Multiyear Evaluation of the Durability of the Resistance Conferred by Ma and RMia Genes to Meloidogyne incognita in Prunus Under Controlled Conditions

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) are highly polyphagous pests that parasitize Prunus crops in Mediterranean climates. Breeding for RKN-resistant Prunus cultivars, as an alternative to the now-banned use of nematicides, is a real challenge, because the perennial nature of these trees inc...

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Veröffentlicht in:Phytopathology 2013-08, Vol.103 (8), p.833-840
Hauptverfasser: KHALLOUK, Samira, VOISIN, Roger, PORTIER, Ulysse, POLIDORI, Joël, VAN GHELDER, Cyril, ESMENJAUD, Daniel
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container_issue 8
container_start_page 833
container_title Phytopathology
container_volume 103
creator KHALLOUK, Samira
VOISIN, Roger
PORTIER, Ulysse
POLIDORI, Joël
VAN GHELDER, Cyril
ESMENJAUD, Daniel
description Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) are highly polyphagous pests that parasitize Prunus crops in Mediterranean climates. Breeding for RKN-resistant Prunus cultivars, as an alternative to the now-banned use of nematicides, is a real challenge, because the perennial nature of these trees increases the risk of resistance breakdown. The Ma plum resistance (R) gene, with a complete spectrum, and the RMia peach R gene, with a more restricted spectrum, both provide total control of Meloidogyne incognita, the model parthenogenetic species of the genus and the most important RKN in terms of economic losses. We investigated the durability of the resistance to this nematode conferred by these genes, comparing the results obtained with those for the tomato Mi-1 reference gene. In multiyear experiments, we applied a high and continuous nematode inoculum pressure by cultivating nematode-infested susceptible tomato plants with either Prunus accessions carrying Ma or RMia R genes, or with resistant tomato plants carrying the Mi-1 gene. Suitable conditions for Prunus development were achieved by carrying out the studies in a glasshouse, in controlled conditions allowing a short winter leaf fall and dormancy. We first assessed the plum accession 'P.2175', which is heterozygous for the Ma gene, in two successive 2-year evaluations, for resistance to two M. incognita isolates. Whatever the isolate used, no nematodes reproducing on P.2175 were detected, whereas galls and nematodes reproducing on tomato plants carrying Mi-1 were observed. In a second experiment with the most aggressive isolate, interspecific full-sib material (P.2175 × ['Garfi' almond × 'Nemared' peach]), carrying either Ma or RMia (from Nemared) or both (in the heterozygous state) or neither of these genes, was evaluated for 4 years. No virulent nematodes developed on Prunus spp. carrying R genes, whereas galling and virulent individuals were observed on Mi-1-resistant tomato plants. Thus, the resistance to M. incognita conferred by Ma in Prunus material in both a pure-plum and an interspecific genetic background, or by RMia in an interspecific background, appears to be durable, highlighting the value of these two genes for the creation of Prunus rootstock material.
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Breeding for RKN-resistant Prunus cultivars, as an alternative to the now-banned use of nematicides, is a real challenge, because the perennial nature of these trees increases the risk of resistance breakdown. The Ma plum resistance (R) gene, with a complete spectrum, and the RMia peach R gene, with a more restricted spectrum, both provide total control of Meloidogyne incognita, the model parthenogenetic species of the genus and the most important RKN in terms of economic losses. We investigated the durability of the resistance to this nematode conferred by these genes, comparing the results obtained with those for the tomato Mi-1 reference gene. In multiyear experiments, we applied a high and continuous nematode inoculum pressure by cultivating nematode-infested susceptible tomato plants with either Prunus accessions carrying Ma or RMia R genes, or with resistant tomato plants carrying the Mi-1 gene. Suitable conditions for Prunus development were achieved by carrying out the studies in a glasshouse, in controlled conditions allowing a short winter leaf fall and dormancy. We first assessed the plum accession 'P.2175', which is heterozygous for the Ma gene, in two successive 2-year evaluations, for resistance to two M. incognita isolates. Whatever the isolate used, no nematodes reproducing on P.2175 were detected, whereas galls and nematodes reproducing on tomato plants carrying Mi-1 were observed. In a second experiment with the most aggressive isolate, interspecific full-sib material (P.2175 × ['Garfi' almond × 'Nemared' peach]), carrying either Ma or RMia (from Nemared) or both (in the heterozygous state) or neither of these genes, was evaluated for 4 years. No virulent nematodes developed on Prunus spp. carrying R genes, whereas galling and virulent individuals were observed on Mi-1-resistant tomato plants. 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Suitable conditions for Prunus development were achieved by carrying out the studies in a glasshouse, in controlled conditions allowing a short winter leaf fall and dormancy. We first assessed the plum accession 'P.2175', which is heterozygous for the Ma gene, in two successive 2-year evaluations, for resistance to two M. incognita isolates. Whatever the isolate used, no nematodes reproducing on P.2175 were detected, whereas galls and nematodes reproducing on tomato plants carrying Mi-1 were observed. In a second experiment with the most aggressive isolate, interspecific full-sib material (P.2175 × ['Garfi' almond × 'Nemared' peach]), carrying either Ma or RMia (from Nemared) or both (in the heterozygous state) or neither of these genes, was evaluated for 4 years. No virulent nematodes developed on Prunus spp. carrying R genes, whereas galling and virulent individuals were observed on Mi-1-resistant tomato plants. 