetic species of the genus and the most important RKN in terms of economic losses. We investigated the durability of the resistance to this nematode conferred by these genes, comparing the results obtained with those for the tomato Mi-1 reference gene. In multiyear experiments, we applied a high and continuous nematode inoculum pressure by cultivating nematode-infested susceptible tomato plants with either Prunus accessions carrying Ma or RMia R genes, or with resistant tomato plants carrying the Mi-1 gene. Suitable conditions for Prunus development were achieved by carrying out the studies in a glasshouse, in controlled conditions allowing a short winter leaf fall and dormancy. We first assessed the plum accession 'P.2175', which is heterozygous for the Ma gene, in two successive 2-year evaluations, for resistance to two M. incognita isolates. Whatever the isolate used, no nematodes reproducing on P.2175 were detected, whereas galls and nematodes reproducing on tomato plants carrying Mi-1 were observed. In a second experiment with the most aggressive isolate, interspecific full-sib material (P.2175 × ['Garfi' almond × 'Nemared' peach]), carrying either Ma or RMia (from Nemared) or both (in the heterozygous state) or neither of these genes, was evaluated for 4 years. No virulent nematodes developed on Prunus spp. carrying R genes, whereas galling and virulent individuals were observed on Mi-1-resistant tomato plants. Thus, the resistance to M. incognita conferred by Ma in Prunus material in both a pure-plum and an interspecific genetic background, or by RMia in an interspecific background, appears to be durable, highlighting the value of these two genes for the creation of Prunus rootstock material.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chimera</subject><subject>Disease Resistance - genetics</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Genetic Markers - genetics</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Heterozygote</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Lycopersicon esculentum</subject><subject>Lycopersicon esculentum - genetics</subject><subject>Lycopersicon esculentum - immunology</subject><subject>Lycopersicon esculentum - parasitology</subject><subject>Meloidogyne</subject><subject>Meloidogyne incognita</subject><subject>Nematoda</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</subject><subject>Plant Diseases - immunology</subject><subject>Plant Diseases - parasitology</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - immunology</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - parasitology</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Roots - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Roots - immunology</subject><subject>Plant Roots - parasitology</subject><subject>Prunus</subject><subject>Prunus - genetics</subject><subject>Prunus - immunology</subject><subject>Prunus - parasitology</subject><subject>Prunus dulcis</subject><subject>Tylenchoidea - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><issn>0031-949X</issn><issn>1943-7684</issn><issn>0031-949X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkcFu1DAQhiMEokvhBTggX5DgELAdJ7aP1VK6SLtqtWolOFmTZNIaee1iO5XyIjwvWXZbjpxmNPr-XyN9RfGW0U-MavH5avXj-rKkumS8pJyrcvusWDAtqlI2SjwvFpRWrNRCfz8pXqX0k1IqVd28LE54JXjNK70ofm9Gl-2EEMn5A7gRsg2ehIHkOyRfxgitdTZPj5ctJpsy-A7JMvgBY8SetBPZAAHfk-3GArlAj4nkQDbogu3D7eSRWN-FW28zzBu5iqMfE7nxPcZ9T47BubloXnu7fyC9Ll4M4BK-Oc7T4ubr-fVyVa4vL74tz9ZlJ4TIZS37DoaqqRXC0A6cgUYOTEngdc0F4y1XFHuhWlWxQQrKJRuAN4prDa3G6rT4eOi9A2fuo91BnEwAa1Zna7O_Ud4IOfc_sJn9cGDvY_g1YspmZ1OHzoHHMCbDBJeUCs30_9FK65oqJpsZ5Qe0iyGliMPTG4yavWbzV7Oh2jBu9prNdg69O_aP7Q77p8ij1xl4fwQgdeCGOCuz6R8na6mZ0tUf8yCxPg</recordid><startdate>20130801</startdate><enddate>20130801</enddate><creator>KHALLOUK, Samira</creator><creator>VOISIN, Roger</creator><creator>PORTIER, Ulysse</creator><creator>POLIDORI, Joël</creator><creator>VAN GHELDER, Cyril</creator><creator>ESMENJAUD, Daniel</creator><general>American Phytopathological Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>1XC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5109-2249</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20130801</creationdate><title>Multiyear Evaluation of the Durability of the Resistance Conferred by Ma and RMia Genes to Meloidogyne incognita in Prunus Under Controlled Conditions</title><author>KHALLOUK, Samira ; VOISIN, Roger ; PORTIER, Ulysse ; POLIDORI, Joël ; VAN GHELDER, Cyril ; ESMENJAUD, Daniel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c444t-57dcaf3658eafbf21a9e2a187a2552412b280ed48b831f740271fa268299ab9e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chimera</topic><topic>Disease Resistance - genetics</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Genetic Markers - genetics</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Heterozygote</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Lycopersicon esculentum</topic><topic>Lycopersicon esculentum - genetics</topic><topic>Lycopersicon esculentum - immunology</topic><topic>Lycopersicon esculentum - parasitology</topic><topic>Meloidogyne</topic><topic>Meloidogyne incognita</topic><topic>Nematoda</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</topic><topic>Plant Diseases - immunology</topic><topic>Plant Diseases - parasitology</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - genetics</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - immunology</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - parasitology</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Plant Roots - genetics</topic><topic>Plant Roots - immunology</topic><topic>Plant Roots - parasitology</topic><topic>Prunus</topic><topic>Prunus - genetics</topic><topic>Prunus - immunology</topic><topic>Prunus - parasitology</topic><topic>Prunus dulcis</topic><topic>Tylenchoidea - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Virulence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>KHALLOUK, Samira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VOISIN, Roger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PORTIER, Ulysse</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>POLIDORI, Joël</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VAN GHELDER, Cyril</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ESMENJAUD, Daniel</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Phytopathology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>KHALLOUK, Samira</au><au>VOISIN, Roger</au><au>PORTIER, Ulysse</au><au>POLIDORI, Joël</au><au>VAN GHELDER, Cyril</au><au>ESMENJAUD, Daniel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Multiyear Evaluation of the Durability of the Resistance Conferred by Ma and RMia Genes to Meloidogyne incognita in Prunus Under Controlled Conditions</atitle><jtitle>Phytopathology</jtitle><addtitle>Phytopathology</addtitle><date>2013-08-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>103</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>833</spage><epage>840</epage><pages>833-840</pages><issn>0031-949X</issn><eissn>1943-7684</eissn><eissn>0031-949X</eissn><coden>PHYTAJ</coden><abstract>Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) are highly polyphagous pests that parasitize Prunus crops in Mediterranean climates. Breeding for RKN-resistant Prunus cultivars, as an alternative to the now-banned use of nematicides, is a real challenge, because the perennial nature of these trees increases the risk of resistance breakdown. The Ma plum resistance (R) gene, with a complete spectrum, and the RMia peach R gene, with a more restricted spectrum, both provide total control of Meloidogyne incognita, the model parthenogenetic species of the genus and the most important RKN in terms of economic losses. We investigated the durability of the resistance to this nematode conferred by these genes, comparing the results obtained with those for the tomato Mi-1 reference gene. In multiyear experiments, we applied a high and continuous nematode inoculum pressure by cultivating nematode-infested susceptible tomato plants with either Prunus accessions carrying Ma or RMia R genes, or with resistant tomato plants carrying the Mi-1 gene. Suitable conditions for Prunus development were achieved by carrying out the studies in a glasshouse, in controlled conditions allowing a short winter leaf fall and dormancy. We first assessed the plum accession 'P.2175', which is heterozygous for the Ma gene, in two successive 2-year evaluations, for resistance to two M. incognita isolates. Whatever the isolate used, no nematodes reproducing on P.2175 were detected, whereas galls and nematodes reproducing on tomato plants carrying Mi-1 were observed. In a second experiment with the most aggressive isolate, interspecific full-sib material (P.2175 × ['Garfi' almond × 'Nemared' peach]), carrying either Ma or RMia (from Nemared) or both (in the heterozygous state) or neither of these genes, was evaluated for 4 years. No virulent nematodes developed on Prunus spp. carrying R genes, whereas galling and virulent individuals were observed on Mi-1-resistant tomato plants. Thus, the resistance to M. incognita conferred by Ma in Prunus material in both a pure-plum and an interspecific genetic background, or by RMia in an interspecific background, appears to be durable, highlighting the value of these two genes for the creation of Prunus rootstock material.</abstract><cop>St. Paul, MN</cop><pub>American Phytopathological Society</pub><pmid>23425239</pmid><doi>10.1094/PHYTO-09-12-0228-R</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5109-2249</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Biological and medical sciences Chimera Disease Resistance - genetics Environmental Sciences Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genetic Markers - genetics Genotype Heterozygote Humans Life Sciences Lycopersicon esculentum Lycopersicon esculentum - genetics Lycopersicon esculentum - immunology Lycopersicon esculentum - parasitology Meloidogyne Meloidogyne incognita Nematoda Phenotype Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection Plant Diseases - immunology Plant Diseases - parasitology Plant Leaves - genetics Plant Leaves - immunology Plant Leaves - parasitology Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Roots - genetics Plant Roots - immunology Plant Roots - parasitology Prunus Prunus - genetics Prunus - immunology Prunus - parasitology Prunus dulcis Tylenchoidea - pathogenicity Virulence |
title | Multiyear Evaluation of the Durability of the Resistance Conferred by Ma and RMia Genes to Meloidogyne incognita in Prunus Under Controlled Conditions |
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