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Plant and forest protection</subject><subject>Plant Diseases - immunology</subject><subject>Plant Diseases - parasitology</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - immunology</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - parasitology</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Roots - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Roots - immunology</subject><subject>Plant Roots - parasitology</subject><subject>Prunus</subject><subject>Prunus - genetics</subject><subject>Prunus - immunology</subject><subject>Prunus - parasitology</subject><subject>Prunus dulcis</subject><subject>Tylenchoidea - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><issn>0031-949X</issn><issn>1943-7684</issn><issn>0031-949X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkcFu1DAQhiMEokvhBTggX5DgELAdJ7aP1VK6SLtqtWolOFmTZNIaee1iO5XyIjwvWXZbjpxmNPr-XyN9RfGW0U-MavH5avXj-rKkumS8pJyrcvusWDAtqlI2SjwvFpRWrNRCfz8pXqX0k1IqVd28LE54JXjNK70ofm9Gl-2EEMn5A7gRsg2ehIHkOyRfxgitdTZPj5ctJpsy-A7JMvgBY8SetBPZAAHfk-3GArlAj4nkQDbogu3D7eSRWN-FW28zzBu5iqMfE7nxPcZ9T47BubloXnu7fyC9Ll4M4BK-Oc7T4ubr-fVyVa4vL74tz9ZlJ4TIZS37DoaqqRXC0A6cgUYOTEngdc0F4y1XFHuhWlWxQQrKJRuAN4prDa3G6rT4eOi9A2fuo91BnEwAa1Zna7O_Ud4IOfc_sJn9cGDvY_g1YspmZ1OHzoHHMCbDBJeUCs30_9FK65oqJpsZ5Qe0iyGliMPTG4yavWbzV7Oh2jBu9prNdg69O_aP7Q77p8ij1xl4fwQgdeCGOCuz6R8na6mZ0tUf8yCxPg</recordid><startdate>20130801</startdate><enddate>20130801</enddate><creator>KHALLOUK, Samira</creator><creator>VOISIN, Roger</creator><creator>PORTIER, Ulysse</creator><creator>POLIDORI, Joël</creator><creator>VAN GHELDER, Cyril</creator><creator>ESMENJAUD, Daniel</creator><general>American Phytopathological Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>1XC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5109-2249</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20130801</creationdate><title>Multiyear Evaluation of the Durability of the Resistance Conferred by Ma and RMia Genes to Meloidogyne incognita in Prunus Under Controlled Conditions</title><author>KHALLOUK, Samira ; VOISIN, Roger ; PORTIER, Ulysse ; POLIDORI, Joël ; VAN GHELDER, Cyril ; ESMENJAUD, Daniel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c444t-57dcaf3658eafbf21a9e2a187a2552412b280ed48b831f740271fa268299ab9e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chimera</topic><topic>Disease Resistance - genetics</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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Breeding for RKN-resistant Prunus cultivars, as an alternative to the now-banned use of nematicides, is a real challenge, because the perennial nature of these trees increases the risk of resistance breakdown. The Ma plum resistance (R) gene, with a complete spectrum, and the RMia peach R gene, with a more restricted spectrum, both provide total control of Meloidogyne incognita, the model parthenogenetic species of the genus and the most important RKN in terms of economic losses. We investigated the durability of the resistance to this nematode conferred by these genes, comparing the results obtained with those for the tomato Mi-1 reference gene. In multiyear experiments, we applied a high and continuous nematode inoculum pressure by cultivating nematode-infested susceptible tomato plants with either Prunus accessions carrying Ma or RMia R genes, or with resistant tomato plants carrying the Mi-1 gene. 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Thus, the resistance to M. incognita conferred by Ma in Prunus material in both a pure-plum and an interspecific genetic background, or by RMia in an interspecific background, appears to be durable, highlighting the value of these two genes for the creation of Prunus rootstock material.</abstract><cop>St. Paul, MN</cop><pub>American Phytopathological Society</pub><pmid>23425239</pmid><doi>10.1094/PHYTO-09-12-0228-R</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5109-2249</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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source MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection; American Phytopathological Society Journal Back Issues
subjects Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Chimera
Disease Resistance - genetics
Environmental Sciences
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genetic Markers - genetics
Genotype
Heterozygote
Humans
Life Sciences
Lycopersicon esculentum
Lycopersicon esculentum - genetics
Lycopersicon esculentum - immunology
Lycopersicon esculentum - parasitology
Meloidogyne
Meloidogyne incognita
Nematoda
Phenotype
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
Plant Diseases - immunology
Plant Diseases - parasitology
Plant Leaves - genetics
Plant Leaves - immunology
Plant Leaves - parasitology
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plant Roots - genetics
Plant Roots - immunology
Plant Roots - parasitology
Prunus
Prunus - genetics
Prunus - immunology
Prunus - parasitology
Prunus dulcis
Tylenchoidea - pathogenicity
Virulence
title Multiyear Evaluation of the Durability of the Resistance Conferred by Ma and RMia Genes to Meloidogyne incognita in Prunus Under Controlled Conditions
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